Association of cytochrome P450 2A6 gene polymorphisms with smoking behaviors:a Meta-analysis / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>A Meta-analysis was performed to assess the association of defective hepatic cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) gene with smoking behaviors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>All eligible studies published up to 2014 were searched out from PubMed, China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI), ISI Web of knowledge (ISI), vip citation databases (VIP), Chinese BioMedical Literature (CBM) and Elsevier Science Direct, searching words were "smok*","nicotine dependence","CYP2A6","cytochrome P450 2A6","polymorphism","mut*"and"varia*", while 436 articles were concluded. Meta-analysis was performed using Statal 3.1.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of ten studies were finally included. We didn't find a significant effect of defective CYP2A6 gene on smoking initiation (fixed effect model (FEM): OR = 0.90, 95%CI: 0.78-1.03, I(2) = 25.8%), smoking persistence (random effect model (REM): OR = 0.85, 95%CI: 0.59-1.23, I(2) = 66.3%) and smoking cessation (REM: OR = 0.89, 95%CI: 0.57-1.40, I(2) = 67.1%). But it showed a significant protective effect of CYP2A6*4 on smoking initiation (FEM: OR = 0.78, 95%CI: 0.61-0.99, I(2) = 28.2%), smoking persistence (FEM: OR = 0.53, 95%CI: 0.36-0.77, I(2) = 41.0%) and smoking cessation (REM: OR = 0.49, 95%CI: 0.31-0.80, I(2) = 0.0%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>This Meta-analysis suggested that there was not a protective effect of defective CYP2A6 gene against smoking behaviors. But smokers with whole CYP2A6 gene deletion would be less likely to start smoking, less smoking persistence and more likely to quit smoking successful than smokers with wild CYP2A6 gene.</p>

Mediating effect of smoking abstinence self-efficacy on association between awareness of smoking hazard and successful smoking cessation / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To estimate the mediating effect of smoking abstinence self-efficacy (SASE) on the association between awareness of smoking hazard and successful smoking cessation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A community-based case-control study was conducted in 642 smokers who successfully stopped smoking, and 700 smokers who failed in smoking cessation were used as controls. The awareness of smoking hazard was evaluated by total score of 12 items. The SASE was assessed by using Smoking Abstinence Self-Efficacy (ASES-S). The total effect was classified as direct effect and indirect effect through logistic regression analysis based on the KHB method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After adjusting the potential confounders, including age, age of smoking initiation, occupation, educational level and marital status, the mediating effect of SASE accounted for 6.03% among the total effect of awareness of smoking hazard in those who successfully stopped smoking while the direct effect accounted for 93.97% among the total effect. In the three specific situation of SASE, the mediating effect of SASE accounted for 6.80% (positive/social situations), 3.08% (negative/affective situations) and 2.32% (habit/addictive situations) among the total effect, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>SASE has part mediating effect to influence on the association between the awareness of smoking hazard and successful smoking cessation. Improving smokers' awareness of smoking hazard may not only promote successful smoking cessation directly, but also contribute to quit smoking through improving the score of SASE.</p>

Association between social support and outcomes as successful smoking cessation in males from the rural areas / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To examine the association between social support and successful smoking cessation outcomes in males from rural areas.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A community-based case-control study was conducted with 642 adult male cases who appeared to be successful spontaneous smoking quitters as cases, together with other 700 adult males who failed quitting smoking to serve, as controls. Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) was used to assess the individual social support. Multiple linear method was used to evaluate the relationship between social support and the outcome of successful cessation in smoking.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After adjusting the potential confounders as age, education, marital status, profession, age of initial smoking and number of pack-years on smoking, the adjusted mean of subjective social support in successful quitters was significant lower than that in the failed ones (P<0.001). The differences of adjusted means between objective social support and its utility were not statistically different in the two groups among the population who recognized that cigarettes should always be provided when people interact with each other (P=0.124; P=0.763). However, the adjusted means of social support and the related three dimensions did not show significant differences in the two groups among the population in disapproval of the above said social norms (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Data from our research indicated that social support would negatively affect the successful spontaneous cessation of smoking among people under unhealthy smoking culture.</p>

