Antidiarrheal and protein conservative activities of Psidium guajava in diarrheal rats / 中西医结合学报

OBJECTIVE@#Psidium guajava occurs worldwide in tropical and subtropical areas. It has been used to treat inflammation, diabetes, fever, hypertension and ulcers. However, its antidiarrheal and protein conservative activities still need to be investigated.@*METHODS@#Fifty-four male rats were divided into normal and diarrheal rats. The normal rats were divided into 4 groups: control, low-dose P. guajava leaf extract (50 mg/kg), high-dose P. guajava leaf extract (100 mg/kg) and gallic acid. Treatments were administrated orally in 1 mL saline for a 1-month period. The diarrheal rats were divided into 5 groups: desmopressin (0.2 mg/kg) drug, low-dose P. guajava leaf extract (50 mg/kg), high-dose P. guajava leaf extract (100 mg/kg), gallic acid and an untreated control. Doses were given daily for a 1-month period while the untreated control received no treatment.@*RESULTS@#Diarrhea was responsible for an observed decline in kidney weight and serum sodium, potassium and chloride. Further, diarrhea was positively correlated with a significant increase in urine volume, and excretion of electrolytes, serum urea, creatinine and uric acid in the urine. In contrast, there was a proportional increase in the lipid peroxidation value in diarrhea and a significant decline was observed in serum superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione levels in diarrhea. Also, diarrhea inhibited blood proteins. The oral intake of P. guajava leaf extract by diarrheal rats restored all of these parameters to near normal levels. High-dose P. guajava leaf extract was more effective than the same compound at a low dose.@*CONCLUSION@#P. guajava leaf extract elicited antidiarrheal and protein conservative effects.

study of some physiological and biochemical properties of the glycoside convicine on albino rats

Convicine glycoside is hydrolyzed by intestinal microflora to highly reactive free- radical generation compound isouramil. Isouramil has been strongly implicated as the causative agent of favism. Biological studies were conducted to determine some physiological and biochemical properties of convicine isolated from faba beans. The results obtained revealed that the tested oral dose of convicine [2 mg/100g b.wt.] showed significant increase in W.B.Cs, while it caused significant decrease in serum glucose. The analysis of serum alkaline phosphatase, calcium and phosphate showed that convicine causes significant increases. The results also showed that there were a significant decrease in the level of serum cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL. There were, also significant decreases in serum and tissue malondialdhyde [MDA]. While a significant increase in blood and tissue glutathione peroxidase [GPx] activity was found. On the other hand, there was, significant increase in plasma nitric oxide level. From the results we can conclude that convicine had certain beneficial effects as a good antioxidant agent

Evaluation of some toxic effects of the glycoside convicine on albino rat

Isouramil [IU] is a glycone of the glycoside convicine isolated from faba beans [Vacia faba L.]. Convicine caused haemolytic crisis called Favism especially in patients deficient in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. In the present study the experiments were performed to investigate the convicine effect on albino rats. Three groups of albino rats were used. The first group was kept as a control, the second and third group were given oral dose of convicine [2 mg/100g b.wt.] for 15 and 30 days, respectively. The results revealed that convicine caused significant decrease [P < 0.05] in red blood cells. R.B.Cs and hemoglobin content. The analysis of serum albumin/globulin ratio a showed significant decrease [P < 0.05]. There were significant increases [P < 0.05] in serum and tissue total protein, serum bilirubin, globulin and iron. The results showed that convicine when hydrolyzed to its haemoglobin aglycon isouramil caused the same signs similar in many respects to those observed in human metabolic disease [Favism]

Hypoglycemic activity of origanum majorana aqueous extract in alloxan - induced diabetic rats

Origanum majorana L., commonly known in Egypt as "Bardaqoush" was investigated as aqueous extract for its ability to protect liver and kidney cells. 50 mg/100g b.wt. of its aqueous extract for 30 days was found to reduce significantly the blood levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, AST and creatinine in rats. The presented data also revealed its supportive action on the liver and kidney cells. During last two decades the world sight has been directed towards natural medicine, such as herbal therapy. The reason behind this was the discovery of the dangerous side effects of therapeutic chemical agents. Herbal therapy will be especially favoured in the treatment of diseases with a chronic nature as diabetes, hyperlipdemia and some liver or kidney diseases, to reduce the expected side effects of long periods of treatment by chemical agents. Diabetes milletus represents a very difficult health problem as it affects more than 170 million persons around the world; 7 millions of them are Egyptians [Jouad et [1] Eddouk et al.[2]]. Its complications may extend to affect most of the body systems. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to find out the beneficial effect of the herb Origanum majorana in treatment of this disease. Origanum majorana locally known as "Bardaqoush" is a native plant widely distributed throughout Egypt and grown in summer [Boulos,[3]] and is used as a flavouring agent for foods. Its essential oil is used as antioxidant [Botsoglou,[4]] and as antifungal against Candida albicans [Manohar et al.[5]] The alcoholic extracts are used in pharmaceutical, perfumes and cosmetics [Price,[6]]. The objectives of this study was to evaluate the pharmacological effect of Origanum majorana on blood glucose level of both normal and alloxan diabetic rats and to investigate some of its biochemical effects on the liver and kidney of diabetic rats

