Inhibitory Effect of Sophora alopecuroides Total Alkaloids and Two Monomer Alkaloids on PC12 Cell Activity / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo compare the effects of total alkaloids， matrine， and sophoridine extracted from Sophora alopecuroides on the activity of pheochromocytoma cells （PC12 cells）. MethodThe effect of S. alopecuroides total alkaloids， matrine， and sophoridine at concentrations of 2， 1， 0.5， 0.25， 0.125， and 0.062 5 g·L-1 on the proliferation of PC12 cells was evaluated using the 3-（4，5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2，5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide （MTT） assay. The lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） leakage rate was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Flow cytometry was used to assess cell apoptosis rate， cell cycle distribution， and intracellular Ca2+ levels. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was performed to determine the mRNA transcription levels of B-cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2） and Bcl-2-associated X protein （Bax）. Protein expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins Caspase-3， Caspase-8， Bcl-2， and Bax were detected by Western blot. ResultCompared to the control group， S. alopecuroides total alkaloids， matrine， and sophoridine inhibited the proliferation of PC12 cells， increased LDH leakage rate， enhanced intracellular Ca2+ fluorescence intensity， and induced cell apoptosis in concentration-dependent manner （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Among them， S. alopecuroides total alkaloids had the strongest inhibitory effect on cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis in PC12 cells （P<0.01）. After treatment with S. alopecuroides total alkaloids， matrine， and sophoridine， the cell cycle progression of PC12 cells was arrested at G1/G0 in the S. alopecuroides total alkaloids group， and at G1/S in the matrine and sophoridine groups. The expression levels of Bax mRNA were significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， while the expression levels of Bcl-2 mRNA were significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. All treatments significantly downregulated the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 （P<0.05， P<0.01） and upregulated the expression of the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax， Caspase-3， and Caspase-8 （P<0.05， P<0.01）， with the most significant protein expression changes observed in the S. alopecuroides total alkaloids group. ConclusionAmong the S. alopecuroides total alkaloids， matrine， and sophoridine， S. alopecuroides total alkaloids exhibit the strongest inhibitory effect on the activity of PC12 cells， and its mechanism of action may be related to the inhibition of anti-apoptotic protein expression， upregulation of pro-apoptotic protein expression， and activation of the mitochondrial Caspase-8 apoptotic pathway.

Epidemiological investigation of an outbreak of anthrax in Gongliu County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region / 预防医学

Abstract@#A suspected case of cutaneous anthrax was reported by Gongliu County Disease Control and Prevention Center, Ili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region on August 19, 2021. Then, an epidemiological survey was performed by a joint investigation team consisting of professionals from Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, intermediate-level trainees from the Field Epidemiology Training Program of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and professionals from Ili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention. A total of 11 cutaneous anthrax cases were identified, including 8 suspected cases and 3 clinically diagnosed cases, and all cases were villagers in Y Village, X Township, Gongliu County, without severe case or deaths found. The onset of the first case occurred on July 27, and the onset of the last case occurred on August 16. The main clinical manifestations included ulcerative eschar on hands and exposed skin of the upper extremity. A Bacillus anthracis isolate was detected in meat samples from infected cattle. Epidemiological surveys showed that villagers did not report infected cattle to related sectors and privately slaughtered and ate meat from infected cattle without any effective protective measures, resulting in this outbreak. It is recommended to strengthen health education for people raising, selling and slaughtering livestock, and publicize zoonotic disease control knowledge, including anthrax, and establish an effective surveillance and response system for anthrax for immediate identification and treatment of epidemics.