Relationship between age and smoking abstinence self-efficacy / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship between smoking abstinence self- efficacy (SASE) and age.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A cross-sectional questionnaire survey in form of face-to-face interview was performed. The SASE level was assessed by using the Smoking Abstinence Self-Efficacy Scale. Univariate two-degree fractional polynomials (FPs) regression model was used to explore the relationship between SASE and age after adjusting of potential confounders: marital status, occupation and education.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The relationship between SASE and age showed a U-shaped curve with the nadir at 60 years old.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The distribution of SASE is not consistent among age groups; middle aged person has lower level of SASE than both the younger and the elder.</p>

Dominance analysis on the association between reasons for smoking and results related to successful smoking cessation / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To study the association between reasons for smoking and results related to successful smoking cessation. Methods A community-based case-control study was conducted with 642 male adults recognized as successful spontaneous smoking quitters being the subject cases while another 700 male adults who had failed to quit smoking were served as the controls. Russell Reason for Smoking Questionnaire(RRSQ)was used to investigate the reasons for smoking. Dominance logistic regression was performed to determine the relative importance of reasons for starting smoking and the endpoint of successful quit smoking. Results After adjusting the potential confounders of age,age of smoking initiation,marital status,profession,and education,the adjusted means of sedative and stimulation of RRSQ in the successful quitters were significant lower than that in the failed quitters. Results from the dominance logistic regression showed that the first two important factors for smoking cessation were sedative and stimulation of RRSQ,followed by psychological image,automatic,hand-mouth activity,indulgence,and addiction. Conclusion This study demonstrated that factors as dependence-addiction showed more important impacts than the social-psychological ones on the endpoint of successful smoking cessation.

Dominance analysis on the association between reasons for smoking and results related to successful smoking cessation / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To study the association between reasons for smoking and results related to successful smoking cessation. Methods A community-based case-control study was conducted with 642 male adults recognized as successful spontaneous smoking quitters being the subject cases while another 700 male adults who had failed to quit smoking were served as the controls. Russell Reason for Smoking Questionnaire(RRSQ)was used to investigate the reasons for smoking. Dominance logistic regression was performed to determine the relative importance of reasons for starting smoking and the endpoint of successful quit smoking. Results After adjusting the potential confounders of age,age of smoking initiation,marital status,profession,and education,the adjusted means of sedative and stimulation of RRSQ in the successful quitters were significant lower than that in the failed quitters. Results from the dominance logistic regression showed that the first two important factors for smoking cessation were sedative and stimulation of RRSQ,followed by psychological image,automatic,hand-mouth activity,indulgence,and addiction. Conclusion This study demonstrated that factors as dependence-addiction showed more important impacts than the social-psychological ones on the endpoint of successful smoking cessation.

Dominance analysis on the association between reasons for smoking and results related to successful smoking cessation / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the association between reasons for smoking and results related to successful smoking cessation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A community-based case-control study was conducted with 642 male adults recognized as successful spontaneous smoking quitters being the subject cases while another 700 male adults who had failed to quit smoking were served as the controls. Russell Reason for Smoking Questionnaire (RRSQ) was used to investigate the reasons for smoking. Dominance logistic regression was performed to determine the relative importance of reasons for starting smoking and the endpoint of successful quit smoking.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After adjusting the potential confounders of age, age of smoking initiation, marital status, profession, and education, the adjusted means of sedative and stimulation of RRSQ in the successful quitters were significant lower than that in the failed quitters. Results from the dominance logistic regression showed that the first two important factors for smoking cessation were sedative and stimulation of RRSQ, followed by psychological image, automatic, hand-mouth activity, indulgence, and addiction.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This study demonstrated that factors as dependence-addiction showed more important impacts than the social-psychological ones on the endpoint of successful smoking cessation.</p>

