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Abstract@#Previous epidemiological studies indicated that weight of schoolbag in most countries is far higher than that recommended guidelines. Heavy schoolbags seriously affect the healthy development of the musculoskeletal system of adolescents, which not only leads to abnormal posture e.g. rounded shoulders, hunchback and head forward, but also is one of the main causes of adolescent musculoskeletal diseases such as cervical spondylosis, low back pain and scoliosis. However, adolescents and their parents do not fully understand the harm of heavy schoolbags, let alone the health knowledge regarding the choice and use of schoolbags. Therefore, the review introduces current evidence regarding the association between schoolbag and adolescent musculoskeletal system diseases, as well as schoolbag selection and use, with the aim to arouse the attention of teenagers and their parents and relevant health education departments.
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The main purposes of translational Medicine is to break the barrier among the basic medicine,clinical medicine and drug R&D in order to establish direct and close connection and cooperation between them.However,so far almost in the world wide,translational medicine is still at the exploration stage and far away from the real transformation.This article reviewed the difficult position of translational medicine cooperation from the three aspects of cooperative resources,sponsor and domestic culture,and then suggested to promote clinical medicine research,set up new assessment systems which focus on classified evaluation and representative work,as well as create the culture of cooperation.
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Objective To investigate the reliability and validity of Hospice care quality assessment scale. Methods Eight experts in the field of hospice revised the Scale after Chinese localization. The scale data were analyzed after collation of 181 families fulfill the scale. Results The total scale Cronbach′s a coefficient was 0.851. The first dimension′s coefficient was 0.796. The second dimension′s coefficient was 0.622 and the third dimension′s coefficient was 0.827. In factor analysis of the scale, after varimax rotation, the number of characteristic roots>1 was 10 and made up of 70.88%of the total variance. Conclusions The hospice care quality assessment scale after Chinese localization has good reliability and validity and could be a tool to evaluate the clinical quality of care for dying patients.
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Objective To determine the weight coefficient of the customer requirements of emergency infusion equipment.Methods Customer requirements were made clear using methods of literature research, personal interviews and expert meeting. Analytic hierarchy process approach was adopted to establish the hierarchical structure model, construct paired comparison matrix structure, calculate the weight coefficient and make logic consistency check.Results The weight coefficients were determined for 8 primary and 36 secondary customer requirements, which all met the logical consistency check (CR<0.1).Conclusion The research and development of emergency infusion equipment has to pay attention to such key requirements firstly as safety, efficacy and portability, and the intelligence has to be supported by the key requirements and intermediate needs.
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Differentiation strategy includes self examination on ability,location and intention,strengthening self rarity according to its own characteristics,and improving core competitive power.This article reviewed several related issues in R&D fields,and suggested to set up new evaluation systems which focus on discipline construction,scientific research output,classified evaluation and representative work.
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Objective To develop a Chinese version of Frommelt Attitude Toward Care of the Dying scale (FATCOD) and evaluate its validity and reliability to provide a tool for the field of hospice care and death education used among nurses.Methods FATCOD scale was adopted according to Brislin's translation model for cross-cultural research and its reliability and validity of the new Chinese version was tested in 126 nurses.Factor analysis and correlation analysis were applied to establish the validity and reliability.Results The Chinese version of FATCOD scale consisted of 30 items.The Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was 0.828; split-half coefficient of the whole scale was 0.807; the varimax rotation factor analysis of the scale identified twelve principal factors and explained for 69.5％ variances.Conclusions The Chinese version of FATCOD scale is valid and reliable in the sample of nurses,and can be used in the field of hospice care and death education.
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Objective To understand the status and effect of implementation of curriculum of nursing postgraduates,providing a reference for further improvement of our programs system for nursing postgraduates.Methods The formation of the interview framework was based on professional degree programs.Nine postgraduates were enrolled by purposive sampling,and the data were collected by in-depth interview and were analyzed by Colaizzi's content analysis.Results The experience of our school curriculum included the following:course structure and content highlighted nursing specialization characteristics; stamina was limited,the curriculum had slightly shortcoming; the assessment forms were diversification,although had some stress,it improved their ability.Conclusions We should enhance students awareness of curriculum and training plan of postgraduates,focusing on the study of specialist theory; to learn from the training experience of the foreign clinical nurse specialists in order to improve the curriculum of nursing postgraduates.In addition,we should also address the different starting point of students,explore different training plan,to lay the foundation for training of high-quality clinical nursing talents.
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This article is to explore the practical application of concept maps in nursing teaching practice to make it as a learning tool to promote undergraduates to make a meaningful study. Besides, the results is applied in research on improving the teaching method so as to provide an effective teaching policy and evaluation tools to promote the scientific research and clinical practice in nursing care.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The aim of this study is to analyze the processing mechanism of calamine.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>XRD, TEM and IR were adopted to analyze the structures and the components of original and calcined calamine. Their antibacterial activities were also determined.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The results indicated that zinc carbonate in original calamine was decomposed into zinc oxide after processing at 700 degrees C for 1 hour using original calamine of 40 mesh, and the particle size was smaller than before processing. All of ZnO, ZnCO3 and Zn5 (CO3) 2 (OH) 6 had antibacterial activitives.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Original calamine is deposed to ZnO after being calcined for 1 h at 700 degrees C and wet milling. The content of ZnO and antibacterial activity of calcined calamine are better than those of original calamine, moreover, the particle size diminishes and become dimensional uniformity, and the contents of dissolved impurities is decreased. The antibacterial activitives of original and calcined calamine are decided by zinc.</p>
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Anti-Bacterial Agents , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Bacteria , Drug Combinations , Ferric Compounds , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Particle Size , Zinc Oxide , Chemistry , PharmacologyABSTRACT
0.05).The blood sugar of group B was significantly higher after gastroscope insertion,There was significant difference between pre-insertion and post-insertion(P