Prevención de la preeclampsia y su relevancia en el contexto latinoamericano: una revisión narrativa

La preeclampsia es un trastorno hipertensivo de la gestación que se evidencia durante las últimas semanas de esta. Globalmente, la preeclampsia es la segunda causa de mortalidad materna. Se estima que su incidencia es de aproximadamente un 16% en los países en vías de desarrollo, y llega a superar el 25% en algunos países de Latinoamérica. Se describirán las principales estrategias de prevención de la preeclampsia y su relevancia en el contexto latinoamericano. La búsqueda de información tuvo lugar en PubMed y BVS para las publicaciones realizadas sobre prevención de la preeclampsia, utilizando la expresión de búsqueda (“Disease Prevention” OR “Primary Prevention”) AND (Pre-eclampsia OR Preeclampsia OR “Pre eclampsia”) AND (“Latin America” OR “Central America” OR “South America” OR Caribbean). En PubMed se encontraron 60 y en BVS 42 resultados que responden a la expresión de búsqueda, y fueron seleccionados 18 artículos que discuten estrategias de prevención de la preeclampsia en Latinoamérica. Con estos resultados, se pueden afirmar que, describir las mejores estrategias de prevención de la preeclampsia en Latinoamérica es una tarea pendiente, pues existe una relativa carencia de publicaciones. En consecuencia, se espera que esta revisión motive futuras investigaciones y sea un recurso útil en la actualización médica.

Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy that is evident during the last weeks of it. Globally, preeclampsia is the second leading cause of maternal mortality. It is estimated that the incidence is approximately 16% in developing countries, and reaches over 25% in some Latin American countries. The main strategies for the prevention of preeclampsia and their relevance in the Latin American context will be described. The search for information took place in PubMed and BVS for publications on preeclampsia prevention, using the search expression (“Disease Prevention” OR “Primary Prevention”) AND (Pre-eclampsia OR Pre-eclampsia OR “Pre eclampsia”) AND (“Latin America” OR “Central America” OR “South America” OR Caribbean). In PubMed we found 60 and in VHL 42 results that respond to the search expression, and 18 articles were selected that discuss prevention strategies for preeclampsia in Latin America. With these results, it is possible to afirm that describing the best strategies for the prevention of preeclampsia in Latin America is a pending task, since there is a relative lack of publications. Consequently, it is hoped that this review will motivate future research and be a useful resource in medical updating.

Aumento de pantorrillas con implantes subfascial

Objetivo: El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar las cirugías de aumento de pantorrillas realizadas por el autor principal describiendo características clínicas de los pacientes, tipos de implantes utilizados y detalles de la técnica quirúrgica con bolsillo subfascial. Material y Método: Estudio de tipo observacional retrospectivo de una serie de 19 pacientes que se realizaron aumento de pantorrilla bilateral por motivos estéticos en una clínica privada en el periodo 2009-2018. Resultados: Todos los pacientes consultaron por piernas delgadas de carácter estético y se les realizó aumento gemelar interno con implantes bilaterales subfascial. En 78% de los casos se utilizó implante de base simétrica y 22% implante de base asimétrica. Hubo 2 complicaciones menores. Discusión: Es necesario contar con mayor variedad de implantes que combinen diferentes medidas de longitud, ancho y proyección que se adecuen a las variables anatomías particulares de cada paciente. Conclusiones: La técnica de implantes de silicona en bolsillo subfascial es satisfactoria con pocas complicaciones. Su éxito depende del correcto balance entre bolsillo e implante. Debería existir mayor variedad de implantes ajustables para cada paciente.

Objective: The objective of the present study is to analyze the calf augmentation surgeries performed by the main author, describing patients' clinical characteristics, types of implants used and details of the surgical technique with subfascial pocket. Materials and Method: A retrospective observational study of a series of 19 patients who underwent bilateral calf augmentation for cosmetic reasons in a private clinic in the period 2009-2018. Results: All patients consulted for slim cosmetic legs, an internal calf augmentation was performed with bilateral implants. In 78% of cases, a symmetrical based implant was used and 22% asymmetric based implant. There were 2 minor complications. Discussion: It is necessary to have a greater variety of implants that combine different measures of length, width and projection that are adapted to the variable anatomies of each patient. Conclusions: Subfascial pocket silicone implant technique is satisfactory with good results and few complications. Its success depends on the correct balance between pocket and implant. It seems that there is not yet a variety of adjustable implants for each patient on the market.

Non-surgical rapid maxillary expansion with mini-implants in adults: a narrative review / Expansión rápida maxilar no quirúrgica con miniimplantes en adultos: una revisión narrativa

Introduction: In recent years, rapid maxillary expansion (RME) in prepubertal growth stages has been deeply investigated; however, its study has recently been increasing in adults without need for surgery. The objective of this review is to present the results reported in the scientific literature about RME in adults. Material and Methods: Six databases were used to carry out the secondary search of the review. The search was performed virtually and studies from the last six years were considered, with a last search performed until November, 2022. Results: A total of 253 studies were found, from which 20 studies were finally selected. RME in adults can result in substantial expansion similar to that obtained in patients who have not yet completed the ossification of the mid-palatal suture. Conclusion: The reviewed scientific literature shows evidence that there are various devices supported by mini-implants as non-surgical treatment options to correct transverse deficiency and help expand the maxilla in adult patients.

