[Relationship between personality characteristics with self- care behavior and consequences of treatment in patients with Diabetes]

Introduction: Diabetic is one of the important inner disorder that mankind face with it beside arrange [Adjustment] of glucose [Blood Sugar] relation with self-care behavior in diabetic patient some characteristic personality. This research with assigning relation between characteristic and self-care behavior and it's out come in diabetic to perform

Methods: This research is descriptive correlation from prognosis sort statistical society of this research include type I and II diabetic that they went to clinic private in Tabriz city [2011] from age range from 30-80 that they don't have any other discos women and men that suffer [type I or II] Diabetes, 70person chose with available sampling useful tools in this method: brief Questionnaire about self-care in diabetic - short form of Questionnaire - characteristic of personality [NEO-Five Factor Inventory] Questionnaire that made by scholar and outcome of care that is performed for people who participate research paint with statistical analysis regression with several variable discovered

Results: This study showed that among personality characteristics with self protective behaviors' and remedy result, only the openness parameter could forecated the behaviors' such as butrition diet and practicing and sport outcome and the anxiety parameter could forecast the changes of foot control and its result, the conscientious parameter also could fore cast the nutrition diet out come. P<0.05

Conclusion: since the global incidence of diabetes has increased dramatically, based on findings recommended training and intervention programs in self-care behavior and some personality factors, especially the openness and conscientiousness may cause upgrade to patient s sense of control and acceptance of responsibility is to increasing the empowerment of patients

[Correlation between knowledge and satisfaction of patients from patient- physician relationship]

Introduction: Treatment of diseases is largely depended on the interaction between doctor and patient, and the result of cooperation with clinicians is rapid and successful treatment. Moreover, the relationship is one of the critical factors of the patients' satisfaction, especially next reference of patients. This study is aimed to determine the correlation between knowledge and satisfaction of patients from patient- physician relationship at the hospital affiliated to Tabriz University of Medical Sciences

Materials and Methods: This study has been done in descriptive-correlational method on 309 people who referred to 11 teaching hospitals and medical which covered by Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Data was gathered through three questionnaires of [Knowledge of Physician-Patient Relationship], [Satisfaction of Physician-Patient Relationship] and [Physician-Patient Relationship]. Validity of the questionnaires was approved by 3 experts and the reliability by calculating Cronbach's alpha [alpha=0.87, alpha =0.87, alpha =0.79]. Data analysis was performed by SPSS/16 and using the Pearson correlation coefficient, t-test and ANOVA

Findings: The mean score of knowledge and satisfaction of patients from physician-patient relationship was respectively, 2.09+/-0.5 and 6.58?34.08. Also, the average scores of correlation between physician and patient were 6.04+/-35.86, respectively. Significant correlation was observed between satisfaction levels of physician - patient relationship [P<0.01]. On the other hand, there wasn't a significant correlation between knowledge of physician- patient relationship and physician- patient relationship

Conclusion: The results of this study showed that patient' knowledge and satisfaction of physician-patients' relationship in Tabriz hospitals were high. It is recommended that a system to be designed to assess the relationship between physician and patient correctly until it give important information

[Effects of electrolyte balance and dietary protein levels on production performance and carcass parameters in broiler chickens exposed to heat stress]

Changing in protein level and electrolyte balance in diets can be useful in improvement of performance in broilers exposed to heat stress. This experiment was carried out to determine the effects of different levels of protein and electrolyte balance [DCAB] on performance and carcass traits in broiler exposed to heat stress. 486 Ross, one-day old broilers were used in a completely randomized design with a 3×3 factorial arrangement in triplicate for a treatment. For performing this, 9 diets were formulated according to NRC recommendation with 3 different protein levels [100, 90 and 80% of NRC recommendations] and electrolyte balance [200, 260 and 320meq/kg]. The birds were exposed to heat stress [34 +/- 3°C] for 8 hours [10:00 to 18:00]. Body weight gain in broilers fed containing 260meq/kg DCAB, were significantly [p<0.05] higher than those fed other levels of DCAB in other periods [starter, grower and total period]. The electrolyte balance had significant effect [p<0.05] on feed intake in grower period [14.63gr/day]. Dietary protein levels had no significant effect on body weight gain [BWG], feed intake [FI] and feed conversion ratio [FCR] in all periods. There was a significant interaction [p<0.05] between DCAB and protein levels on the BWG an FI [11.5 and 21.11gr/day]. Compared to DCAB 320meq/kg, the DCAB 200 and 260meq/kg significantly decreased FCR [0.15 and 0.2, respectively], but FCR did not affect by protein levels. Dietary DCAB had significant effect [p<0.05] on carcass yield [3.25%], breast [1.63%] and relative weights of liver [0.26%] and gizzard [0.56%], but had no significant effect on thigh, heart and abdominal fat. The lower protein level did not affect on carcass traits, with the exception of carcass yield. 260 meq/kg DCAB and medium 90% protein level of NRC recommendation in heat stress can be used

