Velocidade de Onda de Pulso de 8,2m/s como Limiar Associado à Presença de Lesão de Órgão Alvo Cardiovascular / Pulse Wave Velocity of 8.2 m/s as a Threshold Associated with Cardiovascular Target Organ Damage Presence

Resumo Fundamento Estudos prévios estabeleceram valores de normalidade e de referência da Velocidade de Onda de Pulso (VOP). Porém, qual valor de VOP que apresenta a associação mais forte com biomarcadores cardiovasculares ainda é pouco conhecido. Objetivo Identificar o valor de VOP com maior possibilidade de estar associado com hipertrofia ventricular esquerda (HVE), aumento da espessura íntima-média carotídea (EIMC), e presença de placas carotídeas em pacientes hipertensos. Métodos Este é um estudo transversal de 119 pacientes. Análise de curvas características de operação do receptor (ROC) foi realizada para cada biomarcador cardiovascular. A diferença estatística foi estabelecida em p<0,05. Resultados Segundo análises das curvas ROC, valores de VOP de 8,1m/s para HVE, 8,2m/s para EMIC aumentada e 8,7m/s para a presença de placa carotídea foram encontrados, respectivamente. O valor de VOP de 8,2m/s foi definido como melhor o parâmetro para encontrar os três biomarcadores de LOA. A VOP acima de 8,2m/s associou-se ao aumento da EMIC (p = 0,004), à presença de placas carotídeas (p = 0,003) e à HVE (p < 0,001). A VOP acima de 8,2m/s apresentou maior sensibilidade para EMIC aumentada (AUC = 0,678, sensibilidade 62,2), HVE (AUC = 0,717, sensibilidade 87,2), e presença de placas (AUC = 0,649, sensibilidade 74,51) na análise das curvas ROC. Conclusão O valor de 8,2m/s de VOP foi mais sensível em identificar, precocemente, a existência de biomarcadores cardiovasculares de LOA.

Abstract Background Previous studies have established normal and reference values for Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV). However, the PWV value that has the strongest association with cardiovascular biomarkers remains poorly understood. Objective This study aimed to determine the PWV value more likely to be associated with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), increased intima-media thickness (IMT), and presence of carotid plaques in patients with hypertension. Methods This cross-sectional study included 119 patients. Analysis of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves was performed for each cardiovascular biomarker. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results According to the ROC curve analysis, the PWV values were 8.1 m/s, 8.2 m/s, and 8.7 for the LVH, IMT, and presence of carotid plaques, respectively. A PWV value of 8.2 m/s was identified as the best parameter to determine the three TOD biomarkers. PWV above 8.2 m/s was associated with increased CIMT (p = 0.004) and the presence of carotid plaques (p = 0.003) and LVH (p<0.001). PWV above 8.2 showed greater sensitivity for increased CIMT (AUC = 0.678, sensitivity = 62.2), LVH (AUC = 0.717, sensitivity = 87.2), and the presence of plaques (AUC = 0.649, sensitivity = 74.51) in the ROC curve analysis. Conclusion The PWV value 8.2 m/s was more sensitive in early identifying the existence of cardiovascular biomarkers of TOD.

Exploratory factor analysis for differentiating sensory and mechanical variables related to muscle-tendon unit elongation

