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ObjectiveTo describe a COVID-19 outbreak due to SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in a school and provide suggestions for COVID-19 prevention and control. MethodsData on the COVID-19 outbreak in a school in Putuo District of Shanghai were collected from November 14 to December 20， 2022. Epidemiological characteristics， incidence rate of secondary cases and response measures were described and analyzed. ResultsA total of 27 COVID-19 cases were identified infected with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.5.2 variant， including 14 students （51.9%） and 13 family members / teachers living with those students （48.1%）. The first case occurred on November 14， with peak incidence during November 16-18. The median generation interval of the second generation cases was 2 （2，3） days. The index case （case 1， a student） had a clear contact history outside the school， which was found through routine examination in key populations in the school. Immediate management was conducted after the notification. All the second generation cases were exposed students in the same class with case 1， which were identified during the quarantine， whereas the third generation cases were their family members/teachers living with the second generation cases. The incidence rate within the class and school were 36.8% and 3.0%， respectively. No further social transmission was found outside the school. ConclusionEarly detection， multi-sectoral collaboration， prompt control and quarantine measures are effective in containing SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Health promotion， surveillance， ventilation and prophylactic disinfection should be reinforced in schools， office buildings and other gathering places.
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ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological characteristics of scarlet fever in Putuo District， Shanghai from 2015 to 2020， and provide a basis for formulating effective prevention and control measures. MethodsThe data of scarlet fever cases from January 1， 2015 to December 31， 2020 in Putuo District， Shanghai were obtained from the Infectious Disease Reporting Information Management System of the Chinese center for disease control and prevention （CDC）. Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of scarlet fever cases in Putuo District， Shanghai by time， population， and region. ResultsA total of 586 scarlet fever cases were reported in Putuo District from 2015 to 2020， with an average annual reported incidence of 7.39 per 105， an average age of onset of 6.2±1.8 years， and a male/female ratio of 1.6∶1. The incidence of scarlet fever has declined significantly in 2020， which was 5.44 per 105 lower than the average reported incidence in 2015‒2020. The incidence peak was from April to June and November to January of the following year， which was characterized by high incidence in spring and winter. The age distribution of cases was concentrated at the age of 4‒9 years， mainly children in kindergarten and primary school students. Areas with high reported incidence rates were Wanli Street， Changzheng Town， Taopu Town and Changfeng New Village Street. ConclusionThe peak incidence of scarlet fever in Putuo District is from April to June and November to January of the following year， with children in kindergartens and students in primary school as the key populations. We should strengthen epidemic monitoring and guidance of prevention and control for in kindergartens and schools before the high incidence season of scarlet fever， so as to effectively prevent the epidemic of the disease.
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Virtual simulation experimental teaching is a major component of nursing education reform in colleges and universities, which makes space-unlimited cyber-learning and self-learning into reality and is helpful in the development of students' critical thinking and clinical nursing decision-making ability. Based on the "5E learning cycle" model, we have set up an experimental teaching system, and constructed a virtual simulation experimental platform of nursing, which comprises basic experimental skills, clinical experimental skills, comprehensive virtual simulation projects and training system of clinical thinking. The platform combines online learning and offline learning, virtual simulation and physical simulation together, and narrowes the gap between theoretical teaching and clinical practice. This platform has promoted the development of nursing skills, clinical thinking and comprehensive abilities for nursing students and been also ready for the design and development of virtual simulation experimental teaching projects in the future.
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Objective To explore the relationship of adolescents internalizing problem behavior with genetic and environmental factors. Methods The internalizing problem behavior of 74 twin pairs from Chongqing(aged from 12 to18 years) were investigated using The Youth Self-Report (YSR). The family adaptability and cohesion evaluationscale 2nd edition Chinese version (FACES Ⅱ-CV), Family Stresses Questionnaire (FSQ), the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ), Stressful Life Event (SLE) and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ ) were applied to assess their environment factors and coping style. The blood sample was collected to verify zygosity of twins. Structural equation modeling (SEM)was performed to evaluate the relationship of adolescents internalizing problem behavior with the additive genetic factors(A),shared environment factors(C)and individual specific environmental factors(E). Results The scores of PSDQ and FSQ FACES Ⅱ-CV SCSQ were no significantly different between homozygotic and dizygotic twins(P>0.05).There were significantly negative correlation between internalizing problem behavior and family cohesion (r=0.223, P=0.011).The scores of adolescent internalizing problem behavior were positively correlated with the scores of family stresses(r=0.232, P=0.008), the scores of Authoritarian-parenting-style(r=0.206, P=0.018), the scores of negative coping style (r=0.408, P=0.001);the scores of adolescents internalizing behavioral problems were not significantly correlated with the scores of the stress life events, and the scores of the parenting education level and occupation.The effects of A and E on adolescent internalizing problem behavior were 0.51(95%CI:0.27~0.69)and 0.49 (95% CI: 0.31~0.73) respectively. Conclusion Environmental factors and genetic factors contribute equally to adolescents internalizing problem behavior, which is affected by the authoritarian-parenting-style, family stresses, family cohesion and negative coping style.