Leishmanicidal activity of films containing paromomycin and gentamicin sulfate both in vitro and in vivo

Based on the efficacy of paromomycin ointment and recent ongoing clinical trials of combination of paromomycin and gentamicin, a new physical form of films of the paromomycin and gentamicin was prepared and anti-Leishmania activities of the prepared films were assessed in vitro and in vivo. Paromomycin 15% and gentamicin 0.5% was incorporated in a film using ethyl cellulose and HPMC [Hydroxyl Propyl Methyl Cellulose]. In order to assess the drug release and anti-Leishmania activities of the preparation, a clone L. major parasite was established using a set of modified NNN medium without overaly liquid layer. Therapeutic effects of the films were evaluated using Balb/c mice model. The mice were inoculated with 2x10[6] L. major promastigotes [MRHO/IR/75/ER] and then when the lesions developed the mice were randomly divided in 3 groups, 10 mice per group, and treated with either perpetrated films or placebo for 28 days or left untreated. Growth inhibition of cloned promastigotes showed that the films have enough releasing capacity and in vivo system, the films containing paromomycin and gentamicin was able to reduce the lesion size and induced complete cure in 80% of the mice but relapse was seen in 60% of the cured mice and overall 50% cure rate was seen during 20 weeks period of the study. It seems that the prepared films might be further used in human clinical trials

IL-23 and IL-27 levels in macrophages collected from peripheral blood of patients with healing vs non-healing form of cutaneous leishmaniasis

In this study the level of IL-23 and IL-27 produced by macrophages derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cell culture collected from patients with healing or non-healing form of cutaneous leishmaniasis lesion were compared before and after treatment with live Leishmania to explore whether IL-23 or IL-27 plays any role in healing process of cutaneous lesions induced by L. major. Twenty patients resident in Isfahan Province, with healing or non-healing form of cutaneous leishmaniasis lesion caused by Leishmania major participated in this study. In vitro productions of IL-23 and IL-27 by peripheral blood derived macrophages, before and after stimulation with live L. major [MRHO/IR/75/ER] promastigotes were evaluated using ELISA method. Patient with healing form of lesion received no treatment and patient with non-healing form of lesion received at least 2 courses of glucantime. The mean production of IL-23 and IL-27 from macrophages of patients with healing form of lesion was significantly higher than patients with non-healing form of lesion. The levels of IL-23 and IL-27 in culture supernatants before and after stimulation in healing form of CL was significantly higher than non- healing form of CL [P < 0.001]. IL-23 and IL-27 might play a role in human leishmaniasis and further studies are needed to understand the role of IL-23 and IL-27 in leishmaniasis

[Emotion regulation strategies in substance abusers with high and low reactivity]

Reactivity and negative emotion regulation strategies increased the proboblity substance abuse. Also, those persons who could not control ones arousals probability endangared more risk of substance abuse. Comparison the emotion of regulation strategies between substance abusers with high and low reactivity. In this cross sectional and analytical study, 100 people were selected through census sample method among the substance abusers who were referred to centers of addiction in Ardabil. Data was gathered by emotion cognitive regulation Scale and Interpersonal Reactivity Index. MANOVA were used to analyze the data. The results of this study showed that substance abusers with high reactivity have negative emotion regulation strategies and substance abusers with low reactivity have positive emotion regulation strategies. This Study indicated that high reactivity and use of negative Emotion regulation strategies are the risk factors for substance abuse

[ relationship of fatigue and hostility with health in patients with coronary artery disease]

Fatigue and hostility can be influence quality of life in patients with coronary artery disease. Investigation the relationship of fatigue and hostility with quality of life in patients with coronary artery disease. The samples consisted of 60 coronary heart disease patients which were selected among all coronary artery disease persons who had referred to Heshmat Hospital in Rasht. For gathering data were used. Choreic Fatigue Scale, Hostility Scale and Health survey. Data was analysed by using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analyses. The results of Pearson correlation coefficient showed that fatigue [r=-.64] and hostility [r= -.25] are related to quality of life [P<0.05]. The results of multiple regression showed that physical fatigue, is the best significant contribute in prediction of quality of life in patients with coronary artery disease. These results are in keeping with findings from other studies and indicated that the role of fatigue and hostility in quality of life in patients with coronary artery disease

relationship of emotional responses and positive and negative symptoms with quality of life in schizophrenic patients