Introducción: En los últimos años se ha investigado profundamente la expansión maxilar rápida (ERM) en etapas de crecimiento prepuberal; sin embargo, recientemente se ha ido incrementando su estudio en adultos sin necesidad de cirugía. El objetivo de esta revisión es presentar los resultados reportados en la literatura científica sobre ERM en adultos. Material y Métodos: Se utilizaron seis bases de datos para realizar la búsqueda secundaria de la revisión. La búsqueda se realizó de manera virtual y se consideraron estudios de los últimos seis años, con una última búsqueda realizada hasta noviembre de 2022. Resultados: Se encontraron un total de 253 estudios, de los cuales finalmente se seleccionaron 20 estudios. La ERM en adultos puede dar como resultado una expansión sustancial similar a la obtenida en pacientes que aún no han completado la osificación de la sutura palatina media. Conclusión: La literatura científica revisada muestra evidencia que existen diversos dispositivos apoyados en mini-implantes como opciones de tratamiento no quirúrgico para corregir la deficiencia transversal y ayudar a generar disyunción maxilar en pacientes adultos.

A qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde em adolescentes e adultos jovens com doença inflamatória intestinal está mais associada à redução na produtividade escolar e no trabalho do que ao comprometimento físico: um estudo multidisciplinar / Health-related quality of life in adolescents and young adults with inflammatory bowel disease is associated with reduction in school and work productivity rather than physical impairment: a multidisciplinary study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), comprising Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are chronic inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract that often have their onset among adolescents and young adults (AYA). IBD are characterized by episodes of active disease interspersed with periods of remission, and its activity is inversely correlated with health-related quality of life (HRQL). OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine whether AYA in remission or with low IBD activity would exhibit HRQL similar to that of age-matched healthy individuals, and whether demographic and disease factors could affect HRQL using a 'patient-reported outcome' instrument. METHODS: This study enrolled only AYA with IBD, with low activity. This research included five multidisciplinary clinics of two academic hospitals: Paediatric Gastroenterology, Gastroenterology, Coloproctology, Paediatric Rheumatology and Adolescent divisions, São Paulo, Brazil. A total of 59 AYA with IBD (age, 13-25 years) and 60 healthy AYA (age, 13-25 years) completed the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 and 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey questionnaires and the visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain. Demographic data, extra-intestinal manifestations, treatment, and outcomes regarding CD and UC were evaluated. RESULTS: AYA with IBD and healthy controls were similar with respect to median ages (18.63 [13.14-25.80] years vs 20.5 [13.68-25.84] years, P=0.598), proportion of female sex (42% vs 38%, P=0.654), and percentage of upper middle/middle Brazilian socioeconomic classes (94% vs 97%, P=0.596). The school/work score was significantly lower in AYA with IBD than in healthy controls (70 [10-100] vs 75 [5-100], P=0.037). The 'general health-perception' score was significantly lower in AYA with IBD than in healthy controls (50 [10-80] vs 0 [25-90], P=0.0002). The median VAS, FACES pain rating scale, and total VAS scores were similar between the two groups (2 [0-10] vs 3 [0-9], P=0.214). No association between HRQL and clinical and demographic parameters was identified among IBD patients. CONCLUSION: AYA with low IBD activity reported poor HRQL in school/work and general health perception domains, which highlights a disability criterion in this vulnerable population.

RESUMO CONTEXTO: As doenças inflamatórias intestinais (DII), que englobam a doença de Crohn e a colite ulcerativa, são doenças inflamatórias crônicas do trato gastrointestinal que frequentemente se manifestam em adolescentes e adultos jovens (AAJ). As DII são caracterizadas por episódios de doença ativa intercalados com períodos de remissão, e sua atividade se correlaciona inversamente com a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (QVRS). OBJETIVO: Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar se AAJ em remissão ou com baixa atividade de DII exibiria QVRS semelhante à de indivíduos saudáveis pareados por idade, e se fatores demográficos da doença poderiam afetar a QVRS usando um instrumento de medidas de desfecho relatadas pelo paciente. MÉTODOS: Este estudo envolveu apenas AAJ com DII, com baixa atividade. Esta pesquisa incluiu cinco clínicas multidisciplinares de dois Hospitais Universitários: Divisões de Gastroenterologia Pediátrica, Gastroenterologia, Coloproctologia, Reumatologia Pediátrica e Adolescentes, São Paulo, Brasil. Um total de 59 AAJ com DII (13-25 anos de idade) e 60 AAJ controle saudáveis (13-25 anos de idade) responderam os questionários Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 e 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey e as escalas visuais de dor. Dados demográficos, manifestações extra intestinais, tratamentos e desfechos da doença de Crohn e a colite ulcerativa foram avaliados. RESULTADOS: AAJ com DII e os controles saudáveis foram grupos semelhantes com relação à média de idade (18,63 [13,14-25,80] vs 20,5 [13,68-25,84] anos, P=0,598), quanto à proporção de pacientes do sexo feminino (42% vs 38%, P=0,654), e quanto à porcentagem da classe socioeconômica brasileira média elevada/ média (94% vs 97%, P=0,596). Os escores escola/trabalho foram significativamente mais baixos nos AAJ com DII do que nos controles saudáveis (70 [10-100] vs 75 [5-100], P=0,037). O escore 'percepção geral de saúde' foi significativamente mais baixo nos AAJ com DII do que no agrupamento controle saudável (50 [10-80] vs 0 [25-90], P=0,0002). As escalas de avaliação visual de dor foram semelhantes entre os dois grupos (2 [0-10] vs 3 [0-9], P=0,214). Nenhuma associação entre QVRS e parâmetros clínicos e demográficos foi identificada entre os pacientes com DII. CONCLUSÃO: AAJ com baixa atividade das DII relataram baixa QVRS nos domínios da escola/trabalho e percepção geral da saúde, o que destaca um critério de incapacidade nesta vulnerável população.

