Assessment of two natural marine toxins [Microcystis Aeruginosa and Parasicyonis Actinostoloides] for the control of some medical and agriculture insects with reference to the action on mice

This work described the insecticidal potentiality from Microcystis aeruginosa [cyanobacteria] and Parasicyonis actinostoloides [Sea anemone] water extracts against third larval instar of medical insects [Musca domestics and Culex pipiens] and fourth larval instar of agriculture insects [Spodoptera littoralis and Agrotis ipsilon]. The LD50s of M. aeruginosa extract were 1.94, 2.33, 7.59 and 9.10 mg/ml for M. Domestica, C. pipiens, S. Littoralis and A. Ipsilon, respectively. However, LD50s of P. actinostoloides extract were 19.28, 24.7, 27.3 and 29.4 mg/ml for M. domestics, C. pipiens, S. littoralis and A. ipsilon, respectively. The aqueous extracts of M. aeruginosa and P. actinostoloides had no acute or chronic marked effect on mice as serum acetyl cholinesterase and gave more or less nearly the same level of AchE activity at the end of decapitation periods

Efficacy of baysir-8514 and precoccene ll against the grey flesh fly parasarcophaga dux [thomson] [diptera: sarcophagidae]

Five doses [1, 0.5, 0.25, 0.125 and 0.0625] of the chitin inhibitor Baysir-8514 and anti-juvenoid precocene II were topically applied to the third larval instar of the grey flesh fly Parasarcophaga dux. Toxicity of both compounds was recorded against different developmental stages at different dose levels. The lowest dose [0.0625] of both compounds caused a low toxicity% [0.1]. On the other hand, the highest dose [1 mg] increased the larval, pupal and adult malformations after larval treatment by both compounds. Highest percentage of larval deformations was obtained by the maximal dose- level [1 mg], which in turn did not lead to the highest percentage of adult deformations. Shortening of larval-pupal durations and adult longevities were observed. Sterilizing action of precocene II on P. dux could be remarkably detected by the effect of higher doses [0.5 and 1%] on the 3rd larval instar, because no larvae were deposited by the emerging adult females. Doses of 0.125 and 0.0625 mg inhibited the female natality developmental stages

insecticidal activity of cyanobacteria against four insects, two of medical importance and two agricultural pests with reference to the action on albino mice

Acute lethal toxicity of Cyanobacteria [blue-green algae] was investigated against 3rd larval stages of Musca domestica and Culex pipiens and 4th larval stages of Spodoptera littoralis and Agrotis ipsilon. The LD50s were 1.94, 2.33, 7.59 and 9.10 mug for M. domestica, C. Pipiens, S. Littoralis and A. ipsilon, respectively. The slope functions were 4.045 +/- 0.332 [M. domestica], 4.122 +/- 0.336 [C. Pipiens], 4.15 +/- 0.35 [S. littoralis] and 3.72 +/- 0.34 [A. ipsilon]. These LD50s markedly affected the larval, pupal and adult time of durations as well as suppressed the oviposition of the survivor adults. The LD50 did not show any marked effect as serum acetyl cholinesterase and gave nearly the same level of AchE activity. No doubt, Cyanobacteria are safe and promising agent for insect control

High performance liquid chromatography and spectrophotometric determination of cefotaxime sodium in pure and dosage form

Two rapid and sensitive independent procedures have been described for the determination of cefotaxime sodium in bulk powder and in pharmaceutical dosage form. The HPLC determination was carried out on an isocratic reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic technique which involves the use of synchropak R.P. [5 mum] column [25 cm X 4.6 mm I.D.] and a mobile phase composed of 5% v/v acetonitrile-95% v/v 0.01 M sodium acetate pH 5 with flow rate 0.75 ml/min. and UV detection at 254 nm. The colorimetric method was based on the formation of a color by the boiling of cefotaxime sodium with sodium vanadate solution in sulfuric acid medium for 10 minutes. The absorbance of the color developed is measured at 758 nm. The calibration graph for both methods were rectilinear over the ranges 2.5-15 mug and 10-80 mug for the HPLC and colorimetric methods with percentage recovery 100.17 +/- 0.43 and 99.66 +/- 0.526, respectively. Claforan vials as pharmaceutical formulation was assayed by the developed proposed procedures. The results showed no significant differences between both methods as compared to reported spectrophotometric method with respect to precision and accuracy by a statistical analysis of the data using both F and t-tests

role of enzymatic induction and inhibition on the pathological finding of paracetamol induced hepatic toxicity

The effect of phenobarbital, D.D.T. and cobaltous chloride on paracetamol induced hepatic toxicity in rats were studied. The study was conducted in two parts; in the first acute toxic doses were given and in the second longer term administration of lower doses were used. Drugs were given separately and concomitantly with paracetamol to western white rats. The pathological changes were studied and indicated that phenobarbital and D.D.T. have a potentiative toxic effect with paracetamol, while cobaltous chloride has a protective effect for liver tissue insulted with paracetamol, this action is more obvious in the chronic type of toxicity. These findings suggest that the hepatotoxicity induced by paracetamol is mainly due to its metabolites and the microsomal drug metabolism plays an important role in this induced hepatic cell injury