A study on adverse drug reaction associated co-morbid symptoms on newly diagnosed TB patients with and without diabetes mellitus

Background: The incidence of Tuberculosis and severity increased in immunocompromised state like Diabetes mellitus. When combined with ATT and antidiabetic drugs, the adverse reaction are increased. Aim of the study: To study the incidence of adverse drug reaction associated co-morbid symptoms on newly diagnosed TB patients with Diabetes Mellitus. Materials and methods: 100 cases of newly diagnosed sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis (50 diabetic and 50 non -diabetic) fitting the inclusion criteria admitted over the period of 2 years from 2016-2017. Subjects were selected from medicine ward, pulmonology ward and Tuberculosis ward under DTC. The diagnosis of Pulmonary tuberculosis was made with clinical presentation and verification by detection of acid fast bacilli under microscope. Results: Among the diabetic population, 28 (28.00%) were received biguanides, 10 (10.00%) were received insulin, and 12 (12.00%) were received sulphonylureas. Among the study population, 28 (28.00%) had peripheral neuropathy, 25 (25.00%) had liver injury, 4 (4.00%) had hypoglycemia, 11 (11.00%) had back pain, and 52 (52.00%) had nausea vomiting. Conculsion: When treating patients with diabetes and TB, there is increased incidence of polyneuropathy and liver toxicity

Ethical gaps in conducting research among adult survivors of child sexual abuse: A review

Although there have been numerous studies, especially in the last few decades, on the impact of child sexual abuse (CSA) on adult survivors, there is a dearth of studies focusing on the ethical aspects of research in this area. Against this background, we reviewed the literature published between January 2000 and December 2016 on the reporting of ethical guidelines followed in research on adult survivors of CSA. We conducted a PubMed (MEDLINE) and Google Scholar search to find published research, using the keywords: “child sexual abuse”, “adult survivors”, “research”, “guidelines” and “ethics”. Our findings suggest that no particular assessment method is superior in terms of disclosure of information or reduction of distress. The use of developmentally appropriate educative materials, sensitisation, and debriefing sessions have shown some benefit in reducing distress. There is a lack of legal or social consensus on mandatory legal reporting of information provided by adult survivors of sexual abuse, with most researchers working on the premise that adults have the freedom of choice. Often, a constraint among researchers is the lack of structured training or supervision in sensitive research, which may negatively impact both the participant and the researcher. Institute ethics boards and institutions currently lack the framework to consider protocols and facilitate research, and this poses serious obstacles to fostering research. In this situation, ongoing research needs to focus on ethical aspects. Together with this, we recommend certain ethical practices drawn from various studies that may be employed for participants, researchers, and institutional ethics boards.

Emotions and psychotherapy: tracing the prevailing trends

Background: Emotions are generic and central to most of the theories and therapies in psychology as well as an important criterion in the psychopathology of various psychiatric disorders. Though the terminology and techniques are varied, every school of therapy attempts to address emotions. Recently there is an increased focus on addressing emotions in psychotherapy. Objective: This paper aims to trace the significance given to emotions in psychological theories and therapies as well as to understand and evaluate the current status of therapeutic interventions addressing emotions. Discussion: There is obvious increase in the importance given to addressing and assessing of emotions. Emotions have become the focus of therapy and an important outcome variable in many recent therapies. However, there is still a lack of systematic assessment methods, measures as well as specific therapeutic components to address emotions. There is also lack of clarity in the terminologies used to refer to ‘emotions’. Finally, the processes and therapeutic factors leading to better emotional regulation are in their nascence and needs systematic exploration. Conclusion: Certain processes such as experiencing deep affect in therapy, depth of processing, reflection on emotions, understanding roots of emotions and using positive emotions to deal with negative emotions are seen to result in positive change. However, there is need for uniform use of terminologies, quantitative and qualitative assessment and methodologies and theoretically grounded therapeutic components to address ‘emotions’ in Psychotherapy.