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Objective:To explore the usage of system dynamics analyzing the influencing factors of total health expenditure(THE),forecast the trends of total health expenditure based on the method of System Dynamics and put forward relative countermeasures.Methods:According to the literature and expert consultation,the population,elderly,GDP,government health expenditures,drug costs and the number of health workers per thousand population were the important factors for THE.These factors were incorporated into system dynamics model for total health expenditure and conducted the simulation.Results:Based on the examination,the simulation results highly corresponded to historical data (2002-2014) and the official forecast (2015-2020),which showed that the model had good stability and reliability.The simulation results showed that steadily increasing total health expenditure would reach 7 457.12 billion yuan in 2025.Conclusion:The system dynamics approach had superior characteristics to other projection methods in terms of stability and reliability.In order to control the irrational growth of total health expenditure,it needed to increase the prevention investment,decrease the incidence of chronic diseases;sustainably improve the reform of public hospitals,implement the basic drug system;change the income-oriented performance appraisal to realize the labor value of medical staffs.
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Human resource,as the core resource of hospitals,plays a key role in maintaining the competitive advantage of the hospitals.From the perspective of system engineering,this paper closely combined the present situation of human resource management under the background of medical staff shortage with the systematic theory,and systematically analyzed the problems of medical staff shortage and human resource management in public hospitals on the basis of literature research and investigation.It constructedand analyzed the archetype of “growth upper limit” that the over load of medical staff in hibited their mental health,“growth and investment insufficiency” archetype of medical staff's human capital investment,and the “trifles” archetype of medical personnel shortage.As well,it put forward the problem-solving management strategy using the theory of systematic thinking.
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Objective:To observe the clinical effect of Xu's Liu Wei Xiaoqinglong Decoction on children's pneumonia with the syndrome of phlegm blocking in the lung.Method:86 cases were randomly divided into 2 groups,43 cases in each.Treatment group was treated by Liuwei Xiaoqinglong Decoction (granules),Control group was treated by San Ao Decoction (granules),both taken orally,twice per day,for 7 days.The clinical effects and syndrome integrals improvement were observed.Result:The total effective rate of the treatment group was 95.34％ and it was 81.39％ in the control group,the difference between the 2 groups was statistically significant (P＜0.05).And the syndrome improvement of the treatment group was also significantly better than that of the control group.The disappearing time of major symtoms was statistically significantly shorter than that of the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion:Xu's Liu Wei Xiaoqinglong Decoction has certain effect on children's pneumonia with the syndrome of phlegm blocking in the lung and it should be applied in patient with simple syndrome of phlegm blocking in the lung,or in early stage of phlegm blocking in the lung,compared with cases with syndrome of phlegm blocking in the lung accompanied by spleen deficiency.
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Objective:To observe influence of mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD ) on vascular alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity ,transcription factor :Runx2 and Osterix expression levels in MnSOD‐Tg mice model of vascular calcification .Methods :A total of 20 wild type (WT) mice were selected as WT group and 20 Mn‐SOD‐Tg mice were enrolled as MnSOD‐Tg group ,then mice model of vascular calcification was established .Vascu‐lar ALP activity ,expression levels of transcription factor Runx2 and Osterix were compared and analyzed between two groups .Results:After successful model establishment ,compared with WT group ,there were significant reduc‐tions in ALP activity [ (75.89 ± 4.17) vs .(61.32 ± 3.12)] , expression levels of transcription factor Runx2 [ (0.928 ± 0.016) vs .(0.694 ± 0.007)] and Osterix [ (0.472 ± 0.036) vs .(0.257 ± 0.013)] in MnSOD‐Tg group , P<0.01 all .Conclusion:Manganese superoxide dismutase may be improving atherosclerosis via reducing activity of vascular alkaline phosphatase ,expression levels of transcription factor Runx2 and Osterix .
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Objective:To explore the utilization of and satisfaction at community health service between migrant and non-migrant workers in Shenzhen city. Methods: Random sampling was used and 8000 community residents in Shenzhen city were investigated, and the data was analyzed with SPSS 18. 0. Results:There was statistically signifi-cant difference on the times of seeking community health services last year between migrant workers and non-migrant workers ( P<0. 0001 ) , and the proportion of more than three times service utilization of migrant workers were greater than that of non-migrant workers. The top three elements inpluencing satisfaction at community health service between migrant and non-migrant workers were service attitude ( 73. 29% vs. 73. 46%) , technical level ( 65. 29% vs. 67. 50%), and its convenience of seeking a doctor (63. 16% vs. 64. 98%). 73. 47% of users (migrant workers:74. 16%, non-migrant workers:69. 71%) were willing to accept the system of first contact in community health in-stitutions. Conclusions:The utilization of community health service has increased since implementing the system of first contact in community health institutions. Both migrant workers and non-migrant workers were very satisfied with the community health services, and the differences on satisfaction between the two groups were not significant. It is feasible to gradually promote the system of first contact in community health institutions over China.