Effects of knocking down TSPO on proliferation and autophagy of BV2 cells in OGD/R models / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the effeets of prolifera¬tion and autophagy of BV2 eells in OGD/R models when the 18 ku transloeator protein( TSPO) was inhibi¬ted.Methods BV2 microglia were eultured in vitro and the model established by oxygen-glueose depriva- tion/reperfusion( OGD/R) , the eells were divided into eontrol group and OGD/R group, OGD/R + small hair¬pin RNA negative eontrol group ( OGD/R + NCshR- NA) , OGD/R + TSPO small hairpin RNA group (OGD/R + TSPOshRNA ).The expression of TSPO mRNA and TSPO protein were deteeted by qRT-PCR and Western blot, respectively.In order to study the effeet of TSPO on BV2 microglial eells in OGD/R inju¬ry and autophagy, the cell viability was tested by CCK- 8 assey, the cytotoxicity was deteeted by reactive oxy¬gen speeies ( ROS) , autophagy-related mRNA ( p62 mRNA, LC3B mRNA, Beolin-1 mRNA) expressions were detected by qRT-PCR, and the expression levels of autophagy -related proteins ( p62 , LC3 II /LC3 1 , Beclin-1 ) were detected by Western blot in each group.Result The expression of TSPO mRNA and protein increased significantly in OGD/R group while compared to control group, the cell death and cytotox¬icity increased significantly, the expression levels of LC3B mRNA and Beclin-1 mRNA increased, while the p62 mRNA decreased significantly, the levels of LC3 II/LC3 1 and Beclin-1 protein increased, the expres¬sion of p62 protein decreased significantly in OGD/R group, and the autophagy was activated; compared with OGD/R group, the different levels of cell viabili¬ty, cytotoxicity and autophagy in OGD/R + NCshRNA group were not statistically significant.But the survival rate of cells in OGD/R + TSPOshRNA group signifi¬cantly increased, the levels of cytotoxicity and autoph¬agy were significantly reduced.Conclusions The in¬hibition of TSPO has a significant protective effect on OGD/R injury model in BV2 microglial cells, which may be related to the inhibition of autophagy.

Endovascular recanalization for symptomatic chronic internal carotid artery occlusion: a study of 19 cases / 国际脑血管病杂志

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of endovascular recanalization in the treatment of chronically occluded internal carotid artery (COICA).Methods:From January 2014 to January 2019, patients over 50 years of age with symptomatic COICA underwent endovascular recanalization in the Department of Neurosurgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University were enrolled retrospectively. The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was used to evaluate the improvement of neurological function.Results:A total of 19 patients with symptomatic COICA were enrolled, of which 16 (84.21%) were successfully recanalized. None of the patients had severe neurological deficits during the periprocedural period and after procedure. The neurological function of patients with successful recanalization gradually improved over time. The neurological function improved in 4 patients (25.0%) at 24 h after endovascular treatment and 9 (56.3%) at 18 months postprocedural follow-up. The follow-up of CT angiography showed that the internal carotid artery in patients with successful recanalization was unobstructed, and there was no obvious in-stent stenosis.Conclusion:Endovascular recanalization is feasible, safe and effective in patients with symptomatic COICA.

Diagnostic value of multidetector CT in acute and chronic mesenteric venous thrombosis / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective · To analyze the multidetector CT (MDCT) manifestations of mesenteric venous thrombosis (MVT) and further explore the diagnostic value of MDCT in acute and chronic MVT. Methods · MDCT findings of 47 MVT patients clinically confirmed in Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Second People's Hospital in Kashgar from January 2012 to October 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The mean CT value of thrombus on CT axial images of acute and chronic MVT was measured and calculated. According to CT values and CT manifestations, differences between the two groups were statistically analyzed. Results · Among 47 patients with MVT, there were 46 (97.87％) with filling defect of mesenteric vein and its branches, 34 (72.34％) with dilatation of blood vessels at the thrombosis site, 30 (63.82％) with intestinal wall thickening, 9 (19.15％) with enhanced delamination of intestinal wall, 11 (23.40％) with intestinal dilatation, 21 (44.68％) with ascites, and 25 (53.19％) with mesenteric edema. The mean CT value of MVT thrombus in acute group [ (42.88±17.77) HU] was higher than that in chronic group [ (31.80±6.18) HU] (P＜0.05). The proportion of MVT with vasodilation and target sign in acute group was higher than that in chronic group (P＜0.05). There was no difference in the ratio of other signs between the two groups. Conclusion · The MDCT findings of MVT patients are characteristic. CT value of thrombus, vasodilation and target sign are valuable in evaluating acute and chronic MVT.

Excessive fluoride increases the expression of osteocalcin in the mouse testis / 中华男科学杂志