Schizophrenia is a chronic psychiatric disorder that were emotional responses and positive and negative symptoms role of playing in prognosis in schizophrenia. The studies results showed that emotional responses, positive and negative symptoms are important factors that impact quality of life in patients with schizophrenia. Determination the relationship of emotional responses, positive and negative symptoms with quality of life in schizophrenic patients.:This research was a descriptive correlation study. The Sample consisted of 100 patients with of schizophrenia who were selected among who were referred to Psychaitric Centers of Tehran. Collected with the Emotional Responses Scale, Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale and Quality of Life Scale were use. Data was analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analyses. The results of pearson correlation coefficients showed that positive emotional responses [r=0.02] positive symptoms [r=-0/04] and negative symptoms [r=-0.042] and related to are quality of life in schizophrenia patients [P <0.001]. The results of multiple regression showed that negative symptoms, had significant contribute in prediction of quality of life in schizophrenia patients. The results are in keeping with findings from other studies, the results indicated that role of positive emotional responses and positive and negative symptoms in quality of life of schizophrenia patients

relationship of social skills and self-efficacy with tendency to substance use in adolescents

Background and Purpose: There is a tendency in adolescents with poor social skills and low self-efficacy for substance use to tackle problems. The purpose of the present research was to determine the relationship of social skills and self-efficacy with the tendency for substance use in adolescents

Materials and Methods: This descriptive correlational study involved the population of first- and second-grade high school students in the vulnerable regions in Ardabil, Iran. The research sample consisted of 321 students from the vulnerable areas in Ardabil, Iran who were randomly selected for the study. Matson Social Skills Scale, Sherer's Self-efficacy Inventory, Scale of a Attitude towards Substance Use and Tendency to Substance Use Checklist were used for data collection. The obtained data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analyses in SPSS 14, with the significance level of 0.05

Results: The results showed the mean scores of social skills to be 132.15, Self-efficacy 81.85 and tendency to substance use 21.30. There were significant relationships between social skills [r=-0.57] and self- efficacy [r=-0.42] with tendency to substance use in adolescents. The results of multiple regression analysis indicated that aggression, nonsocial skills, general self-efficacy and appropriate social skills accounted for 47 percent of variance of tendency to substance use

Conclusion: Based on the findings, social skills and self-efficacy are related to tendency to substance use in adolescents

comparison between the mental health of mothers of exceptional children and mothers of normal children

The birth of a child is a pleasant process for parents, although it is associated with a lot of trouble and discomforties. Despite the difficulties, the hope of the child being normal and healthy usually creates a sense of confidence in them and they accept their child. However, as soon as they become aware of their child's disability, all their wishes and hopes turn into disappointment and then problems begin. The purpose of the present study was to find an answer the question of whether there is a difference between the mental health of mothers with exception to children and those with normal children. The sample of this study was selected randomly and consisted of 90 mothers of exceptional children [30 mentally disabled educable children, 30 blind and 30 deaf children], and 30 mothers of normal children, attending elementary schools in Ardebil. The instrument utilized was the 90-item SCL-90R and a causal comparative design was employed. Obtained revealed that on the whole, there is a significant difference between mothers of exceptional children and those of normal children [p<.05]. In addition, in terms of mental health, that is, depression, anxiety and psychoticism [p < .05], aggression [p<.001] and pathological fear [p < .001] significant differences exist. But in terms of somatizations, compulsions, reciprocal relationship sensitivity and paranoid ideation, no significant differences were obtained. Pair-wise comparisons showed that having a mentally disabled child affects the mental health of a mother more adversely than having a blind or a deaf child. The study revealed that the psychological well being of mothers of exceptional children is not as good as that of mothers of mentally normal but physically disabled children. Among the three groups of mothers studied, mothers of mentally disabled children enjoyed the lowest level of mental health

Effect of postoperative oxygen therapy on nausea and vomiting following cesarean section

One of the prophylactic methods in avoiding postoperative nausea and vomiting [PONV] is the application of intraoperative supplemental oxygen which was shown to have a protective effect in some studies yet a matter of controversy among different researchers. To study the effect of postoperative oxygen therapy on PONV. This quasi-experimental study was performed on 106 eligible patients subjected to elective cesarean section in 2003. The patients were randomly assigned into two groups. Anesthesia and drugs in intraoperative and postoperative periods were the same in two groups. In intraoperative period all patients inhaled 50% oxygen balanced with N [2]O. One group received 60% oxygen in postoperative period [study group], and a second group received routine care of 30-40 percent oxygen in recovery room and no oxygen on surgical ward [control group]. SPO [2] and PONV were recorded in recovery and surgical ward. PONV was 28.3% and 24.5% in study and control groups, respectively. There was no significant difference between two groups. Our study suggests that postoperative application of 60% oxygen was of no value to produce preventive effect on PONV in patients undergoing cesarean section