Association between temporomandibular disorder and condylar position in a university population / Asociación entre nivel de trastorno temporomandibular y posición condilar en una población universitaria

Aim: To determine the association between the level of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) and the condylar position in a university population. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in 41 university students between 18 and 27 years old (21±2.28). The level of TMD was determined using the Helkimo index modified by Maglione, whereas the condylar position was found radiographically by lateral scan. The association was evaluated using the Chi-square statistical test. Results: Statistically significant association was found between the TMD level and the condylar position in the female gender (p=0.003). The central condylar position was the most frequent in females (70.00%), while in males the highest frequency of condylar positions was posterior and anterior, 40.48% and 35.71% respectively. In mild TMD, the most frequent condylar position was central (46.34%), whilst non-centric positions were prevalent in moderate TMD, with 2.44%. There was no statistically significant association between the TMD level and the condylar position of the participants, nor in males (p>0.05). Conclusion: The TMD was associated with the condylar position in females of the university population studied, analyzed in lateral temporomandibular joint scans. Non-centric condylar positions were more frequent in the moderate TMD level and centric positions in mild TMD.

Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre el nivel de trastorno temporomandibular (TTM) y la posición condilar en una población universitaria. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal en 41 individuos universitarios entre 18 y 27 años (21±2.28). Se determinó el nivel de TTM mediante el índice de Helkimo modificado por Maglione, mientras que la posición condilar fue hallada radiográficamente mediante escanografía lateral. La asociación fue evaluada mediante la prueba estadística Chi-cuadrado. Resultados: Se halló asociación estadísticamente significativa entre el nivel de TTM y la posición condilar en el género femenino (p=0.003). La posición condilar central fue la más frecuente en las mujeres con un 70.00% de aparición, mientras que en los hombres la mayor frecuencia de posiciones condilares fue posterior y anterior con 40.48% y 35.71% respectivamente. En el TTM leve la posición condilar más frecuente fue la central con un 46.34% de aparición, mientras que las posiciones no-céntricas lo fueron en el TTM moderado con un 2.44%. No hubo asociación estadísticamente significativa entre el nivel de TTM y la posición condilar en el total de participantes, ni tampoco en el género masculino (p>0.05). Conclusión: Se encontró asociación entre el nivel de TTM y la posición condilar en escanografías laterales de articulación temporomanibular en el género femenino de la población universitaria estudiada, mientras que no se encontró en el total de muestra, ni en el género masculino. Las posiciones condilares no-céntricas fueron más frecuentes en el nivel de TTM moderado y las céntricas en el TTM leve.

Prevalence of dental anxiety in patients attending the dental service of two hospitals managed by the Ministry of Health of Peru / Prevalencia de ansiedad dental en pacientes del servicio de odontología de dos hospitales del Ministerio de Salud del Perú

Objective: To determine the level of dental anxiety in dental patients from two hospitals managed by the Ministry of Health of Peru, between August-September 2015. Material and Methods: Cross-sectional, comparative, and observational study, carried out between August and September 2015, including a total of 660 adult patients from the Dental Service of the Hospitals Regional Docente de Trujillo and Belén de Trujillo, Peru. A questionnaire based on the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) (Cronbach's Alpha=0.77) was applied to the participating subjects. Student's t test for independent groups and the Mann-Whitney U test were used for the analysis of the results, considering a significance level of 5%. Results: The mean total anxiety score for the population was 12.05 (SD=3.76). Females (mean=12.56) presented greater anxiety than males (mean=11.53) (p<0.001), young adults (Me=12.60) presented greater anxiety than subjects in mid-adulthood (Me=11.10) (p<0.001). No difference was found in terms of hospitals (p=0.386); 96.06% of the patients evaluated presented dental anxiety, 4.09% had extreme anxiety. Conclusion: The mean dental anxiety of the studied population coincides with the level of moderate anxiety. Females and young adults presented greater anxiety. No difference was found with respect to hospitals. Likewise, 96.06% of the evaluated patients presented dental anxiety, 4.09% had extreme anxiety.

Objetivo: Determinar la ansiedad dental en pacientes odontológicos de dos hospitales del Ministerio de Salud del Perú, agosto-septiembre, 2015.Material y Métodos: El presente estudio de corte transversal, comparativo y observacional, se desarrolló entre agosto y septiembre del 2015 e incluyó un total de 660 pacientes adultos del Servicio de Odontología de los hospitales Regional Docente de Trujillo y Belén de Trujillo. Se les aplicó un cuestionario basado en la Escala de Ansiedad Dental Modificada (Alfa de Cronbach=0.77). Para el análisis de resultados se empleó la prueba t de Student para grupos independientes y la prueba U de Mann-Whitney, considerando un nivel de significancia del 5%. Resultados: La puntuación media total de ansiedad para la población fue de 12.05 (DE=3.76), el sexo femenino (Me=12.56) presentó mayor ansiedad que el masculino (Me=11.53) (p<0.001), la adultez joven (Me=12.60) presentó mayor ansiedad que la adultez media (Me=11.10) (p<0.001). No se encontró diferencia en cuanto a hospital (p=0.386). El 96.06% de los pacientes evaluados presentaron ansiedad dental, siendo el 4.09% de ansiedad extrema. Conclusión: La ansiedad dental media de la población estudiada coincide en el nivel de ansiedad moderada. El sexo femenino y los adultos jóvenes presentaron mayor ansiedad. No se encontró diferencia con respecto a los hospitales. Asimismo, el 96.06% de los pacientes evaluados presentaron ansiedad dental, siendo el 4.09% de ansiedad extrema.

