Physiological and histopathological studies on bisphenol-a compound as xenoestrogen in male albino rats

Xenoestrogens are compounds like estrogens in effect but not in structure which are mimicking the action of endogenous estrogen and activate estrogen receptor. Xenoestrogens are chemically distinct industrial products potentially able to disrupt the endocrine system by mimicking the action of endogenous steroid hormones. Among such compounds, the ubiquitous environmental contaminants bisphenol-A [BPA] may promote adverse effects in humans triggering estrogenic signals in target tissues. Bisphenol- A is widely used in food and drinks packaging. The present study is carrying out to evaluate the effect of bisphenol-A on sexual hormonal pattern in male albino rats. 64 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats [100-120 g] were divided to four groups [16 rats/group].Group [1]: control group without any treatment. Group[2]: positive control group was injected subcutaneously [s.c] with sesame oil daily. Group [3]: received BPA daily with low dose [10 mg/kg/day s.c]. Group [4]: received BPA daily with high dose [30 mg/kg/day s.c]. The experiment durated 30 days, half rats of each group were sacrificed after 15 days of treatment and the other half of groups after 30 days. The blood was collected, serum was separated and used for estimation of [hormonal levels, prolactin, gonadotrophin and testosterone] and some biochemical parameters [liver enzymes, kidney function, protein and lipid profile]. Testis, liver and kidney were taken for the histopathological examination. Biochemical results showed significant elevation in prolactin and FSH levels and significant reduction in LH and testosterone levels in all groups compared to the control group. Increased serum enzymes [ASAT, ALATand ALP] levels with increased concentration of urea and creatinine were detected in all the treated groups compared to the control group. Decline in protein profile and elevation in the concentration of lipid profile, while HDL was decreased in all the treated groups. Histopathological results showed dystrophic changes in the form of congestion in the blood vessels of the testis, liver and kidney of rats with thickening of walls of the blood vessels especially in the testis. In liver, focal inflammatory areas, with dilated and congested central and portal veins were found. Vacuolar degenerative changes in hepatocytes were seen. In the kidney, mild nephritis, sclerotic changes in glomerular tuft, hyaline casts in the lumen of epithelial cells which lining convoluted tubule were noticed. From the previous results we concluded that bisphenol-A has dangerous effects on the testis, liver and kidney tissues. Also it disrupted sexual hormonal pattern and affect biochemical and lipid parameters. So, we recommended minimizing the utililizing of these compound to protect people from its hazardous effects

Study of antioxidant effect of selenium on female rats treated with contraceptives or estrogen replacement therapy

Selenium is an essential trace mineral in the human body. it is an important part of antioxidant enzymes [Glutathione peroxidase] that protects cells against the effect of free radicals. Contraceptives are capable of inhibiting ovulation and successfully control fertility. Estrogen replacement therapy [ERT] is a wide spread treatment in postmenopausal women to alleviate climatic complaints. It has also been applied in the prevention of osteoporosis. The present study aims to follow-up antioxidant enzymes status of normal adult and ovariectomized female albino rats treated with contraceptive. Selenium was orally administered in therapeutic dose of 50 micro g/kg.b.wt/day, oral contraceptives [estrogen 0.54 and progesterone 2.7 micro g/kg.b.wt/day] and intramuscular injection of ERT 90 micro g/kg.b.wt/day for 30 days. Repeated medication with selenium caused very highly significant increase in super-oxide dismutase [SOD], reduced glutathione [GSH], glutathione reductase [GSH-R], glutathione S-transferase [GST] and glutathione peroxidase [GSH-PX] and decline in lipid peroxidation [LPO]. Contraceptives and ERT caused significant reduction in SOD, GSH, GSH-R, GST, GSH-PX and significant increase in LPO. When selenium was administered with contraceptive or with ERT, a slight increase was noticed in the different antioxidant parameters studied except for LPO which recorded a significant decrease.

Effect of selenium on lipid profile of rats treated with contraceptives or certain hormone replacement therapy

Selenium play a vital part in many metabolic functions while new researches increasingly suggest it is relevance to disease prevention. Contraceptive are capable of inhibiting ovulation and successfully controlling fertility. Estrogen is a wide spread treatment in post menopousal women to alleviate climatic complaints. The present study planned to achieve three goals. First one: aims to investigate some biochemical study on lipid content and side effect that occur from repeated administration of drugs [selenium, contraceptive and estrogen replacement therapy] in experimental animals. Follow up the effect on repeated administration [accumulation doses] of contraceptive on rats. Second the effect of selenium on antioxidant to amelioration any hardard effects if present. Third of them of lipid profile. Selenium was orally administered in therapeutic dose [50 micro g/kg/day], contraceptive [estrogen 540 micro g/kg/day, progesterone 2.7 micro g/kg/day] and estrogen replacement therapy [90 micro g/kg/day] to adult female albino rats ovarectomized female rats for 30 days. Repeated medication with Selenium caused significant reduction in total lipid [T.L], Triglycerid, [T.G.], total cholesterol [T.Ch.], HDL, cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and serum estradiol. Contraceptives and estrogen replacement therapy revealed very highly significant increase in T.L, T.G. T.Ch, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and estradiol When selenium was administered with contraceptives or estrogen replacement therapy, noticeable amelioration was recorded in lipid profile a slight increase was noticed in the different studied lipid parameters.

Biochemical profiles in hepatomegalic patients with and without diabetes

Fasting blood glucose, insulin, enzymes [alkaline phosphatase and S.G.P.T.], Lipids [cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids] total protein and electrophoretic fractions were measured in 20 hepatomegalic non-diabetic and 29 diabetic patients with hepatomegaly. Twenty healthy subjects without evidence of diabetes or hepatomegaly were taken as controls. Significant increases of serum alkaline phosphatase and alpha-1, alpha-2 and total globulins were found in the hepatomgalic non-diabetic patients, while albumin was significantly decreased. They were further compared with 29 diabetic patients with hepatomegaly, the hepatomegalic diabetics had significantly higher glucose, alkaline phosphatase, S.G.P., cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids and lower alpha-1 globulin than the hepatomegalic non-diabetics

effect of clomiphene citrate on serum gonadotrophins in female albino rats

The influence of different dose levels of the known antiestrogen [Clomiphene citrate] on serum gonadotrophin was investigated in 200 adult female albino rats. Four test groups of animals and a control group [40 animals each] were used in the course of this study. The compound was given orally for a period of 30 days at different dose levels of 1, 10, 100 and 200 micro g/rat respectively for the different groups. The animals were then sacrificed at different time intervals and blood samples were collected for FSH and LH estimation using radioimmunoassay technique. It has been found that the levels of serum FSH and LH were dependent on the dose of clomiphene citrate administered. Low doses of the compound increased serum FSH and LH levels while high doses resulted in decreased levels of both FSH and LH

Characterization of rabbit anti-ovine prolactin sera used in a radioimmuno-assay

Three anti-sera to ovine prolactin were prepared through immunisation in rabbits. The prepared anti-sera were characterized for their titre and inhibition curves to be used for radioimmunological assay for human prolactin. One of the prepared anti-ovine prolactin [anti-Opr] serum at a dilution of 1/60.000 showed a parallelism to anti-ovine prolactin serum No. 770 at a final dilution of 1/72.000