ABSTRACT
Background and Aims: Kindling is regarded as an experimental model of temporal lobe epilepsy that reflects a process of progressive and persistent intensification of seizure. Experimental and clinical evidence suggest that there is an interrelationship among epileptogenesis, local inflammation and antioxidant activity. In this study, the possible antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of thymol was investigated in epileptic rats
Materials and Methods: Kindling was induced by repeated injections of intraperitoneal pentylenetetrazole [PTZ] every other day. Then, the rat hippocampi were isolated, weighed and prepared as a 5% tissue homogenate in ice-cold 0.9% saline solution. Serum malondialdehyde [MDA] and superoxide dismutase [SOD] levels were assessed by thiobarbituric acid reacting substance and nitroblue tetrazolium methods respectively. Hyppocampal tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-alpha;] and interleukin-1 beta [IL-1beta;] were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method
Results: As the study findings revealed, epileptic seizures increase the serum level of MDA, hyppocampal levels of TNF-alpha; as well as IL-1beta; and decrease the SOD activity
Conclusions: thymol exerts anticonvulsant activity through the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms
ABSTRACT
Background and Aims: in neurodegenerative disorders,oxidative stress mediated by reactive oxygen species is strongly associated with increased neuronal damages which can lead to apoptosis. Pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic gene expressions are changed during the cell differentiation that affect cell viability and differentiation. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effects of hydrogen peroxideinduced oxidative stress on the apoptotic cell death in the differentiated rat pheochromocytoma [PC12] cells
Materials and Methods: semi-differentiated PC12 cells were treated with 400 microM hydrogen peroxide [H2O2]. Characteristic morphological changes as apoptotic index were evaluated by DAPI staining. MTT assay were applied in order to evaluate the cells survival as well as cell activity.Pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic gene expressions were estimated by real time-PCR
Results: the obtained data indicated that PC12 cell survival rate decreased H2O2 treated condition during the differentiation. Moreover, H2O2 was proved to increase apoptotic genes expressions including caspase 6 as well as PIN1 and to decrease antiapoptotic genes including SIRT1 as well as SIRT7
Conclusion: the findings of the present study revealed that H2O2-induced oxidative nstress can retard the differentiation of PC12 cell in the form of neural-like cells through the apoptotic gene expression. On the other hand, although the PIN1 acts as an apoptotic gene, this study illustrated that this gene expression can get increased during the differentiation under oxidative stress conditions