[Effects of regular aerobic exercise on cardiorespiratory fitness and levels of fibrinogen, fibrin D-dimer and uric acid in healthy and inactive middle aged men]

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of three months regular aerobic exercises on the levels of fibrinogen, fibrin D-dimer, uric acid, white blood cells count [WBC], red blood cell distribution width [RDW], body mass index [BMI] and cardiorespiratory fitness in middle aged healthy and inactive men. To implementation of this semi-experimental research, from employees in Ferdowsi university, 21 middle aged men with available method were selected and assigned into experimental [N=11, age: 44.7 +/- 4.3 y, height: 1.73 +/- 0.04 m, weight: 81.8 +/- 9.36 kg] and control [N=10, age: 41.2 +/- 8 y, height: 1.73 +/- 0.07 m, weight: 78.2 +/- 14.8 kg] groups. The experimental group performed an aerobic exercise protocol with the intensity of 75% to 85% of their maximum heart rate for three months [three days a week]. Before and after trainings, aerobic power, body composition variables and fasting levels of blood variables were measured. Data analysis showed a significant elevation of RDW, aerobic power and WBC and significant reduction of BMI and uric acid in experimental group [P<0.05], but no significant change was observed in the levels of fibrinogen and fibrin D-dimer. Considering reduction of some inflammatory atherosclerosis risk factors, aerobic exercise may be recommended for improvement of cardiovascular health in middle aged men

assessment on relations between Iran's industries and universities of medical sciences [2006]

During the recent decades the relation between universities and industries is a subject that has been mentioned in many universities as an approach to increase universities' budgets, improving their relation with society, upgrading the universities, and finally to develop country [Iran]. There are 40 medical universities in Iran that could have key role in this matter. That is why the present research in term of evaluation the relation between Iran's medical universities and industries has been done in 2006. This research is a descriptive - cross sectional study. The research populations are 40 of research officers; and medical faculties and industries relations offices administrative managers. The research tools used to collect the data are questioners and data gathered in field investigations. To analyze the quantity data SPSS software; and to analyze the quality data the grouping method has been used. Data showed that almost 64.5% of faculties have had mediated structure such as medical faculties and industries relation offices in the universities. There is a lack of organizational structures for these offices in 55.9%. Most of the staffs who have worked there; were from scientific board, and most of the activities are including training, regular visits and consultations. There are no rewards for the staffs in approximately 83.7%, and in 93.5% of cases there is no specific work description for the staffs, and in 80.5% there is no specific regulations policy. Lack of understanding the universities abilities and the industries problems are main problems that medical faculties and industries relations staffs are facing with. Many universities have a clear understanding about the importance of the relation with industries and their own duties about societies, however, they could not find an administrative approach to do it, because the point of the view and the way to connect to industries are traditional and the solid opinion is not consistent and scientific

[Utilization of particulate and immuno-modulating adjuvants for enhancement of immune response against tumors antigenic markers]

Regards to the weak immunigenicity of tumor cells as well as recombinant antigenic markers [like BLP25], adjuvants are needed for enhancement of immune response and it's skewing toward cellular immunity. In this research poly [lactide-co-glycolide] [PLGA] microspheres were used as delivery system for a recombinant mucin named mucin 1 [MUCl, BLP25] as a recombinant antigenic cancer marker, and CpG-ODN was used for enhancement of immune response and its biasing toward cellular immunity. PLGA microspheres encapsulated with BLP25 and CpG-ODN were prepared using a w/o/w emulsion method. Encapsulation of BLP25 was determined by a HPLC method and spectrophotometry at 260 nm was used for quantification of encapsulated CpG-ODN. In vivo immunization studies were performed by SC injections of 20 micro g BLP25 and 4 micro g CpG-ODN in mice [4 animal per group]. Group I] Mice immunized with microspheres co-encapsulated with BLP25 and CpG; Group II] Mice immunized with microspheres encapsulated with BLP25 mixed with CpG solution; Group III] Mice immunized with microspheres encapsulated with BLP25. For evaluation of specify of immune response, T lymphocytes separated from different groups of mice were incubated with different antigens [T Cell Proliferation Assay]. IFN-gamma and IL-4 cytokines were assayed by a sandwich ELISA method. T lymphocytes separated from group I, showed high proliferation [stimulation index = 25] and high levels of IFN-y interferon [11200+/-172 pg/ml] which were significantly higher than other two groups [P<0.0001]. Co-encapsulation and co-delivery of MUCl and CpG-ODN produced high cellular [Thl] immunity responses [high levels of IFN-gamma and no IL-4], indicating the high adjuvanticity potential of CpG-ODN for immunization against cancer markers. Importance of co-encapsulation of antigen and adjuvant in the same delivery system for better adjuvant effect was also approved