Herpetofauna of Matas de Água Azul, an Atlantic Forest remnant in Serra do Mascarenhas, Pernambuco state, Brazil / Herpetofauna das Matas de Água Azul, um remanescente de Mata Atlântica na Serra do Mascarenhas, estado de Pernambuco, Brasil

Abstract: The northern most portion of Atlantic Forest is currently considered as the most vulnerable and threatened in this ecoregion, while also harboring the ecoregion's least studied biota. Herein we present results of a herpetofaunistic survey in Refúgio de Vida Silvestre (Wildlife Refuge) Matas de Água Azul (RVSMAA), in the mountain range Serra do Mascarenhas, northeastern state of Pernambuco, Brazil, one of the largest forest remnants in the northern Atlantic Forest. The sampling was carried out in four expeditions using methods of visual searching and pitfall traps. A total of 43 species of amphibians and 40 species of reptiles were registered, including anurans, caecilians, lizards, snakes and chelonians. The richness recorded represented 56% of amphibians and 20% of reptiles registered in the Atlantic Forest north of the São Francisco River. The RVSMAA holds a high diversity of amphibians and reptiles, representing one of the highest levels of richness in the northern Atlantic Forest. The record of seven species included in some of the threatened species lists reinforces the importance of the area for the conservation of the Atlantic Forest herpetofauna and adds relevant information to our knowledge of northern Atlantic Forest biodiversity and aids in its assessment of conservation.

Resumo: Atualmente, a porção norte da Mata Atlântica é considerada a mais vulnerável, ameaçada e com menos estudos sobre a biota em toda sua extensão. Apresentamos aqui os resultados do inventário herpetofaunístico realizado no Refúgio de Vida Silvestre Matas de Água Azul (RVSMAA), localizada na cadeia de montanhas da Serra do Mascarenhas, estado de Pernambuco, Brasil, um dos maiores remanescentes florestais da porção norte da Mata Atlântica. A amostragem da área foi realizada em quatro expedições onde foram utilizados os métodos de busca visual e estações de armadilhas de interceptação e queda. Um total de 43 espécies de anfíbios e 40 de répteis foram registradas, incluindo anuros, cecílias, lagartos, serpentes e quelônios. A riqueza registrada representa 56% dos anfíbios e 20% dos répteis registrados para a Mata Atlântica ao norte do Rio São Francisco. O RVSMAA possui elevada diversidade de anfíbios e répteis, representando uma das maiores riquezas do norte da Mata Atlântica. O registro de sete espécies incluídas em alguma das listas de espécies ameaçadas para a região reforça a importância da área para a conservação da herpetofauna do Nordeste e acrescenta informações relevantes ao conhecimento e conservação da biodiversidade da Mata Atlântica ao norte do Rio São Francisco.

Crowding of anterior teeth and bullying in schoolchildren / Apiñamiento de dientes anteriores y bullying en escolares

Objective: To compare the crowding of anterior teeth in schoolchildren with and without experience of bullying. Materials and Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional, comparative and observational study was conducted in two educational institutions, one public and one private; The sample consisted of 218 schoolchildren between 11 and 16 years of age. Dental crowding was evaluated in the upper and lower anterior sector using Little's irregularity index. To diagnose bullying, a previously validated questionnaire was applied, with dichotomized questions. The comparison between crowding in patients with and without experience of bullying was evaluated with the U-Mann Whitney statistical test. Results:Statistically significant differences in the amount of crowding (p<0.05) were found. The average crowding for the group subjected to bullying was 11.6 +/- 9.4 mm and in the group without bullying was 9.1+/- 7.9 mm. Conclusion: There was a higher amount of dental crowding in schoolchildren subjected to bullying compared to schoolchildren with no bullying.

Objetivo: Comparar el apiñamiento de dientes anteriores en escolares con y sin experiencia de acoso escolar (bullying). Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, transversal, comparativo y observacional en dos instituciones educativas, una pública y otra privada; La muestra estuvo conformada por en 218 escolares entre 11 y 16 años de edad. El apiñamiento dental se evaluó en el sector anterior superior e inferior utilizando el índice de irregularidad de Little. Para diagnosticar acoso escolar, se aplicó un cuestionario validado previamente, con preguntas dicotomizadas. La comparación entre el apiñamiento en pacientes con y sin experiencia de acoso escolar se evaluó con la prueba estadística U-Mann Whitney. Resultados: Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas la cantidad de apiñamiento (p<0.05). El apiñamiento promedio para el grupo sometido a acoso escolar fue de 11.6 +/- 9.4 mm y en el grupo sin acoso escolar fue de 9.1 +/- 7.9 mm. Conclusion: Hubo un mayor grado de apiñamiento dental en los escolares sometidos al acoso escolar en comparación con los escolares sin acoso escolar.