ABSTRACT Background Stretching exercises are able to promote adaptations in the muscle-tendon unit (MTU), which can be tested through physiological and biomechanical variables. Identifying the key variables in MTU adaptations is crucial to improvements in training. Objective To perform an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) involving the variables often used to evaluate the response of the MTU to stretching exercises. Method Maximum joint range of motion (ROMMAX), ROM at first sensation of stretching (FSTROM), peak torque (torqueMAX), passive stiffness, normalized stiffness, passive energy, and normalized energy were investigated in 36 participants during passive knee extension on an isokinetic dynamometer. Stiffness and energy values were normalized by the muscle cross-sectional area and their passive mode assured by monitoring the EMG activity. Results EFA revealed two major factors that explained 89.68% of the total variance: 53.13% was explained by the variables torqueMAX, passive stiffness, normalized stiffness, passive energy, and normalized energy, whereas the remaining 36.55% was explained by the variables ROMMAX and FSTROM. Conclusion This result supports the literature wherein two main hypotheses (mechanical and sensory theories) have been suggested to describe the adaptations of the MTU to stretching exercises. Contrary to some studies, in the present investigation torqueMAX was significantly correlated with the variables of the mechanical theory rather than those of the sensory theory. Therefore, a new approach was proposed to explain the behavior of the torqueMAX during stretching exercises.

Impacto da prevenção de incapacidades em hanseníase: correlação entre diagnóstico e alta / Impact of disabilities prevention in leprosy: Correlation between diagnosis and discharge of treatment

Os objetivos deste trabalho foram identificar os índices de detecção e prevalência da hanseníase em Bragança Paulista - SP, no período de 1999 a 2006, delineando o predomínio da forma da doença e comparar os graus de incapacidades notificados no diagnóstico e na alta do tratamento. As informações foram coletadas em prontuários, fichas de notificação do SINAN e DATASUS (n=171). Foram realizadas análises qualitativas e quantitativas usando o teste Qui-quadrado (p≤0,01).Foram analisados 171 prontuários e nestes, foi observado que apenas 47% dos pacientes tinham sido avaliados no diagnóstico e na alta. A investigação dos graus de incapacidade dos pacientes avaliados no diagnóstico e na alta mostrou que no olho direito 10,4% apresentaram piora e 34,8% dos pacientes com incapacidades no diagnóstico melhoraram (p=0). No olho esquerdo, 8,6% apresentaram piora e 39,1% dos pacientes com grau I ou II no diagnóstico melhoraram (p=0). Na mão direita, 9,4% apresentaram piora e 18,7% dos que apresentavam grau I ou II melhoraram (p=0). Na mão esquerda, 7,7% pioraram e 37,5% dos que eram grau I ou II apresentaram melhora (p=0). Em pé direito, 20% apresentaram piora no quadro de incapacidades e 30,3% dos que apresentaram grau I ou II no diagnóstico melhoraram (p=0). No pé esquerdo, 28,6% pioraram e 28,2% dos que apresentavam grau I ou II melhoraram (p=0). Os pacientes avaliados no diagnóstico e na alta tiveram reduções significativas nos graus de incapacidades em olhos, mãos e pés na alta, sugerindo que ações de prevenção podem ter impacto na prevenção de incapacidades.

The aim of this study was to identify the detection ratesand prevalence of leprosy in the Bragança Paulista city (SP) in the period 1999-2006, outlining the predominant form of the disease, and comparing the degree of dis-ability reported in the diagnosis and end treatment. In-formation was collected from medical records, in the notification records in the SINAN and DATASUS databas-es (n=171). Were performed qualitative and quantitative analyses using the chi-square test (p ≤ 0.01).171 records were analyzed, only 47% of these patients had been evaluated at diagnosis and discharged as cured. The investigation of the degree of disability of patients evaluated at diagnosis and discharge, showed that in the right eye 10.4% worsened and 34.8% of patients with disabilities in the diagnosis improved (p = 0). In the left eye, 8.6% worsened and 39.1% of patients with grade I or II in diagnosis improved (p = 0). On the right hand, 9.4% worsened and 18.7% of those with grade I or II improved (p = 0). In his left hand, 7.7% worsened and 37.5% of which were grade I or II showed improvement (p = 0). In the right foot, 20% showed worsening under disability and 30.3% of those with grade I or II in diagnosis improved (p = 0). In the left foot, 28.6% worsened and 28.2% of those with grade I or II improved (p = 0). The patients evaluated in the diagnosis and discharge had significant reductions in degrees of disability in the eyes, hands and feet, suggesting that preventive actions can have an impact on prevention of disabilities.