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Objective To evaluate the teaching effects of evidence-based nursing approach by using the meta-analysis. Methods The databases of CBM, VIP and CNKI were searched. The controlled studies comparing evidence-based nursing approach and traditional methods were included. Data collection and literature evaluation were performed by two reviewers independently. RevMan V5.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results Ten literatures were included in meta-analysis. Meta-analysis showed statistical difference between evidence- based nursing approach and traditional methods in the objective knowledge of nursing students. Evidence-based nursing approach was superior to traditional methods in the training of practical operation ability, comprehensive nursing skills, paper writing ability and critical thinking. Conclusions Meta-analysis shows that evidence- based nursing approach is beneficial in teaching effects compared with traditional methods. However, most trials included in the review were of low quality, so large- scale randomized controlled trials of higher quality are needed to confirm this.
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@#ObjectiveTo study the influence of Jiuqiang Naoliqing (JNQ) on the expression of calcitonin gene related peptide(CGRP)and Synapsin Ⅰ in brain of the spontaneous hypertension rats (SHR). MethodsThe rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: Wistar group, SHR group, lower dose of JNQ treated SHR group and higher dose of JNQ treated SHR group. The expression of CGRP and Synapsin Ⅰ in the dentate gyrus, CA1 subfield of hippocampus and cortex were determined by immunohistochemistry after treatment for 3 weeks. ResultsCompared with the Wistar group, the expression of CGRP and Synapsin Ⅰ in the dentate gyrus, CA1 subfield of hippocampus and cortex of SHR group significantly decreased. The treatment with lower dose of JNQ significantly enhanced the expression of CGRP in cortex(P<0.05 vs SHR).The treatment with higher dose of JNQ significantly enhanced not only the expression of CGRP in the dentate gyrus, CA1 subfield of hippocampus and cortex, but also that of Synapsin Ⅰ in the CA1 subfield of hippocampus selectively in comparison with SHR group. ConclusionJNQ may improve the micro circulation in brain by up regulating the expression of CGRP and enhance the modulating function of central nervous system by up regulating the expression of Synapsin Ⅰ in spontaneous hypertension rats.
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@#ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of Jiuqiang Naoliqing(JNQ) on the TXA2 and PGI2 level in spontaneous hypertension rat (SHR) plasma.MethodsThe plasma was separated after the SHR and Wistar rats were treated with JNQ at the dose of 0.133g/kg,0.265g/kg,0.530g/kg and 1% carboxymethyl cellulose respectively for 5 weeks. The level of TXB2 and 6 keto PGF1α ,stable metabolin of TXA2 and PGI 2,in SHR plasma was tested by radioimmunoassay.ResultsThe level of TXB2 and the ratio of TXB2/6 keto PGF1α (T/P) in SHR plasma increased significantly(P<0.01),and there was no significant difference in the concentration of 6 keto PGF1α between Wistar rats and SHR plasma(P>0.05). JNQ could increase the generation of 6 keto PGF1α and decrease the level of TXB2 and T/P in SHR plasma after treated with different dosages for 5 weeks.ConclusionJNQ may improve the balance between TXA2 and PGI2 in SHR plasma.
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@#ObjectiveTo observe the effects of neural stem cells transplantation on the behavioral deficits of Parkinson's disease mice.MethodsSpontaneous movement,Morris Water Maze and Rotarod were adopted to evaluate the behavioral changes.ResultsCompared with the control,the time of spontaneous movement was decreased,the latency of Water Maze was lengthened,and the time of Rotarod was shortened in the Parkinson's disease(PD) mice. These deficits were improved 2,4 and 8 weeks after unilateral and bilateral transplantation of neural stem cells.ConclusionsThe transplantation of neural stem cells can improve the behavioral deficits in the PD mice.
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@#ObjectiveTo observe the changes of neurogenesis in the hippocampus of Alzheimer's model mice and the effect of traditional Chinese medicine Nao Fu Cong. MethodsAlzheimer's type dementia of mice was induced by Aβ25-35 icv.Space learning and memorial ability were tested with Morris Water Maze.The activity of NMDA and M receptor were measured with radio-ligand of MK-801 and QNB.Neurogenesis was observed with the BrdU immunohitochemistry.ResultsSpace learning and memorial ability significantly decreased(P<0.05),MK-801 binding increased and QNB binding decreased (P<0.001),BrdU positive cells decreased in hippocampus(P<0.05).After given drugs for 2 weeks,the mentioned changes were improved significantly(P<0.05,P<0.001,P<0.05).ConclusionsThe toxic effect of Aβ25-35 was involved with the inhibitory action of neurogenesis.Promoting the neurogenesis may be one of the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine to treat the neurodegenerative diseases.
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Objective To investigate the effects of almitrine-raubasine on learning-memory ability and brain choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity in chronic episodic hypoxia (EHYP) rat. Methods After establishing the rat model of EHYP, almitrine-raubasine (0.03 tablets/250 g body weight , Bid) was given to the EHYP rats. The learning-memory ability was evaluated by using passive avoidance test and the ChAT activity in three different brain regions (including cerebral cortex, hippocampus and striatum) was determined using radiochemical method. Results As compared with the controlled rats, the performance on passive avoidance test of EHYP rats was impaired significantly (P