Prediction of the mesiodistal width of maxillary anterior teeth from nasal interalar width in peruvian subjects with facial harmony

Objective: To determine regression models to predict the mesiodistal widths of the maxillary anterior teeth from interalar width of the nose in subjects with facial harmony. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in a sample of 75 subjects with facial harmony and ages ranging from 18 to 30 years (21.28±3.75 years). The mesiodistal width of the central (CI), lateral (LI) incisors, and canines (C), as well as the interalar width (IW) of each subject were measured using a digital vernier caliper. Simple linear regression analyses were used to predict the width of the maxillary anterior teeth from the nasal interalar width, from which formulas for predicting the dimensions of each anterior tooth were obtained. Results: A statistically significant relationship was found between the nasal interalar width and the mesiodistal widths of the upper central incisor (p=0.019, R2=5.23%), upper lateral incisor (p=0.019, R2=2.31%), and upper canine (p=0.016, R2=12.04%) that allowed to develop simple linear prediction models for each tooth represented by the following formulas: CI=7.04+0.04(IW); LI=6.01+0.03 (IW); C=6.19+0.05 (IW). Conclusion: The nasal interalar width is a good predictor of the mesiodistal widths of the maxillary anterior teeth.

Objectivo: Determinar modelos de regresión para predecir los anchos mesiodistales de los dientes anterosuperiores a partir del ancho interalar de la nariz en individuos con armonía facial. Materiales and Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal con una muestra de 75 sujetos con armonía facial entre 18 a 30 años (21.28 ± 3.75 años), se midió el ancho mesiodistal de incisivos centrales (IC), laterales (IL) y caninos (C) así como el ancho interalar (AI) de cada sujeto empleando un calibrador vernier digital. Para la predicción del ancho de los dientes anterosuperiores a partir del ancho interalar nasal se emplearon análisis de regresión lineal simple, a partir de los cuales se obtuvieron fórmulas de predicción de las dimensiones de cada pieza dentaria anterior. Resultados: Se encontró relación estadísticamente significativa entre el ancho interalar nasal y los anchos mesiodistales del incisivo central superior (p=0.019, R2 5.23%), incisivo lateral superior (=0.019, R2=2.31%) y canino superior (p=0.016, R2=12.04%) que permitieron generar modelos de predicción lineal simple para cada pieza dentaria representados mediante las siguientes fórmulas: IC=7.04+0.04(AI); IL=6.01+0.03(AI); C=6.19+0.05(AI). Conclusión:El ancho interalar nasal es un buen predictor de los anchos mesiodistales de los dientes anterosuperiores.

Membrana de circulación extracorpórea en shock obstructivo secundario a enfermedad linfoproliferativa / Oxygenation with extracorporeal membrane in obstructive shock secondary to lymphoproliferative disease

La membrana de oxigenación extracorpórea arteriovenosa se utiliza cuando ocurre falla hemodinámica y respiratoria refractaria al tratamiento convencional; brinda soporte hemodinamico transitorio, oxigenacion y remocion de CO2, y permite reposo pulmonar. Asimismo ofrece la posibilidad de realizar ventilación ultraprotectiva y evitar la generación de VILI (Ventilation-Induced Lung Injury). No ha sido demostrada su utilización como una terapia frecuente en los casos con insuficiencia hemodinámica secundaria a shock obstructivo por afectación mediastínica. Presentamos el caso de un paciente con shock obstructivo por una masa mediastínica de origen linfoproliferativo tratada con membrana de circulación arteriovenosa extracorpórea.

The arteriovenous extracorporeal membrane is used in patients with hemodynamic and respiratory failure, unresponsive to conventional treatment. It provides transitory hemodynamic support, oxygenation and removal of CO2, allowing pulmonary rest. Moreover it offers the possibility of ultraprotective ventilation and avoids generation of VILI (Ventilation-Induced Lung Injury). It is not frequently used in patients with hemodynamic failure secondary to obstructive shock due to mediastinal compromise. We present the case of a patient with obstructive shock, mediastinal mass of lymphoproliferative origin that was treated with extracorporeal arteriovenous circulation membrane.

Relationship between the inner intercanthal distance and the mesiodistal dimension of maxillary anterior teeth in a peruvian population with facial harmony / Relación entre la distancia intercantal interna y la dimensión mesiodistal de dientes anterosuperiores en una población peruana con armonía facial

Objective: To determine the relationship between the inner intercanthal distance and the mesiodistal dimension of the maxillary anterior teeth in a Peruvian population with facial harmony. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study on a sample of 75 Peruvian subjects with facial harmony, with ages ranging between 18 and 30 years, was conducted. The inner intercanthal distance and the mesiodistal dimension of maxillary anterior teeth of each subject were measured with a digital vernier caliper. The relationship was evaluated by simple linear regression analysis. Results: A statistically significant direct relationship was found between the dimension of the inner intercanthal distance with the mesiodistal width of the lateral incisors (p=0.040, R2=5.65%), canines (p=0.032, R2=6.17%), and the total mesiodistal sum of the six anterior teeth (p=0.040, R2=5.63%), but not with the central incisors (p=0.273, R2=1.64%). Conclusion: The inner intercanthal distance showed a direct relationship with the total mesiodistal linear dimension of the maxillary anterior teeth, with the mesiodistal dimensions of the lateral incisors and canines in a Peruvian population with facial harmony.