Hemorragia Pós-parto / Postpartum hemorrhage

A hemorragia pós-parto (HPP) constitui a complicação obstétrica com maior índice de mortalidade materna em todo o mundo. Até 90% desses óbitos podem ser evitados com cuidado médico adequado. Este trabalho objetiva a atualização da classificação e diagnóstico da HPP com o intuito de tornar o conhecimento adequado quanto às medidas preventivas e a instituição da terapêutica em tempo hábil e de forma eficaz.

The postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is the obstetric complication with the largest maternal mortality rate all over the world. Motivated by the estimate that up to 90% of those deaths could be avoided by appropriate medical care, this work aims at supplying the professionals in charge of the attendance of the delivering women general knowledge on how to proceed before HPP situation, reducing the maternal morbimortality. It is a bibliographical revision accomplished by scientific articles obtained through searches in portals recognized in the academic-scientific group that approaches some of the definitions of PPH accepted currently, its classification and diagnosis. The knowledge of the risk factors makes possible to the assistance team to take preventive measures and to be prepared to institute the therapeutic measures, in case it is necessary, in skilled time and in an effective way. It is hoped that the correct intervention in the cases leads to a reduction of the maternal morbimortality due to that condition, something not just desirable, but feasible.

Hemorragia pós-parto por atonia uterina: relato de caso / Postpartum hemorrhage due to uterine atony: case report

A hemorragia pós-parto representa emergência obstétrica que surge em 4 a 6% dos partos, constituindo-se uma das principais causas de morte materna. No pós-parto imediato, as etiologias mais frequentes são: a atonia uterina, a presença de lacerações do canal de parto, a retenção de restos placentários e os distúrbios de coagulação. Este artigo apresenta o relato de uma paciente com hemorragia uterina no pós-parto imediato, submetida a histerectomia subtotal devido à atonia uterina refratária ao tratamento clínico.

Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is an obstetric emergency that arises in 4 to 6% of births. It is a major cause of maternal morbidity. In the immediate postpartum period, the most common etiologies are: uterine atony; trauma-related bleeding due to lacerations of the birth canal, incisions or uterine rupture; retention of placenta remains; and coagulation disorders. This article is the case report of a patient with uterine bleeding in the immediate postpartum period, who underwent subtotal hysterectomy due to uterine atony not controlled with medical treatment.

Effect of chemical denture cleansers on flexural resistance and color changes of microwave-polymerized acrylic resins

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the flexural resistance and color alterations of microwave-polymerized acrylic resins immersed in denture cleansers for different periods of time. Methods: Forty-five rectangular specimens (65x10x3mm) of each commercial brand of the microwave-activated acrylic resins (Vipi Wave and Onda Cryl) were divided in three denture cleanser groups (Bony Plus, Corega Tabs and Efferdent Plus) and a control group (immersion in water). Soaking trials of 15 min and 8 h simulated 30 days of use. The flexural strength test was carried out in a universal testing machine. Color alterations were assessed by visual inspection of photographs. The results obtained in the flexural test, in kgf, were converted to MPa and these values were submitted to analysis of variance with a 5% significance level. Results: There were no significant differences (p<0.05) between Onda Cryl (85.61±12.76) and Vipi Wave (89.8±19.95) after the soaking trials regarding the use of different denture cleansers. No differences were found in relation to the solutions [Bony Plus (88.52±9.89), Corega Tabs (88.75±12.71) and Efferdent (85.86±12.11)], soaking periods [control (87.17±12.92), 15 min (88.05±11.74) and 8 h (87.91±10.30)], and interactions during the 30 days of simulated use. Visual inspection did not detect any color alterations. Conclusions: Denture cleansers, when used according to the manufacturers’ instructions, did not cause any mechanical or visual alterations in the microwave-polymerized acrylic resins after a simulated period of 30 days of use.