Objective@#To observe the influence of excessive fluoride on the levels of osteocalcin and testosterone in the testis of the male mouse.@*METHODS@#Twenty-four C57BL/6J male mice were equally randomized into a normal control and a fluorosis model group, the former fed on distilled water while the latter on a solution of sodium fluoride (100 mg/L) in distilled water, both for 12 weeks. Then, the level of osteocalcin in the testis tissue was measured with the immunohistochemical streptavidin-peroxidase (SP) method and those of osteocalcin and testosterone in the serum determined by ELISA.@*RESULTS@#After 12 weeks of fluoride intervention, the level of serum osteocalcin was significantly higher in the fluorosis models than in the normal controls (［68.05 ± 5.32］ vs ［47.50 ± 5.73］ pg/mL, F = 11.901, P = 0.008), while that of testosterone markedly lower in the former than the latter group (［8.07 ± 1.35］ vs ［12.94 ± 3.09］ ng/mL, F = 2.313, P = 0.006). The results of immunohistochemical SP showed the expression of osteocalcin in the cell membrane and cytoplasm of the fluorosis models, which was evidently higher than in the normal controls.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Twelve-week intake of 100 mg/L fluoride solution can decrease the level of testosterone and increase the expression of osteocalcin in the testis of the male mouse.

Assessment value of thromboelastogram for thrombus risk in patients with coronary heart disease complicated hypertension / 心血管康复医学杂志

Objective: To observe assessment effects of thromboelastogram (TEG) on patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) complicated hypertension.Methods: A total of 120 CHD patients were selected from our hospital.According to complicated with hypertension or not, they were divided into pure CHD group (n=58) and CHD + hypertension group (n=62).TEG indexes were compared between two groups.Results: Compared with pure CHD group, there were significant reductions in blood clot formation duration [K: (2.53±0.72)min vs.(1.82±0.64)min], coagulation reaction duration [R: (8.66±1.86)min vs.(7.18±1.85)min], arachidonic acid pathway-induced platelet activity [AA: (57.36±16.91)% vs.(46.73±20.73)%], and significant rise in maximum amplitude after clot formation [MA: (57.31±7.75)mm vs.(64.36±7.85)mm] and included angle value between the tangent from the blood clot forming point to the maximum curve radian of the chart and the horizontal line [Angle: (53.26±7.78) vs.(64.38±7.85)] in CHD + hypertension group, P<0.01 all.Spearman correlation analysis indicated that blood pressure level was significantly positive correlated with Angle and MA (r=0.607, 0.405, P<0.01 both), and significantly inversely correlated with R and K (r=-0.256,-0.541, P<0.01 both) in CHD + hypertension patients.Conclusion:Thrombosis possesses higher risk for CHD + hypertension patients, which is easier to cause acute cardiovascular events.Therefore, attention should be paid to coagulation function monitoring in order to prevent adverse cardiac events in these patients.

Effect of Klotho protein on renal oxidative stress in rat with calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To investigate the protective effect and mechanism of Klotho protein on oxidative stress in renal tubular epithelial cells of experimental rat nodels of renal calcium oxalate stone.Methods The 30 SD rats,6-8 weeks old,were randomly divided into 3 groups (10 of each),normal control group(group A),calcium oxalate model group(group B),drug plus calcium oxalate model group (group C).Group A was established with physiological saline by garage each day,group B was established with 1％ ethylene glycol in drinking water + 2％ ammonium chloride by garage (2 ml/d),group C was established with Fosinopril 2.5mg + Valsartan 15mg aqueous solution 2 ml by gavage on the basis of group B (2 ml/d).4 weeks later,the level of malondialdehyde (MDA),superoxide dismutase (SOD),catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH) in the kidney homogenate were measured by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),Polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to measure expression of Klotho and Nrf2 mRNA,and Western Blot was used to measure the expression of Klotho and Nrf2 protein.Results The level of MDA in group B [(12.43 ± 0.43) μmol/mg] was significantly increased compared to group A[(8.67 ±0.84) μmol/mg,P ＜0.05] and group C [(7.97 ±0.81) μmol/mg,P＜0.05],while group A was close to group C (P ＞0.05).In group A,B,and C,the levels of SOD were (247.89 ± 2.45),(109.54 ± 4.21),and (189.74 ± 10.47) U/mg,respectively;the levels of GSH were (38.98 ± 4.55),(26.87 ± 3.92),and (31.29± 2.54) μmol/mg,respectively;CAT were (138.47 ± 8.74),(119.87 ± 8.45),and (127.46 ± 7.45) U/mg,respectively.The levels of SOD,GSH,CAT in group B were significantly lower than that in group A and C,while those in group B were close to group A (P ＞ 0.05).The expression of Klotho and Nrf2 mRNA in group B [(0.208 ± 0.036) and (0.499 ± 0.086)] were significantly lower than group A (1.011 ± 0.174 and 1.023 ± 0.139,P ＜ 0.05)and group C(1.123 ±0.248 and 1.023 ±0.139,P ＜0.05).The expression of Klotho and Nrf2 protien were also significantly lower than that in group A and C (P ＜0.05).Conclusions Valsartan and Fosinopril could prevent the formation of renal CaOx stones by upregulating expression of low level Klotho gene induced by ethylene glycol.This effect may be involved with activation of Keapl-Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway.