Determinar la relación entre la distancia intercantal interna y la dimensión mesiodistal de los dientes anterosuperiores en individuos peruanos con armonía facial. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal en una muestra de 75 individuos peruanos con armonía facial entre 18 a 30 años. Se midió la distancia intercantal interna y la dimensión mesiodistal de dientes anterosuperiores de cada sujeto con un calibrador vernier digital. La relación fue evaluada mediante análisis de regresión lineal simple. Resultados: Se encontró relación directa estadísticamente significativa entre la dimensión de la distancia intercantal interna con el ancho mesiodistal de los incisivos laterales (p=0.040, R2=5.65%), caninos (p=0.032, R2=6.17%) y la suma total mesiodistal de los seis dientes anteriores (p=0.040, R2=5.63%), más no con los incisivos centrales (p=0.273, R2=1.64%). Conclusión: La distancia intercantal interna mostró relación directa con la dimensión lineal mesiodistal total de los dientes anterosuperiores, con las dimensiones mesiodistales de los incisivos laterales y de caninos en individuos peruanos con armonía facial.

Glabellar vertical line as a reference goal for anteroposterior maxillary position

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of glabellar vertical line (GVL) as the anteroposterior maxillary position goal. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted assessing 129 participants (20.21 ± 1.99 years): 67 women (20.16 ± 1.99 years), and 62 males (20.26 ± 2.06 years). The facial profile photographs were taken with a posed smile in natural head position. The linear distance from the most facial convexity of the upper central incisor (FA) to the goal anterior-limit line (GALL) and also from FA to GVL were measured and compared. Wilcoxon signed-ranks test was applied. To determine the correlation between the distances, Spearman's correlation coefficient was used. Simple and multiple linear regression were also performed. Results: The GALL-GVL separation was 0.54 ± 1.14 mm (95%CI: 0.34-0.74). A strong correlation between FA-GALL and FA-GVL distances (Spearman's rho=0.983 [95%CI: 0.976-0.988], p< 0.01) was identified. The FA-GVL distance explains almost all the total variation of FA-GALL (R2=95.84%, p< 0.01). The FA-GALL distance can be predicted by using the formula: FA-GALL=0.5+0.9*(FA-GVL). Conclusion: These findings suggest that GVL could be used as an easier-to-use treatment goal to determine the maxillary anteroposterior position, compared to GALL, to improve facial harmony profile goals in cases where the maxillary incisors are properly positioned anteroposteriorly.

RESUMO Objetivo: o objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o uso da linha vertical glabelar (GVL) como referência para a posição anteroposterior da maxila. Métodos: esse estudo transversal avaliou 129 pacientes (20,21 ± 1,99 anos), sendo 67 mulheres (20,16 ± 1,99 anos) e 62 homens (20,26 ± 2,06 anos). As fotografias de perfil foram realizadas com os pacientes em sorriso posado e em posição natural de cabeça. As distâncias lineares entre a porção mais convexa da face vestibular do incisivo central superior (FA) e a linha do limite anterior (GALL), e entre a FA e a GVL foram mensuradas e comparadas. Para a análise comparativa, utilizou-se o teste de postos sinalizados de Wilcoxon. O coeficiente de correlação de Spearman avaliou a correlação. Além disso, foi realizada regressão linear múltipla. Resultados: a distância entre GALL e GVL foi de 0,54 ± 1,14mm (95% IC: 0,34-0,74). Uma forte correlação foi identificada entre as distâncias FA-GALL e FA-GVL (Spearman's rho = 0,983 (95%IC: 0,976-0,988), p< 0,01). A distância FA-GVL contempla quase todas as variações de FA-GALL (R2 = 95,84%, p< 0,01). Essa distância pode ser calculada através da fórmula: FA-GALL= 0,5 + 0,9*(FA-GVL). Conclusão: os resultados encontrados sugerem que a GVL pode ser adotada como uma referência de fácil utilização na determinação da posição anteroposterior da maxila, quando comparada à GALL para a melhora do perfil facial nos casos em que os incisivos superiores estão corretamente posicionados.

Impact of the need for orthodontic treatment on academic performance, self-esteem and bullying in schoolchildren / Impacto de la necesidad de tratamiento ortodóntico en el rendimiento académico, autoestima y bullying en escolares

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the need for orthodontic treatment on academic performance, self-esteem and bullying in schoolchildren. Material and methods: This cross-sectional study included a total of 147 school children between 12 and 18 years of age. Academic performance was measured taking into account the final average grades for all the courses; for self-esteem and bullying, scores obtained with validated questionnaires were used. The Dental Aesthetic Index was used to determine the need for orthodontic treatment. The Kruskal Wallis test was used for the comparisons between the scores for academic performance, self-esteem and bullying according to each category of need for orthodontic treatment; a level of significance of 5% was considered.Results: The results showed mean academic performance scores of 13.6, 12.5, 12.9, 13.2 for those who did not need orthodontic treatment, those with defined malocclusion, severe malocclusion and very severe malocclusion, respectively; for self-esteem the scores were 21.6, 20.9, 21.0 and 20.5; and for bullying, 14.2, 15.4, 14.5 and 13.0. No statistically significant differences were found between the scores in the different groups evaluated (p>0.05). Conclusion: The need for orthodontic treatment in schoolchildren showed no impact on academic performance, self-esteem and bullying. The need for orthodontic treatment, as measured by the Dental Aesthetic Index, did not prove to be a determining factor in the presence of such variables in schoolchildren.

