Colorimetric determination of non-steroidal estrogen level modifiers

Two simple, accurate and precise methods are described for the determination of some non-steroidal estrogen level modifiers in pure powder form and pharmaceutical dosage forms. The firs method is based on the reduction of ferric phenanthrolene [ferriin] to ferroin by Tamoxifen citrate [I] or Clomiphene citrate [II]. The obtained ferroin chelate has an orange red color [[lambda][max] 510.5nm] measurable in concentration ranges of 2-9 micro g/ml and 1-7 micro g/ml for I and II, respectively. The second method is based on charge-transfer complexation between 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone [DDQ] as electron acceptor and [I] or Raloxifene hydrochloride [III] as the electron donors. The produced red color can be measured at [lambda][max] 458.5 nm in the concentration ranges of 40-280 micro g/ml and 80-320 micro g/ml for I and III, in orders. Different factors affecting the color formation have been studied and optimized and the proposed methods were successfully applied for the determination of the named drugs in their pharmaceutical formulations

Double posterior communicating artery as a cause of oculomotor nerve palsy

Amongst clinicians the diagnostic approach differs to patients presenting with isolated third cranial nerve palsy. Some issues remain controversial and the management of this condition is a challenge. In a 38-year-old male presenting with pupil-involving oculomotor nerve palsy [internal dysfunction] the cause was found to be a double posterior communicating artery; a very rare cause of third nerve palsy

Simultaneous determination of hydrochlorothiazide in combination with amiloride HCI or with spironolactone

Spectrophotometric and spectro-densitometric methods were used for the analysis of mixtures of hydrochlorothiazide with amiloride HCl or with spironolatone. In the spectrophotometric methods, the zero crossing of the second derivative spectrum was used for the determination of hydrochlorothiazide and amiloride HCl mixture at 252 nm and 387 nm, respectively, while, derivative ratio method was used for determination of hydrochlorothiazide and spironolactone mixture at [269 nm and 280 nm] and [237 nm and 246 nm], respectively. The proposed densitometric and spectrophotometric methods were applied to the analysis of laboratory prepared mixtures and pharmaceutical dosages forms containing hydrochlorothiazide with amiloride HCl or with spironolactone, and satisfactory results were obtained