Hemodynamic effects of sand therapy in Uyghur medicine on the branch of femoral artery / 医用生物力学

Objective To study effects from sand therapy of Uyghur medicine on hemodynamics in femoral artery branch and stress, so as to further discuss the functions and mechanisms of Uyghur sand therapy for treatment of femoral artery thrombosis formation. Methods Uyghur sand therapy was conducted on the subjects by indoor Uyghur sand therapy system. The peak values of blood flow velocity, inner diameter and resistance index (RI) of femoral artery before and after receiving Uyghur sand therapy were measured by the ultra-portable Doppler Diagnostic Ultrasound System for statistic analysis. Three-dimensional fluid-solid coupling model of femoral artery branch was reconstructed, and blood flow velocity, pressure, wall shear stress in the flow field as well as the equivalent stress, strain, total displacement on femoral artery wall were simulated and analyzed by the ANSYS Workbench. Results After receiving Uyghur sand therapy, the mean peak values of blood flow velocity and inner diameter of femoral artery increased by 32.43% and 2.68%, while the mean values of RI decreased by 4.88%, which showed it had the statistical difference(P0.05).Besides, the maximum values of blood flow velocity, pressure and wall shear stress increased by 29.91%，68.51%,46.54%,respectively, while the maximum values of equivalent stress, equivalent strain, total displacement on femoral artery wall increased by 65.85%，45.45%，44%, respectively, after receiving Uyghur sand therapy. Conclusions Uyghur sand therapy can increase blood flow velocity and decrease RI obviously，and help to expand the inner diameter of femoral artery to make blood circulation inside improved. With Uyghur sand therapy, the shear stress, blood flow velocity, pressure as well as the stress, strain, total displacement on femoral artery walls also increase, meanwhile，high pressure area on femoral artery branch reduces to some extent, which shows it plays a certain positive role in reducing atherosclerosis and thrombus formation inside femoral artery.

Influence of sand therapy in Uyghur medicine on mechanical properties of rabbits’ femur based on three-dimensional finite element modeling / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:On the basis of modern design method and numerical simulation, studies can explore the action mechanisms of sand therapy in Uyghur medicine. OBJECTIVE:To explore a kind of non-homogeneous and isotropic biological bone finite element modeling method based on CT value, and to study the influence of sand therapy in Uyghur medicine on the mechanical properties of rabbits’ femur. METHODS:Eight adult New Zealand white rabbits were used to establish osteoarthritis models of right posterior femur with papain. These rabbits were divided into sand therapy group and control group. In the sand therapy group, after treatment with sand therapy in Uyghur medicine, rabbit femoral models were scanned with CT. The fault image data were imported into MIMICS software. 3D model of femur was generated. The meshing was done. The material properties were given. Three-point bending in the Ansys was simulated and solved.Simultaneously, the isolated three point bending tests were performed in al rabbit models. The corresponding deflection and the maximum stress values were obtained. Finaly, the results obtained from the three-dimensional finite element modeling method were compared with the results obtained from the experiments. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) The deflection and the maximum stress obtained by the three-point bending simulation analysis with the three-dimensional finite element model of the rabbits’ femur were wel correlated with the data obtained from the experiments. (2) These results indicate that the finite element modeling method is consistent with the structural and material properties of bone, which can be used to analyze the stress and deformation ofbones.