Objetivo: El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el impacto de la necesidad de tratamiento ortodóntico en el rendimiento académico, autoestima y bullying en escolares. Material y métodos: El estudio transversal, incluyó un total de 147 escolares de 12 y 18 años de edad. El rendimiento académico fue medido mediante los promedios finales de todos los cursos de estudio, para la autoestima y el bullying se emplearon puntuaciones obtenidas con cuestionarios validados, y para determinar la necesidad de tratamiento ortodóntico se utilizó el Índice de Estética Dental. Las comparaciones entre las puntuaciones del rendimiento académico, autoestima y bullying según cada categoría de necesidad de tratamiento ortodóntico se empleó la prueba Kruskal Wallis, considerando un nivel de significancia del 5%. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron puntuaciones promedio de rendimiento académico de 13.6, 12.5, 12.9, 13.2 para quienes que no necesitaron de tratamiento ortodontico, con maloclusión definida, maloclusión severa y maloclusión muy grave respectivamente; para la autoestima las puntuaciones fueron de 21.6, 20.9, 21.0 y 20.5; mientras que, para el bullying de 14.2, 15.4, 14.5 y 13.0. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las puntuaciones en los diversos grupos evaluados (p>0.05).Conclusión: La necesidad de tratamiento ortodóntico en escolares no evidenció impacto en el rendimiento académico, autoestima y bullying. La necesidad de tratamiento de ortodoncia, medida mediante el Índice de Estética Dental, no mostró ser un factor determinante de la presencia de dichas variables en escolares.

Dental arch width in overweight and normal-weight subjects / Comparación de los anchos de los arcos dentarios en sujetos con y sin sobrepeso

Objective: To compare the width of the dental arches between overweight and non-overweight subjects . Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was carried out with 54 subjects from 8 to 13 years of age, 27 normal-weight and 27 overweight. The presence of overweight was assessed according to the Quetelet index. To determine the width of the dental arches, measurements of the upper and lower intercanine and intermolar width were obtained with a digital calibrated Vernier caliper. The comparison between the dental arch width of normal-weight and overweight subjects was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Statistically significant differences were found in the intercanine and intermolar widths between overweight and non-overweight subjects (p<0.05). Conclusion: The dental arches were wider in overweight subjects compared to those of normal-weight.

Comparar los anchos de los arcos dentarios en sujetos con sobrepeso y sin sobrepeso. Materiales y Método: Se realizó un estudio transversal comparativo. Se evaluaron 54 sujetos de 8 a 13 años de edad, 27 sin sobrepeso y 27 con sobrepeso. La presencia de sobrepeso se evaluó según el índice de Quetelet. Para determinar los anchos de los arcos dentarios, se analizaron, en los modelos de estudio de cada grupo, las medidas de los anchos intercanino e intermolar superior e inferior con un vernier calibrado digital. La comparación de los anchos de los arcos dentarios de los sujetos con sobrepeso y sin sobrepeso se realizó mediante la prueba U de Mann-Whitney. Resultados: Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en los anchos intercanino e intermolar entre los sujetos con sobrepeso y sin sobrepeso (p<0.05). Conclusión: Los anchos de los arcos dentarios fueron mayores en sujetos con sobrepeso que en sujetos sin sobrepeso.

Influencia del medio de cultivo sobre la cinética de crecimiento y expresión de la proteína recombinante Rv2626c de Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv expresada en Streptomyces lividans TK24 / Influence of the culture medium on the kinetics of growth and expression of the recombinant protein Rv2626c of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv expressed in Streptomyces lividans TK24

Streptomyces lividans, ha ganado gran atención en los últimos tiempos, como vector de expresión y producción de proteínas de Mycobacterium tuberculosis de interés biomédico, como alternativa a su obtención tradicional en E. coli. La proteína Rv2626c, Proteína de Respuesta Hipóxica 1, es codificada por el gen Rv2626c (hrp1) de M. tuberculosis, perteneciente al regulón de la fase de latencia DosR. Esta proteína se sobre-expresa en la fase de latencia de la tuberculosis bajo condiciones de estrés como hipoxia y bajos niveles, de óxido nítrico. Se ha demostrado la inmunogenicidad y capacidad de esta proteína, de inducir citocinas características del patrón Th-1, tales como el interferón gamma. Por ello, nuestro grupo logró la obtención de Rv2626c por la tecnología del ADN recombinante usando como cepa hospedera Streptomyces lividans TK24. Con el objetivo de aumentar el nivel de expresión de la proteína recombinante, rRv2626c en este trabajo se ensayaron diferentes medios de cultivo, evaluando el crecimiento de la cepa transformada en condiciones de zaranda. Se determinó la cinética de crecimiento en el medio definido, formulado industrialmente en el Centro Nacional de Biopreparados: caldo Triptona Soya (TSB-BioCen) y en medio de cultivo equivalente preparado en el laboratorio. Para establecer la cinética de crecimiento, se utilizó el cálculo del peso seco y la determinación de la concentración de proteínas totales por la técnica de ácido bicinconinico (BCA) a diferentes tiempos del cultivo. Posteriormente, se identificó la proteína clonada mediante SDS-PAGE y Western Blotting, así como los niveles de expresión mediante análisis densitométrico. Los resultados indican que se alcanzaron los máximos niveles de densidad celular a las 36 h de cultivo y los más altos niveles de expresión proteica total y específica entre las 42 y 54 h. Con el medio químicamente definido TSB-Biocen preformulado en lugar del preparado en el laboratorio partiendo de los componentes, se logró reducir el tiempo óptimo para la expresión-secreción de la proteína rv2626c de 96 a 54 h. Los mejores resultados en la promoción de la expresión de la proteína recombinante se lograron con el medio definido TSB-BioCen, a las 48 h con 8,5% de rendimiento específico, superando en más de 10 veces los niveles de crecimiento celular obtenidos con el medio elaborado en el laboratorio y más de dos veces los niveles de secreción de la proteína recombinante(AU)

