An improvement in acute wound healing in rats by the synergistic effect of photobiomodulation and arginine / 한국실험동물학회지

In this probe, at first we examined the best route and dosage of arginine administration on wound healing in an excisional wound model in rats. Next, we intend to assess the impact of photobiomodulation (PBM) and arginine, individually and together, on the wound healing. In the pilot study, an excisional wound was made in each of 24 rats. There were 4 groups. Group 1 was the control group. In groups 2 and 3, wounds were topically treated with arginine ointments (ARG.) 2% and 5%, respectively. In group 4, arginine was injected (ARG. INJ.,i.p.). In the main phase, in 24 new rats, an excisional wound was made. There were 4 groups: group 5 served as the control. Wounds in group 6 were topically treated with ARG 2%. Wounds in group 7 were subjected to PBM. Wounds in group 8 were treated with PBM+ARG. 2%. On day 15, wound area measurement, wound strength, and stereological examination were performed. In the pilot study, we found that the ARG 2% ointment significantly decreased wound area than ARG. 5%, ARG. INJ. and control groups, and significantly increased wound strength compared to the control and ARG.5% groups. In the main phase, a significant decrease of wound area in all treatment regimens was induced. PBM + ARG. 2% and PBM treatment regimens significantly improved wound strength and almost all stereological parameters, compared to the control and ARG. 2% groups. PBM + ARG. 2% induced anti-inflammatory and angiogenic activities, and hastened the wound healing process in an excisional wound model in rats.

[Behavioral effects of electromagnet field with low frequency on reserpine-treated mice]

Background: As depression is one of the common diseases in the world and because of the lack of proper response via usual medications, using electromagnet fields [EMF], as an alternative treatment, has become noticeable. Thus, in the present study, the effect of EMF with low frequencies was investigated on the treatment of depression

Materials and methods: The experimental study was carried out on 32 male mice [albino, mean weight of 30g] after their adaptation in animal house. The animals were classified into 4 groups [n=8]. All 4 groups were injected with high dose of reserpine [5 mg/kg] i.p. and from those, 3 groups exposed with EMF [10, 25, and 50 HZ frequencies, respectively, with intense 250 micro T] for one week, 30 minutes daily. In all 3 groups, the signs of depression [sedation, righting reflexes and swimming], diarrhea, eyes hemorrhage, and feet and hands hemorrhage were observed and compared with control group [those without exposing to EMFs]

Results: Reserpine-induced depression caused sedation, righting reflex disorders, swimming difficulty, diarrhea and eye bleeding. The sedation in 10 and 25 HZ was significantly decreased. EMF in all frequencies decreased sings significantly, particularly in 25 HZ frequency. In swimming, EMF with 10 Hz was the most effective frequency

Conclusion: The findings showed that using EMES in low frequency can reduce most signs of reserpine-induced depression

effect of chronic administration of methylphenidate on morphometric parameters of testes and fertility in male mice

Due to common use of methylphenidate [MPH] for the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder [ADHD] and the role of the reproductive system in the production of gametes, studying the effects of this medication on the morphometry of testes, serum testosterone concentration, leydig cells function, and fertility rate was the aim of this study. Twenty seven male mice [Balb/C], eight weeks old, were randomly divided into one control and two treated groups. After weighing the mice, the treated groups received MPH [produced in Novartis company] at the doses of 2 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg for 40 days. The control group received only normal saline. Subsequently, after weighing the animals, the weights of testes, dimensions of the testis, and the serum testosterone concentration were measured in six mice belonging to each group. After tissue processing, the samples were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, then the leydig cells were counted. In order to assess male fertility in each group, 3 male mice were chosen and each of them was kept with three female mice in a separate cage. After 10 days, the fertility rates of the male mice were determined by counting the number of embryos in uterus and the corpora lutea in their ovaries. The results of this study revealed that prescription of different doses of MPH can cause a significant decrease of the body weight. It reduces the number of leydig cells, too [p<0.01]. Moreover, serum testosterone concentration [67.72 +/- 8.24 ng/ml in control group and 0.302 +/- 0.416 ng/ml after treatment with 2 mg/kg/day MPH] and fertility rate [95.42% +/- 4.68% in control group and 64.96% +/- 18.51% after treatment with 2 mg/kg/day MPH] of the male mice declined significantly in the treated groups compared with the control group [p<0.01], but it did not cause any changes in the weight or morphometric parameters of testes. The results of this study confirmed that MPH can negatively affect serum testosterone concentration and fertility rate of the male mice by decreasing the number of leydig cells and reducing the body weight

[Effects of nicotine on sperm motility in male mice under methylphenidate treatment]

Nicotine is an important part of cigarette smoke with strong physical and psychological effects on smokers. Methylphenidate [mph] is a medicine that has been prescribed widely for treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [ADHD]. In the present study, effects of both mph and nicotine on sperm motility which is one of the most effective factors in male fertility genital tract have been evaluated. In this experimental study, one hundred and twenty male mice divided in 11 treated and one control groups. In treated groups, mph with doses of 2 and 10 mg/kg and nicotine with doses of 100, 200 and 400 micro gr/kg were prescribed separately and in combinations orally for 40 days. At the final day, mice were killed and percent of sperm motility was calculated by counting gametes present in vasodeferan. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-wallis, Post-Hoc [Scheffe] and student's t-test. P<0.05 was considered significant. The sperm motility has been reduced significantly in groups that received both mph and nicotine. it can be concluded that even in light smokers, mph administration at high amount can reduce sperm motility

Influence of commiphora mukul resin on the knee articular cartilage of rats in experimental osteoarthritis induced by iodoacetate

To investigate the influence of Commiphora mukul resin [guggul] on the knee articular cartilage of rats in experimental osteoarthritis. To induce osteoarthritis [OA], single intra-articular injection of MIA [1 mg] in the rat knee joints was performed. Histopathological changes in knee joints were observed after two weeks. The beneficial effect of guggul was studied, orally. The early OA characterized by areas of chondrocytes degeneration in the tibial plateaus and femorat condyles. Changes to the subchondral bone and proteog[ycane contents and synoviat cell proliferation, were observed. Administration of guggul prevented the negative effects of iodoacetate, dose dependently. Chondrocyte damages were significantly prevented and proteoglycane were less affected, especially in high guggul dose and no cell proliferation and inflammatory cell were detected in synovial. The effectiveness of guggut in improvement of histopathotogical damages is emphasized and its chondroprotective effect in vivo is highlighted