The clinical experience and plasmapheresis treatment outcome in treatment of hyperlipidemia acute pancreatitis among Uyghur / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical features and plasmapheresis treatment outcome of hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis among Uyghur population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 41 cases (treatment group) diagnosed with acute hyperlipidemic pancreatitis and treated with plasmapheresis from August 2007 to August 2012 was studied, and treatment outcomes were statistically analyzed. Fifty patients during the same period who received medical treatment without plasmapheresis (control group) were collected, and were compared to the treatment group. Clinical data of 72 Han Chinese patients with hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis from the same study period were compared to 91 Uyghur patients mentioned above. The data were analyzed by t-test or χ2 test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Treatment group and control group were comparable in terms of gender, age, APACHE II score at admission, BMI, and blood lipid levels. Thirty-two patients out of 41 in the treatment group were improved after routine medical treatment and plasmapheresis, but 9 died. In the control group, 28 out of 50 cases were improved, 22 died. The mortality of the treatment group was significantly lower than that of the control group(χ2 = 10. 824, P = 0. 001). Time of hospital stay in treatment group was (17 ± 16) days, and significantly shorter than that of control group ((28 ± 20) days) (t= 2. 851, P = 0. 005). Before plasmapheresis in the treatment group, serum triglyceride and total cholesterol levels were (58 ± 39) mmol/L and (24 ± 8) mmol/L, after plasmapheresis, these values dropped significantly to (10 ± 10) mmol/L and (6 ± 5) mmol/L. APACHE II score of those died were 18 ± 2, and significantly higher than those who survived(11 ± 3) (t = 0. 570, P = 0. 000); Time from hospital admission until plasmapheresis were significantly longer in died patients ((49 ± 9) hours) than in survived patients ((38 ± 8) hours, t = 3. 549, P = 0. 040). Furthermore, serum triglyceride levels were significantly higher in survived cases ((46 ± 16) mmol/L) than those who died ((37 ± 15) mmol/L) (t = 2. 386, P = 0. 010) . Both serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels were reduced significantly in control group (t = 3. 484, P = 0. 00; t = 4. 086, P = 0. 000, but the degrees of reduction were significantly lower than that of the treatment group. When comparing Uyghur patients to Han patients, Uyghur cases had higher serum triglyceride (t = 2. 083, P = 0. 039), and cholesterol levels (t = 2. 535, P = 0. 012, and their age was significantly younger than that of Hans (t = 3. 373, P = 0. 010 .</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>s Uyghur patients with hyperlipidemia acute pancreatitis tend to have higher serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels, and age at disease onset is younger. Plasmapheresis is a more effective treatment option for patients with hyperlipidemia acute pancreatitis. Treatment outcome is related to APACHE II score, serum triglyceride levels, and time frame between admission and plasmapheresis treatment.</p>

Change of Volume and Mechanical Properties of Femoral Bone in Rabbits at Different Ages with Knee Osteoarthritis under Sand-therapy / 生物医学工程学杂志

The present paper is aimed to study the effect of sand-therapy with Uyghur medicine on biomechanical properties and femoral bone volume of the femur of osteoarthritis (OA) rabbits at two different ages. In the experiments, we injected Papain through the joint space of right knees into the bodies of New Zealand rabbits (16 in the growing group, and 16 in the mature group), and established an OA model. The 16 rabbits in the mature group were divided randomly into 2 sub-groups: 8 in control group (no sand therapy), and 8 sand-therapy group. The 16 rabbits in the growing group were divided randomly into 2 groups as well: 8 in the control group (no sand therapy), and 8 in the sand-therapy group. We carried out CT scanning four times (1 day before, 13th, 27th and 41st days after the establishment of the model, respectively). After importing the CT data to MIMICS, the different volumes of each sclerotin were recorded and change of the percentage of each sclerotins in total femur bone volume were analyzed. Finally the rabbit femurs were given three-point bending test, the elastic load and the elastic deflection were obtained and the inertia of the section, the maximum bending stresses, the bending modulus of elasticity and the structural rigidity were calculated. The experimental results showed that (1) Compared with 1 day before and 13th day after establishment of model at maturity, the cancellous bone volume increased and cortical bone volume decreased (P < 0.05), but compared with those in the control group, the cancellous bone volume of femurs decrease and cortical bone volume increased under sand-therapy (P < 0.05). Compared with those in the control group, there were no significant changes in the deflection and cross-sectional moment of inertia in the sand-therapy group (P > 0.05), but the maximum bending normal stress, maximum load, elastic modulus, and structural stiffness (P < 0.05) in the sand therapy group were larger than those in the control group. The study showed that sand-therapy in Uyghur medicine has benign effect on bone volume of the OA rabbit femur in two ages and the mechanical properties of the OA rabbit femur at the two ages induced by sand-therapy in Uyghur medicine have been improved.