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The system of first contact in community health institutions, as the core element of hierarchical di-agnosis and treatment system, is of great importance for reforming successfully China’ health service system. The sys-tem of first contact in community health institutions implemented among labor workers in Shenzhen City plays an im-portant role in patients ’ distribution and the interested parties can accept this mandatory system. Campared with Shenzhen City, the level of services is enough to meet patients’ primary health demands in some cities which the com-munity health service develops well, and it should be thought highly of the mandatory in the process of policy imple-mentation in order to ensure the implementation effect.
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Objective:To analyze the system of first contact in community health institutions for migrant workers in Shenzhen city with the stakeholder theory. Methods:The report forms of the Social Insurance Fund Administration Bureau and the health bureau of Shenzhen city were used to analyze. All stakeholders of this policy were interviewed. Results:The system of first contact in community health institutions was good for all stakeholders. The number of in-sured migrant workers grew steadily, the business volume of community health service centers increased significantly, and the fund ran smoothly. Conclusions:The effects of the system of first contact in community health institutions for migrant workers in Shenzhen city were obvious. All the stakeholders felt satisfied with the policy.
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In line with guidelines of the health reform and realities in China,we comprehensively analyzed the strengths,weaknesses,opportunities,and threats in improving the hierarchical medical system by means of the SWOT method.Based on such,we proposed some corresponding development countermeasures,for policy and decision references in developing a medical system of reasonable division of responsibilities.
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To observe the changes of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4), factors related to T helper 1/T helper 2 (Th1/Th2), in airway inflammation in an asthmatic model of mice and the effects of Pingchuan Formula (PCF), a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine.
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To evaluate the effects of Bushen Gubiao Recipe (BGR), a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine, on toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway and CD4(+)CD25(+)foxp3(+)regulatory T cells (CD4(+)CD25(+)foxp3(+)Tregs) in mice with recurrent respiratory tract infections (RRTIs).
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The characteristics of onset time of cough variant asthma (CVA) match with the human hypnagogic and arousal time nodes, which are also in accordance with the time of defensive qi entering yin and exiting yang of human body. Reviewing the generation and physiological function of defensive qi, we hold that the onset of CVA is related to the lung, the spleen and the kidney. Deficiency of the three viscera leads to defi ciency of defensive qi defi ciency, and blockade of the circulation pathway of defensive qi on body surface, thus interaction of the two factors results in the special time nods of CVA’s onset, which is also the basic pathomechenism of CVA.
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Invasive aspergillosis is one of common causes of death in patients with hematologic malignancies and bone marrow transplant recipients .The high mortality is due in part to difficulties in timelydiagnosis because signs and symptoms are often nonspecific or are attenuated as a result of medication such as corticosteroids.In addition to the profound and persistent net state of immunosuppression in patients who develop invasive aspergillosis,intrinsic or secondary antifungal resistanceand the toxicity may also account for high mortality.
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Objective:Using PCR to amplify filamentous fungi DNA fragments. Methods:Pour some liquid nitrogen to the hypha and grind them to powder. Then add some TE buffer and boil them for 15-20 minutes. Take a little supernatant as PCR template. After PCR do agarose gel electrophoresis. Collect the gel containing the objective fragment and add some TE. Take a little supernatant as PCR template (again.) After PCR, do agorose gel electrophoresis again. Results:We obtained a great deal of objective DNA. Conclusion:Amplifying filamentous fungi DNA fragment by this way, we can save time and money. We can also improve our work efficiently.
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Objective To establish a method for high throughput screening single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) by tag microarray,and then apply the method to study the gene SNP which is related to the motor function of normal people.Methods The genes related to motor function were firstly defined,and then 48 SNP loci were determined.The rs numbers of these SNP loci were fingered out from PubMed,and the primers were designed with the software in web site "www.autoprimer.com".The primer sequences were then downloaded and sent to the biologic corporation for synthesis.After being synthesized and purified by HPLC these primers were used in the experiments according to the instruction of Bakeman's SNPstream machine.The key techniques of SNPstream machine were tag microarray and single nucleotide extension assay.Once the determination was finished,both the gene frequency and allele frequency of every locus could be statistically analyzed.Results The information of the 48 SNP loci that related to motor function had been determined simultaneously by tag microarray,regardless the number of samples to be detected at the same time.The number of the samples was variable to meet the need.The data of gene frequency and allele frequency of these 48 SNP loci may be used in the subsequent studies.Conclusions Tag microarray used to high throughput screening SNP has the advantages of accuracy,speed,efficiency and reasonable cost.Therefore it can be applied to study the relationship between the SNP and many kinds of diseases.