The protective role of hydrogen sulfide in a mouse model of viral myocarditis induced by Coxsachie-virus B3 / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To investigate the protective role of hydrogen sulfide and the expression of cystathionine gamma-lyase/hydrogen sulfide pathway in a mouse model of myocarditis induced by Coxsachie -virus B3(CVB3).Methods A total of 110 five-week-old BALB/c male mice were randomly divided into four groups:the control group, viral myocarditis group, sodium bisulfide (NaHS) group (50 μmol/kg) and DL-propargylglycine (PAG) group (40 mg/kg).The experimental model of viral myocarditis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of CVB 3.Then the four groups were respectively administered with PBS , PBS, NaHS and PAG from day 1 to day 10 after infection.Blood and heart specimens were harvested from 10 mice of each group on day 4 and day 10 for evaluation of myocardial edema .The pathological changes in heart tis-sues were observed through hematoxylin-eosin staining.Levels of H2 S, IL-6 and TNF-αwere measured by ELISA.The expressions of CSE and CVB 3 at mRNA level were determined by quantitative real time PCR ( qRT -PCR ) analysis and the expression of CSE at protein level was detected by Western blot .Results Compared with the control group , the levels of H2 S and the expressions of CSE at mRNA and protein levels were down-regulated in mice with CVB 3-induced myocarditis .With the treatment of NaHS , the levels of H 2 S in serum and tissue were both up-regulated , and the histopathological damage was alleviated .However , PAG as an irreversible CSE inhibitor inhibited the expressions of H 2 S and CSE and aggravated myocardial injury , inflammatory cells infiltration and interstitial edema .Moreover , the RT-PCR analysis also showed that the expression of CVB3 at mRNA level was inhibited by NaHS but enhanced by PAG .Conclusion The expres-sion of CSE/H2 S pathway is down-regulated in mice with CVB 3-induced viral myocarditis .PAG could pro-mote virus propagation and exacerbate the disease through inhibiting the production of endogenous H 2 S, while NaHS as a H2 S donor has a protective effect on infected myocardium by suppressing virus replication at an early stage .

Magnetic resonance imaging findings of traumatic temporomandibular joint injury induced by type Ⅵ condylar fracture / 中华创伤杂志

Objective To investigate the application of MRI in evaluation of the traumatic temporomandibular joint (TMJ) injury induced by type Ⅵ condylar fracture. MethodsMRI was performed in TMJs in 18 patients with type Ⅵ condylar fractures at days 3-14 post-injury and the MRI findings were analyzed. ResultsMRI findings of 18 patients with traumatic TMJ injury with 19 sides of type Ⅵ condylar fractures showed 15 sides of TMJ disk displacement,nine sides of capsule tear,16 sides of retrodiscal tissue tear (double-plate area) and 19 sides of joint effusion change. Conclusions MRI is very important in the diagnosis and evaluation of traumatic TMJ injury,since it can clearly display the TMJ injuries in type Ⅵ condylar fractures.Therefore,the clinical application of MRI is beneficial for selection of the therapeutic schedules.

Epidemiologic study of children admitted to hospital with Kawasaki disease in Wenzhou from 2001 to 2010 / 中华风湿病学杂志

Objective To evalute the incidence and epidemiologic characteristics of Kawasaki disease (KD) in Wenzhou,China.Methods We used a questionnaire survey and reviewed the medical records and reports of all patients with KD diagnosed during the 10 year periods from January,2001 to December,2010.Results We studied 827 inpatients diagnosed with KD during the 10-years period from 2001 to 2010.There were 613 cases (74.12％) with complete KD.The ratio of male to female ratio was 2.28∶1.Age at onset ranged from 37 days to 13 years old,and the peak age group was 1 year old.The disease occurred in all of the seasons,but the peak was from April to June.The incidence of cardiovascular damage in acute KD was 34.6％,and the most common sequela was coronary artery dilatation.There were16 patients with coronary aneurysm.Fifty-three patients did not respond to immunoglobulin (6.4％),and 12 patients (1.5％) developed recurrent KD.After treatment,114 cases (13.8％) developed neutropenia.There were no deaths during hospitalization.Conclusion Patients with KD has become more and more in Wenzhou.Cardiovascular damages were similar to those in Beijing and Guangzhou,but higher than that reported in Japan.