Effects of Zhigancao Decoction medicated serum combined with myocardial tissue/silicon substrate micro-electrode technique on cardiac electrophysiology / 医学研究生学报

[Abstract ] Objective Modern pharmacological studies confirmed Zhigancao Decoction total extract, single active ingredients and their combinations could obviously inhibit arrhythmia.This study was to investigate the effects of Zhigancao Decoction medicated serum combined with myocardial tissue/silicon substrate microelectrode arrays (MEA) on rapid atrial pacing(RAP). Methods New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into normal control group, normal serum control group, Zhigancao Decoction medica-ted serum group and water decoction group, 8 in each group.After the establishment of an atrial fibrillation rabbit model, the field ac-tion potential duration ( fAPD) of the right atrial appendage ( RAA ) tissue was measured and the effections of Zhigancao Decoction medicated serum and water decoction on the fAPD of RAA were observed. Results The successful modeling of rapid atrial pacing induced atrial fibrillation in rabbits contributed to the significant shortening of fAPD 12 h after pacing compared to that before pacing ([174.30 ±1.36]ms vs[162.48 ±0.88]ms, P<0.05).After giving 10%~25% Zhigancao Decoction medicated serum and water decoction, the fAPDs of RAA tissue in rabbits with atrial fibrillation were prolonged, which represented positive dose-response relation-ship.The fAPDs of the rabbits given serum containing 10%, 15%, 20%and 25%Zhigancao Decoction were respectively (170.81 ± 0.61)ms, (171.00 ±0.46)ms, (179.08 ±0.67)ms, (179.76 ±2.26)ms, which were longer than those of water decoction group ([163.82 ±0.780]ms, [163.66 ±0.95]ms, [174.06 ±1.32]ms, [176.84 ±1.19]ms), and the difference was statistically sig-nificant (P<0.05). Conclusion The fAPD can be taken as one index of cardiac electrophysiological change, and 10%~25%Zh-igancao Decoction medicated serum can lead to fAPD extension in rabbit model of atrial fibrillation, which might be the electrophysio-logical mechanism of anti-atrial fibrillation.

Laparoscopic vs conventional open resection of liver hydatid cyst / 中华普通外科杂志

Objective To evaluate laparoscopic radical resection of liver hydatid cyst as compared with conventional open surgery.Methods From May 2006 to January 2013 clinical data of 41 patients undergoing laparoscopic radical resection of hepatic hydatid cyst were compared with those 112 cases treated by open surgery.Operation time,blood loss,conversion rate,length of hospitalization and recurrence rate were compared and analyzed.Results There was not statistical significant difference in operative time and blood loss between the two groups (t =1.97,P ＞ 0.05) (t =2.00,P ＞ 0.05).Five laparoscopic patients were converted to open surgery,conversion rate was 12.2 ％ (5/41),three due to inadequate exposure,and two for intraoperative bleeding.Postoperative hospital stay was significantly shorter in laparoscopic group than that in conventional group.The overall morbidity was 4.9％ (2/41) in laparoscopic and 16.0％ (18/112) in conventional group with statistical significance(x2 =3.92,P ＜ 0.05).Recurrence rate and mortality was 0 in both groups.Conclusions Laparoscopic radical resection of hydatid cyst is safe and effective in carefully selected patients and provides short hospital stay,good cosmetic result,fast recovery and fewer complications.

Changes in microRNAs expression are involved in age-related atrial structural remodeling and atrial fibrillation / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Small noncoding microRNAs regulate gene expression in cardiac development and disease and have been implicated in the aging process and in the regulation of extracellular matrix proteins. However, their role in age-related cardiac remodeling and atrial fibrillation (AF) was not well understood. The present study was designed to decipher molecular mechanisms underlying age-related atrial structural remodeling and AF.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Three groups of dogs were studied: adult and aged dogs in sinus rhythm and with persistent AF induced by rapid atrial pacing. The expressions of microRNAs were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Pathohistological and ultrastructural changes were tested by light and electron microscopy. Apoptosis index of myocytes was detected by TUNEL.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Samples of atrial tissue showed the abnormal pathohistological and ultrastructural changes, the accelerated fibrosis, and apoptosis with aging and/or in AF dogs. Compared to the adult group, the expressions of microRNAs-21 and -29 were significantly increased, whereas the expressions of microRNAs-1 and -133 showed obvious downregulation tendency in the aged group. Compared to the aged group, the expressions of microRNAs-1, -21, and -29 was significantly increased in the old group in AF; contrastingly, the expressions of microRNA-133 showed obvious downregulation tendency.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>These multiple aberrantly expressed microRNAs may be responsible for modulating the transition from adaptation to pathological atrial remodeling with aging and/or in AF.</p>

