Fundus changes in haemolytic anaemia

The aim of this work was to assess the fundus changes in different types of haemolytic anaemias and to find the relation between these changes and the haemoglobin percentage. Fifty diagnosed patients with different types of haemolytic anaemia were examined opthalmologically by direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy. We found that, the most common fundus changes were, engorged dilated retinal veins, retinal haemorrhages and papilloedema. The frequency and severity of these changes increased with decrease haemoglobin percentage

Traditional versus modified trabeculectomy in primary open angle glaucoma

Two groups of primary open angle glaucoma patients, each of 50 patients, were undergone trabeculectomy. In the first group, [59 eyes], traditional trabeculectomy-where the excised internal corneo-scleral block almost reached the edges of the scleral flap-was performed. The second group [68 eyes], were undergone a modified trabeculectomy. Where internal corneo-sclectomy stopped 1 mm short the edgs of the covering scleral flap i.e., leaving a ledge of 1mm. Cases of either group were followed up for 8-10 months for postoperative complications and intraocular pressure [10P] control. It was found that; modified trabeculectomy was associated with a significantly lower incidence of postoperative shallow or flat chamber and their sequences. Both procedures were effective regarding postoperative intra-ocular pressure control with insignificant difference

Comparative study of diagnostic laboratory techniques in the various stages of trachoma

three methods were used in the diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis in conjunctival smears of 100 cases with different stages of trachoma and 20 asymptomatic subjects. Giemsa staining, direct immunofluorescence staining [DIF] and enzyme immunoassay [ELIZA]. The incidence of trachoma was highest at the age of /= 20 years. Giemsa equaled DIF in minimal cases [13%] but detected more mild, moderate and severe cases. ELIZA was superior to both Giemsa and DIF in all stages except in mild cases where it equalled DIF and was less than Giemsa. ELIZA was found to be, more easier and requires less skill for laboratory interpretation than DIF

Ocular toxicity and histopathological study of ethanol in albino rats

The histopathological effects of ethanol toxicity on the eyes of albino rats were studied in three different stages: acute [received acute toxic dose LD50], subacute and short term chronic intoxication [received 1/10 of the LD50]. The results showed oedema of the optic nerve and retina associated with vascular dilatation and congestion in the acute and subacute toxicity, while degeneration of the inner granular cell layer, nerve fibers associated with thickening of supporting tissues, internal limiting membrane and central retinal artery were observed in chronic toxicity

Histopathological studies of drug interactions of acetaminophen [paracetamol] with caffeine on eyes of albino rats

This study was conducted on 40 adult albino rats of both sexes, average weight between 120-150 gram. They were divided into 4 groups, each group contained 10 rats. Acetaminophen was given to the first group, caffeine was given to the second group, a combination of both drugs was given to the third group and the fourth group was treated by the vehicle only. The dose levels of each drug was one tenth [1/10] of the acute toxic dose [LD50], which was given daily for one month. Histopathological changes in eyes of the albino rats for each isolated drug were mild and in the form of mild degeneration and oedema of aptic nerve. When both drugs were given concomitantly, the changes were marked and were similar to the changes recorded by other authors in the liver and kidney. These changes were, oedema of retina and optic nerve, thickening of retinal arteries, local necrosis and swelling in the nuclear layers of the retina, hydropic degeneration of corneal epithelium and dilated blood vessels with perivascular chronic cellular infiltration at corneo-scleral junction

Study on microbial causes of corneal ulcer and antibiotic sensitivity tests

A microbiological study of 120 patients with corneal ulcers due to bacterial and fungal infections was performed. Positive cultures were obtained in 67 percent of all samples. 20 patients with negative cultures had received antimicrobial treatment prior to sampling. Staphylococcus epidermis was the commonest bacteria isolated from central ulcers followed by streptococcus pneumonie while in marginal ulcers staphylococcus aureus predominated. Aspirgillus fumigatus was the most common fungus isolated from central ulcers while in marginal ulcers, aspirgillus Niger was more common. Antibiotic sensitivity tests revealed that most gram positive isolates were sensitive to bacitracin, clindamycin and fucidin. As concerns gram negative isolates, almost all pseudomonas aeruginosa strains [the commonest gram negative isolate] were susceptible to amikacin, gentamycin and polymyxin B

study on pattern visual evoked response in papillitis and papilledema

Pattern VER was recorded from 30 eyes [20 patients], 14 eyes with papillitis [12 patients] and 16 eyes with early papilloedema due to benign increase of intracranial pressure [8 patients]. VER was recorded at time of presentation and after recovery, in active papillitis VER was present, with increased latency in 92.86 percent of cases and diminished amplitude in all cases. After recovery, latency remained high in 85.79 percent of cases while amplitude returned to normal in 92.79 percent of cases. So VER can be useful in the follow up of cases of papillitis and to evaluate the effectiveness of medical treatment. In cases of early papilloedema VER was present but with values which were more or less normal during the active disease [all cases were normal and after recovery [81.25 percent] of cases were normal]. Therefore, VER can be used with other clinical tests to differentiate papillitis from papilloedema because, VER alone is still not decisive and the interpretation of its results are still difficult