ABSTRACT
Objective: To develop a tool to evaluate faculty perceptions of assessment quality in an undergraduate medical program
Methods: The Assessment Implementation Measure [AIM] tool was developed by a mixed method approach. A preliminary questionnaire developed through literature review was submitted to a panel of 10 medical education experts for a three-round 'Modified Delphi technique'. Panel agreement of > 75% was considered the criterion for inclusion of items in the questionnaire. Cognitive pre-testing of five faculty members was conducted. Pilot study was done with 30 randomly selected faculty members. Content validity index [CVI] was calculated for individual items [I-CVI] and composite scale [S-CVI]. Cronbach's alpha was calculated to determine the internal consistency reliability of the tool
Results: The final AIM tool had 30 items after the Delphi process. S-CVI was 0.98 with the S-CVI/Avg method and 0.86 by S-CVI/UA method, suggesting good content validity. Cut-off value of < 0.9 I-CVI was taken as criterion for item deletion. Cognitive pre-testing revealed good item interpretation. Cronbach's alpha calculated for the AIM was 0.9, whereas Cronbach's alpha for the four domains ranged from 0.67 to 0.80
Conclusions: 'AIM' is a relevant and useful instrument with good content validity and reliability of results, and may be used to evaluate the teachers' perceptions about assessment quality
Subject(s)
Humans , Educational Measurement/methods , Education, Medical, Undergraduate , Validation Studies as TopicABSTRACT
Purpose of the study was to know the relative frequencies of different morphological disease patterns in patients of cervical lymphadenopathy by FNAC. A descriptive cross sectional study. Surgery and Pathology department of Pakistan Railway teaching Hospital Rawalpindi from January 2005 to October 2011. Results of fine needle aspiration cytology of patients with enlarged cervical lymphnodes was recorded. Total number of patients was 150. The male to female ratio was 1.3:1 [86 males and 64 females]. The maximum patients were in 11-20 years [40%], followed by 21-30 years [20%]. The youngest patient was 4 Years and the oldest was 67 years. The FNAC showed chronic granulomatous inflammation suggestive of tuberculosis [43%] as the commonest pathology, followed by reactive hyperplasia [39%], nonspecific lymphadenitis [9%], lymphoma, [5%], and metastatic carcinoma [4%]. All patients with enlarged cervical lymph nodes should be thoroughly investigated. FNAC is a reliable diagnostic tool in evaluation of lymphadenopathy. Chronic granulomatous inflammation suggesting tuberculosisis one of the major causes of enlarged cervical lymphnodes in our country
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Present study was carried out to find out the frequency of oral biopsies reported at the Railway Hospital, Rawalpindi and to compare it with worldwide literature. Patient data were retrieved from Jan 2007 to May 2012 from the record files of the histopathology department at railway hospital and analyzed using SPSS version 17. Of the total 114 cases the majority of the patients were in their 5[th] and 6[th] decades of life with no gender predilection as male to female ratio was 1.1:1. Major categories of lesions reported were malignant neoplasms [n=40], inflammatory lesions [n-21] and reactionary lesions [n=14]. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most commonly reported malignant lesion making it an emerging threat to the community, with decreasing prognostic potential as the age of the patient increased
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To determine the prevalence of adenomyosis in hysterectomy specimens and to correlate it with age, parity and associated pathologies. Descriptive Study. This study was carried out at the pathology department, Railway hospital, Islamic International Medical College trust Rawalpindi, from Jan 2008-Dec, 2010. Two hundreds and four hysterectomy specimens were included in the study. Standard histological techniques were followed and at least three sections were taken from the uterine wall. Adenomyosis was diagnosed if endometrial glands and stroma were found at least one low-power field away from the endometrial-myometrial junction. Out of 204 hysterectomy specimens received in the pathology laboratory during three year study period 47 [23%] had adenomyosis. The age of patients with adenomyosis ranged from 32-64 years, a significantly higher prevalence being reported in those aged 40-59 years. A high prevalence of adenomyosis was found in multiparous women. No adenomyosis was found in nulliparous women. The analysis of other pathological entities [one or more in a single specimen], associated with adenomyosis showed uterine leiomyomas in 16 [34%], endometrial hyperplasia in 4 [8.5%] and endometrial polyps in 2 [4.2%] women. Adenomyosis is commonly found in multiparous women. Definite association with fibroids, endometrial polyps and endometrial hyperplasia cannot be established
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To review cervical smear results in women of reproductive age group. Descriptive study. This study was carried out at the pathology department, Railway hospital, lslamic lnternational Medical College Trust. Rawalpindi, from Jan 2007-Dec 2010. A total of four hundred and seventy seven cervical smears were included in the study. lnclusion criteria was females of reproductive age group. Smears from postmenopausal women and those who had hysterectomy were excluded from the study. The cervical smear was taken using modified Ayres wooden spatula, or plastic spatula, to collect endocervical sample. The slides prepared were immediately fixed in 95% ethyl alcohol, and were subsequently stained by the recommended procedure of Pap staining. After staining, the slides were mounted with Canada balsam and finally reported by the cytopathologist according to the Bethesda System. Four hundred and seventy seven patients were included in the study. Most of the patients belonged to low socio economic status. The cytological examination of the smears showed inflammatory changes in 33% [n=159] cases, normal smears/ no positive finding in 25% [n= 118] cases, while reactive changes were seen in 2% [n= 10]. Dysplastic changes were seen in 2% [n= 10], while unsatisfactory/ lnadequate samples were reported in 38%[n=182] cases.
ABSTRACT
1] To report a very rare condition of conjoined twining in fetus in fetu in an infant. From literature it appears to be the 4th case being reported. 2] To emphasize the importance of proper examination of the fetus in fetu grossly by doing extensive dissection, radiologically and detailed histological tissue examination from several sites. Design: Detailed report of an unusual intra-abdominal mass in an infant. Setting: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children Hospital, PIMS, Islamabad. Successfully treated with surgical removal and interesting diagnosis emerged. Twin fetus in fetu [FIF] is a very rare anomaly due to an abnormal embryogenesis of fetus during pregnancy. Malformed fetus grows in the body of co-twin and it is frequently detected as an abdominal mass. There is no clear distinction between the term of FIF and fetiform teratoma [FT]. We are reporting a case in which a girl was referred as a case of nephroblastoma but at operation and on detailed examination of the specimen it turned out to be a case of twin fetus in fetu
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Twins, Conjoined , Review , Infant , TwinsABSTRACT
we are reporting an unusual case of a tumor in early infancy causing complete urinary obstruction. The patient was an infant with external signs of neurofibromatosis who presented with acute urinary retention prostatic rhabdomyosarcoma and was managed by total cystectomy and urinary diversion