Association of interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein genetic polymorphisms levels with venous thromboembolism / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Increased levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) have been reported in patients with venous thromboembolisms (VTE). However, prospective studies did not confirm an association between IL-6, CRP and their polymorphism with the risk of VTE.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and forty patients (including 66 males and 74 females, mean age (55.55 ± 17.11) years) and one hundred and sixty controls (including 74 males and 86 females, mean age (56.58 ± 12.24) years) were involved. An enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was used for detecting the serum levels of inflammatory factors IL-6 and CRP in both groups. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used for analyzing the distribution of polymorphisms at the -572C/G and -597G/A sites of the promoter of the IL-6 gene and at 1059G/C of the CRP gene.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Serum levels of IL-6 and CRP were significantly higher in the VTE group than in the control group (P < 0.05). The frequencies of -572C/G promoter polymorphisms CC, CG, and GG in the IL-6 gene were found to be 34%, 48%, and 18%, respectively, and the derived allele frequencies for the C and G alleles were 58% and 42%. There was a significant difference in the -572C/G promoter polymorphisms between the VTE group and control group (P < 0.05). For the -597G/A polymorphism, individuals all carried the GG and GA type; AA genotypes were not detected. The frequency of the GG, GC, and CC genotypes at the CRP1059G/C promoter was 87.57%, 7.86% and 3.57% in VTE group, while 86.25%, 10%, and 3.75% in control group, respectively. The frequency of G and C alleles at CRP 1059G/C was 91.43% and 8.57% in VTE group and 91.56% and 8.44% in the control group. The results showed that there was no statistically significant difference of 1059G/C genotype and mutation frequency of the allele between the VTE group and control group (P > 0.05). Multiple Logistic regression analysis showed CC homozygotes of the IL-6 -572G/C, body mass index (BMI), and CRP, IL-6, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were independent risk factors for VTE (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>We found that VTE was associated with IL-6 and CRP levels, and there was an association of IL-6 and its promoter polymorphism at -572G/C with the risk of VTE. Thus far, a causal relationship between inflammation and VTE remains to be clarified and more prospective data are required.</p>

Association between gene polymorphisms of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and plasma homocysteine in Uygur patients with venous thromboembolism / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene C677T mutation and plasma homocysteine (Hcy) levels in Uygur patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) in Xinjiang.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 222 VTE patients including 74 Uygur and 148 Han ethnic patients were examined, and 86 Uygur ethnic and Han 134 ethnic healthy people were included as controls. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was applied to detect MTHFR gene C677T polymorphism and plasma Hcy levels were measured by fluorescence polarization immunoassay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The MTHFR gene C677T genotypes distribution in Uygur VTE patients and control groups were: TT [28.38% (35/86) vs. 12.79% (11/86), P < 0.05], CT [41.89% (31/74) vs. 52.33% (45/86), P > 0.05]and CC [29.73% (22/74) vs. 34.88% (30/86), P > 0.05], respectively; and in Han VTE patients and control groups were: TT[27.03% (40/148) vs. 14.92% (20/134), P < 0.05], CT [44.59% (66/148) vs. 52.99% (71/134), P > 0.05] and CC [28.38% (42/148) vs. 32.09% (43/134), P > 0.05], respectively. SNP genotyping distribution frequency in Uygur and Han ethnic population was similar between controls and between VTE patients (P > 0.05). Plasma levels of Hcy in MTHFR gene TT genotype were statistically higher than CT and CC genotype (P < 0.05). After adjusting for age, gender, smoking history, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, and MTHFR genotype, multifactor logistic regression analysis showed that plasma Hcy level (OR = 1.025, 95%CI 1.003 - 1.046, P = 0.024) and obesity (OR = 4.660, 95%CI 1.417 - 15.324, P = 0.011) were independent risk factors for Uygur ethnic patients with VTE while plasma Hcy level (OR = 1.020, 95%CI 1.006 - 1.034, P = 0.004) and smoking (OR = 2.867, 95%CI 1.062 - 6.586, P = 0.024) were independent risk factors for Han ethnic patients with VTE.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>MTHFR C677T polymorphism (TT genotype carrier) and increased plasma levels of Hcy are risk factors for Uygur and Han ethnic patients with VTE in Xinjiang.</p>