[Dextran microspheres containing tetanus toxoid as a potential delivery system for nasal immunization: in vitro and in vivo characterization]

Poor absorption of protein antigens across mucosal membranes necessitates the use of drug delivery systems. Pre-formed dextran microspheres [sephadex] possess a good potential for delivery of protein and peptide drugs to mucosal membranes. However they have rarely been used for mucosal immunization. Regards the advantages of mucosal over parenteral immunization and also the penetration enhancement potential of dextran microspheres, we examined their efficacy as mucosal antigen delivery system. Dextran microspheres loaded with tetanus toxoid [TT] were prepared by suspending microspheres in TT solution followed by freeze-drying. Size and morphological features of microspheres were studied by optical and electron microscopes. Encapsulation efficiency of TT was determined by micro-BCA protein assay. In vitro release study was performed in a model, simulating nasal cavity. Immunoreactivity of encapsulated antigen was assayed by ELISA. Gamma-scintigraphy [GS] was used for determination of mucoadhesion and clearance rate of microspheres, by spraying of technetiumlabelled microspheres to the nose of human volunteers. Local irritating potential of microspheres was studied by nasal administration to human nose. Microspheres with a mean diameter of about 150 micro m and a TT encapsulation efficiency of 20.3% [n=3] were obtained. Antigenicity of encapsulated TT was determined as 90.5+/-1.8% [n=3] that of the original TT. Release studies showed that almost 100% of TT was released in 1 h. GS studies showed that after 4 h, 36.9+/-3.4% [n=4] of microspheres were cleared from nasopharynx region of volunteers. Considering the suitable release characteristics, desirable preservation of the antigenic activity of TT, appropriate mucoadhesive properties and also safety of TT loaded Sephadex microspheres, these microspheres could be used as a proper mucosal antigen delivery system. However further studies are needed regarding the immune response induced by these systems in an animal model

[Formulation of Anti-Rh [D] immunoglobulin preparation]

Anti-D IgG is widely used to prevent liemolytic disease of the newborn. Maintenance of the structural integrity of this therapeutic protein is essential for its efficacy in relation to pliysiological and pharmacological activities. The aim of this study was to formulate the Anti-D IgG as a parenteral dosage form using suitable buffers and different stabilizing agents. Therefore, after purification, the Anti-D IgG preparation was firstly formulated in different buffers including citrate [pH 4.5], acetate [pH 5.9, and phosphate [pH 6.5 and 7.5] with the concentration of 10, 25, 50 and 100 mill. The formulations were then incubated at 5 7 degree C for 4th and the transmittance was measured at 580 nm. Among the different buffers, the acetate buffer with the concentration of 10 mM had the highest stability effect on the Anti-D IgG. Then, Glycine [Gly], polysorbate 80 and mannitol, in different concentrations were incorporated to the acetate buffer [pH 5.5, 10 mM] containing Anti-D IgG, as stabilizing agents and the stability was investigated as before. Among 16 formulations, the formulation containing Gly, 0.3 M; polysorbate 80, 0.1%; and mannitol 7% had the highest stability. The stability of the formulations was also studied according to British Pharmacopeia [BP] based 011 biological activity. The result indicated that the loss of Anti-D potency of the aforementioned formula is only 9.57 +/- 0.25% of initial value that meets the requirement set by BP. Conclusion could be made that this formula could be introduced as a candidate formulation of the Anti-D IgG as a parenteral dosage form