Protective effect of l-cysteine on ochratoxicosis in rats

Ochratoxin A [OA] is a toxic metabolite produced by Aspergillus ochraceus. OA is a potent agent causing kidney and liver damage, carcinogen, mutagen, immunosuppressive and teratogen. L-Cysteine [Cys] plays and important role in natural detoxification mechanisms by several ways inside the body; beside its effect and the related compounds [-SH group] could inhibit the toxin production by such fungi in vitro studies. In the present work, we studied the possible protective role of Cys against OA in rats. In a 7 days experiment, intraperitoneal [I.P] injection of Cys [300 mg/kg.b.wt.] has proven useful against OA toxicity [1/2] LD50] in rats. In more prolonged experiment, Cys, OA, or Cys prior OA with 15 min. [Cys+OA] were I.P injected for 30 successive days. Clinical symptoms, mortality rate, post mortum findings, weight gain, liver and kidney weights, hemograme, liver and kidney function tests were monitored weekly during the experimental time. No mortalities were detected in the groups treated with Cys+OA. Rats treated with OA were decreased significantly in body weight gain, liver and kidney weight than other treated groups. OA caused anaemia, leucopenia, neutrophilia, evaluation of ALT, AST and AP activities, mild hyperglycemia hypoproteinaemia and elevation of urea and creatinine values. Cys+OA treatment minimized the toxic effect of OA on liver and kidney as evidenced by the tested parameters. Administration of Cys only resulted in a slight deviations than normal expecially in RBC and lymphocytic count, ALT activity and total proteins

Safety evaluation of trichoderma harzianum fungus as a feed stuff for rats

The fungal protein product was given to the rats by oral administration in two doses, 200 and 400 mg per rat per day. Two experiments were done to investigate any possible toxic effects on the internal organs the reproductive performance of pregnant rats and their embryonic development. Paraffin sections from the liver. Kidney, large intestine, uterus and testis were stained by hematoxylin and eosin as well as periodic acid Schiff. Embryos were similarly processed. All investigated organs showed normal architecture. PAS steined the basement membrane, the glycogen and mucin present in these organs. The reproductive performance of the pregnant rats revealed no significant changes in the weight and number of the foetuses in both the control and tested rats. No abortions were reported. Cross sections of embryos showed normal histology. From the previous investigations, it was concluded that the fungal protein product have no toxic effects and could be used safely for feeding purposes if given in limited doses ranging from 200 to 400 mg per 100 g body weight

Effect of hibiscus sabdarifla on the blood picture, sperm quality and genital organs of rats

Oral administration of water extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa flowers [20 mg/100 gm body weight] daily for 8 weeks to male albino rats produces increase in total leucocytic count, haemoglobin percent and lymphocytes after 4-8 weeks, in the mean time the neutrophils decreases after 4 weeks. The increase in the percentage of motile sperms and the increase of abnormal sperms were observed after 4 to 8 weeks of experiment. The extract also causes decrease in body weight and epididymis. However, the reduction in weight starts from the 4[th] to the 8[th] week of treatment. All the effects obtained were found to be reversible after discontinuation of treatment

Effects of oral administration of vicince and convicine isolated from fava beans [vicia fabal] on the reproductive system and apeen quality of maid mice

Daily oral administration of 5 mg/25 g body weight glycosides vicine and convicine for two weeks in male mice caused significant increase in seminal vesicle and vas deferens weight while there was no change in the weight of the prostate. Concerning the effect on semen quality, there were an increase in the percent of abnormal sperm and decrease in the percent of motile sperm. Histopathological findings revealed areas of degenerations appeared in the transverse section of the testes where edema present, seminiferous tubules showed arrest of spermatogenesis. The results of this study demonstrated that vicine and convicine when given to male mice have a prominent effect on the reproductive organs as well as the spermatogenesis

Effect of catharanthus roseus, Don, extracts on trichophyton mentagrophytes

The effects of the watery and alcoholic extracts of Catharanthus roseus leaves on Trichophyton mentagrophytes infection of cats and humans was investigated. The watery extract has no clearing therapeutic effect on the infection in both animals and patients. The alcoholic extract of the plant leaves at a concentration of 4% gave a notable effect. It caused complete healing of 83.3% of the affected cats and 77.8% of patients with Tinea pedis due to Trichophyton mentagrophytes infection. The treatment was by local application for four weeks. No side effects were detected during the period of treatment

Evaluation of some drug solvents for teratological investigation in rats

Female rats were treated by oral administration of 0.2 ml. of 10% solution of propylene glycol in distilled water or by 0.2 ml. olive oil. These doses were found to have no toxic effects on rats [El-Shabrawy, 1980]. Treatments were put to fulfill pre-mating and/ or during pregnancy exposure of animals to propylene glycol or olive oil. Significancy reduction in postnatal body weights was found in offspring from females treated with olive oil before mating and continued during the 1[st] 10 days of pregnancy. Non-significant results indicative of maternal toxicity, embryotoxicity or teratogenicity were obtained in any of the treated groups

Relationship of structural lignin urethanes [carbamates] and toxicological effects on albino rats

Lignin urethanes [carbamates] were prepared from dioxane lignin which was separated from saw dust of hard wood, supplied from a local workshop. Dioxane lignin is allowed to react with phenyl and ethyl isocyanate to form different lignin urethanes. The toxicological studies of the two derivatives were prepared to find out the interrelationship between the chemical structure and the toxicity induced by them. Determination of the LD30 showed that the phenyl lignin urethane is more toxic than the ethyl lignin urethane. The severity of toxic symptoms was found to be affected by the changes in the side chain. This has thrown some light on the way which we practically use for poisoning rats. The most active compound possesses higher molecular weight and a number of nitrogen atoms in the molecular formula. IR spectra revealed that the most active compound, phenyl lignin urethane has 1:2:4 aromatic beside 1:2: and 1:4 aromatic substitutions. Electronic spectra demonstrated that phenyl and ethyl lignin urethanes possess a shoulder peak at 280 mu than dioxane lignin [parent Cpd] due to more conjugated chromophores. Further studies are needed to support our conclusion