Effects of sand treatment in Uyghur medicine on caspase-3, Bcl-2, Bax, and the apoptotic expression in the cartilage of rabbit knee osteoarthritis model / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of sand treatment on cysteine aspartate-specific proteinase-3 (Caspase-3), B-cell leukemia-lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X protein gene (Bax) in the articular cartilage of rabbit knee osteoarthritis (OA), and the apoptotic protein expression, thus providing theoretical evidence for sand treatment in Uyghur medicine.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The OA animal model was established by fixing right hind limbs with gypsum in 22 New Zealand rabbits. Of them, 2 original model rabbits were taken as the control group, while the rest 20 were randomly divided into a free running group and a sand treatment group, 10 in each group. The healthy side of the free running group was taken as the normal control group. The sand treatment was given to those in the sand treatment group for 20 days. The expressions of Caspase-3, Bcl-2, and Bax in the cartilage cells of rabbit knee joint were measured by immunohistochemical assay. The cell apoptosis of chondrocytes was detected using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the normal control group, the positive cell number, the optical density (OD), the protein expressions of Caspase-3, Bax, and TUNEL were higher in the free running group and the sand treatment group (P < 0.01). Besides, they were obviously higher in the free running group than in the sand treatment group (P < 0.01). The positive cell number of Bcl-2 and OD value in the free running group and the sand treatment group were both lower than those of the normal control group (P < 0.01). The positive cell number was obviously higher in the sand treatment group than in the free running group (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Sand treatment could inhibit the expressions of Caspase-3, Bax/Bcl-2, and TUNEL in the articular cartilage of rabbits' knee OA, which might be partial mechanisms for anti-inflammation of sand treatment.</p>

Outcome and factors affecting left atrial remodeling after percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty in patients with mitral valve stenosis / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the outcome and assess related factors affecting left atrial remodeling after percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty (PBMV) in patients with mitral valve stenosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From March 1998 to June 2002, there were 96 mitral valve stenosis patients who underwent PBMV in our hospital. Echocardiographic, 12 leads united electrocardiogram and other clinical datas were collected at preoperation, 1 week after operation, and 4 - 6 years after operation to retrospective analysis. Multiple stepwise regression analysis was used to assess controllable factors of left atrial remodeling.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Left atrial diameter reduced from (44.6 +/- 6.6) cm before PBMV to (42.8 +/- 6.5) cm (P > 0.05) 1 week after PBMV and enlarged to (47.2 +/- 5.7)cm (all P < 0.05) at the end of 4 - 6 years follow up post operation. The mitral valve area (MVA) increased from (1.06 +/- 0.32) cm2 before PBMV to (2.02 +/- 0.43) cm2 1 week after PBMV and (1.98 +/- 0.36) cm2 4 - 6 years post operation (all P < 0.05). Heart function assessed by NYHA classification improved significantly at 1 week and 4 - 6 years after surgery compared with pre-operation (P < 0.01). Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that systolic blood pressure at 4 - 6 years after operation, MVA at 1 week after operation, preoperative atrial fibrillation, Wilkins score < or = 8, preoperative left atrial diameter were the independent predictive factors of left atrial remodeling at 4 - 6 years after PBMV.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>PBMV was an effective therapy option for patients with mitral valve stenosis. Systolic blood pressure at 4 - 6 years after operation, MVA at 1 week after operation, preoperative atrial fibrillation, Wilkins < or = 8, preoperative left atrial diameter are the predictive factors of left atrial remodeling after PBMV.</p>

Heat effect on the anti-inflammatory action in sand treatment in Uyghur medicine / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To determine the heat effect on anti-inflammatory action in knee osteoarthritis in experimental rabbit during sand treatment in Uyghur medicine.@*METHODS@#We established an indoor experimental platform for the sand treatment and collected the continuously changing data skin temperature in the rabbits and the temperature of each layer of sand.All the data were collected by the apparatus of 2700 type multichannel data collection. EMK was injected into the joint of right knees, and then the rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups: a sand therapy group, a fenbid therapy group,and a blank control group. From the 15th day after the articular injection to the 30th day,the rabbits were treated with sand once daily; fenbid, once daily; and nothing in the 3 groups,respectively. At the end of the experiment, the serum and the joint fluid of the diseased joints were obtained to test IL-1beta, TNF-alpha,and NO level; the cartilage was obtained for the histopathologic measurement.@*RESULTS@#At the beginning,skin temperature went up,then fell down gradually. Compared with the fenbid group and the blank control group, the severity of cartilage in the sand therapy group declined significantly. The IL-beta and TNF-alpha level in the joint fluid and NO level in the serum of the sand therapy group decreased significantly.@*CONCLUSION@#The sand treatment is effective,which may be related to the decreasing of cytokine in the local joints by the heat effect.