[ study of the extent of men's violence against women and its related variables among families inhabited in Ardabil city]

Violence in family is one of the family phenomena, which is considered by researchers. Therefore, the main aim of this paper is achieving the extent of men's violence against women and its related variables among families of Ardabil city. Achieving the aims of the study 400 families [including husbands and wives] were selected by double cluster sampling method. Correlation and survey research method have been used due to the research nature; and instruments of collecting data consisted Zigmond and Snit Tests for testing anxiety and depression, Kambril and Riji Assertiveness Test, Izing 57-question, and researcher own made questionnaire. The results showed psychological violence, social violence, and physical violence respectively in%55.5,%30,%28.5 of families. In addition, men's violence against women is related with some demography variables such as women's education, social class of family, income and literacy of men as well as psychological variables such as anxiety, depression, and assertiveness of men and women. Considering the results it is necessary that the families take cognizance of coping styles with life challenges so can replace quiescence with violence and other emotional conditions in families by control of violence, anxiety, and depression as well as obviate of other problems of life

study on captivity period's stresses and coping styles in a group of iranian prisoners of war

This article deals with the study of the stresses among a group of Iranian POWs during their captivity in the hands of Iraqi forces and their coping styles under such circumstances. Meanwhile achieving relationships between their period of captivity with their military rank, the way of being held captive, matrimony status is the main objective of this study. Thus 100 POWs-inhabitants of Tehran were selected by simple random sampling. Data gathering instruments included a 31-question inventory and a check list of stress experiences as well as checklist of coping styles. The results indicated that malnutrition, witnessing inflections of fellow prisoners, being threatened, and growing ill, were the main stress events of captivity period. Meanwhile, praying as well as remembering the past joyful experiences were the positive coping methods and also depression, withdrawal, self-absorption, and having a headache were the negative coping methods that were commonly used by POWs

[Assessment of canal configuration in mandibular anterior teeth extracted in the city of Isfahan and patients treated in endodontics department of Isfahan Faculty of Dentistry]

Background and aim: recognizing canal configuration is necessary for a correct endodontic therapy and lack of information about canal configuration leads to failure in therapy. Since one of the most effective factors in caral configuration is race, an in in vitro and in vivo study was conducted in the city of Isfahan. The aim of this study was to recognize different canal configurations of mandibular anterior teeth and compare the clinical and laboratory results

Materials and Methods: in the laboratory study [In vitro], 314 mandibular anterior teeth were selected and then cleared. The cleared canine teeth were also studied by sectional method. The number of roots and their canals, according to the existing orifices, were recognized. In the clinical study [In vivo], 415 radiographs of mandibular anterior teeth treated in graduate and under graduate departments of Isfahan University Faculty of Dentistry were selected and studied. Finally, the results of two methods were analyzed and compared

Results: In the clearing [In vitro] method, out of 100 mandibular centrals with one root, caral configurations, based on weine classification, were type I [% 69], type II [% 27], type IV [% 4] and type III was not observed. Out of 103 mandibular laterals with one root, canal configurations were type I [% 85.43], type II [%13.59], and type IV [%0.98] and type III was not observed. Out of III mandibular canines, 2 of them had two toots and 109 had one root, canal configurations in this tooth were type I [% 91], type II [% 4.5], type III [% l.8] and type IV [%2.70]. Canal configuration in this tooth by sectional method was type I [% 88.3], type I1 [%7.2], type III [%1.8] and type IV [% 2.7]. In the clinical [In vivo] method, out of 146 mandibular centrals with one root, canal configurations were type 1 [% 78.68], type I1 [%10.95], and type III [%1.37], and type IV was not observed. Out of 115 mandibular laterals with one root, canal configurations in this tooth were type I [% 82.60], type I1 [% 14.79] and type I11 [962.61]. Out of 154 mandibular canines, all of them had one root, canal configurations were type I [%95.45], type II [% 2.60], type III [%1.30] and type IV [%0.65]

Conclusion: the results of this study were different from those of other researches, which could be caused by factors such as race and method. Moreover, the clinical results were different from the laboratory ones, possibly resulting from more precise laboratory studies. Additionally, considering high percentage of two canals in lower anterior teeth, more attention for the detection of the second canal, is recommended