The use of Streptomyces as a bacterial cell factory for the secretory production of bio-active Mycobacterium tuberculosis proteins have gained a lot of attention in recent years, as a convenient alternative to the traditionally used Escherichia coli. The protein Rv2626c protein, also known as Hypoxic Response Protein 1 (HRP1), is encoded by the gene rv2626c (hrp1) of M. tuberculosis which belongs to the Dormancy Safety Regulator (DosR) regulon. This protein is over-expressed during the latency phase of tuberculosis under stress related conditions such as hypoxia and low, non-toxic, levels of nitric oxide and, the immunogenicity and ability to induce cytokines characteristic of the Th-1 pattern of this protein, such as gamma interferon, have been demonstrated. On this basis, our working group, succeeded in obtaining rRv2626c via recombinant DNA technology using Streptomyces lividans TK24 as the host cell. To improve the expression level of the protein, different culture media were used to evaluate the growth of the transformed strain in shaken flask conditions. Growth kinetic for the recombinant strain was evaluated in defined media of preformulated tryptic soya broth (TSB-Biocen), through the determination of dry weight as well as total protein concentration by Bicinconinic acid assay (BCA). Protein identification was done by SDS-PAGE, Western Blot and its expression level by densitometric analysis. Our results indicated a maximal cell density at 36 h of culture, with higher concentration of total and specific protein at 42-54 h in comparison with previous media used. With the chemically defined media a preformulated TSB-Biocen rather than individual components, culture time for expression/secretion of rRv2626c was reduced from 96 h to 54 h. The best results in expression-secretion levels of rv2626c protein were obtained with the TSB-Biocen defined media at 48 h of culture with 8.5% of specific yield. More than 10 fold increase in cellular growth and more than 2 fold increase in specific yield(AU)

Bullying in schoolchildren according to Angle's classifications of malocclusion

Objective: to compare bullying in schoolchildren according diffe-rent types of Angle's malocclusion. materials and methods: a cross-sectional and prospective study was performed. 217 schoolchildren were evaluated. a scale-adapted validated questionnaire was applied to measure general bullying. malocclusion was classified according to Angle's classification. comparison in bullying between different types of malocclusions was performed by Kruskal Wallis non-parametric test. multiple linear regression analysis was also performed. results: no statistically significant differences in bullying between the different types of Angle's malocclusion was found (p=0.295). multiple linear regression applied to bullying scores treated as dependent variable with malocclusion, sex, and age showed no influence of these variables on bullying (R2=0.0027, p>0.05). conclusion: bullying in schoolchildren does not differ according Angle's classification of malocclusion. further studies are necessary to emphasize the assessment of bullying related to malocclusion of anterior teeth.

Snoring in individuals with and without maxillary constriction

Objective: compare snoring in individuals with and without maxillary constriction. methods: 124 individuals (mean age, 40.53; SD, 15.59), 81 women and 43 men were evaluated. two groups were formed, 62 individuals with and 62 without maxillary constriction. to assess the snoring, a visual analog scale of snoring severity was used. comparison of snoring scores between groups was performed by the U Mann-Whitney test. simple and multiple linear regressions were also performed. results: the mean snoring scores of the group with maxillary constriction was 3.00+/-2.96, while in the group without maxillary constriction it was 3.87+/-2.90. no statistically significant differences between snoring scores in individuals with and without maxillary constriction was found (p=0.105). the variability of snoring scores was not explained by the presence of maxillary constriction (p=0.100, R2=2.20 percent). conclusion: there was no different between the snoring scores in individuals with and without maxillary constriction. maxillary constriction alone does not influence snoring.

Correlation between self-perception of need for orthodontic treatment in pregnant women and the perception of oral health professionals

Objective: to determine the correlation between the self-perception of need for orthodontic treatment in pregnant women and the perception of oral health professionals. material and methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 30 pregnant women, whose self-perception of the need for orthodontic treatment was assessed through the aesthetic component of the Index of orthodontic treatment need (IOTN). a panel of oral health professionals (OHP) composed by a dental surgeon and an orthodontist also evaluated the aesthetic perception for each pregnant woman, independently, using the same method. the correlation between the IOTN scores was evaluated using the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and the resulting correlations were compared by the Eid-Gollwitzer-Schnmidt significance of correlations test. results: a moderate-positive, statistically significant correlation was found between the IOTN of the pregnant women and those of the dental surgeon (0.507, p=0.004) and of the orthodontist (0.451, p=0.013). between the dental surgeon and the orthodontist, the correlation was very high-positive and statistically significant (0.957, p<0.001). the OHP panel reported greater correlation than those involving the pregnant women (p<0.001). conclusion: the perception of pregnant women of the need for orthodontic treatment increased moderately similar to the perception of the OHP. the pregnant women showed less consistency in their perception than the OHP, demonstrating low awareness of need for orthodontic treatment by pregnant women.

The use of targeted selective treatments on controlling gastrointestinal nematodes in different sheep categories under grazing system / O uso de tratamentos seletivos no controle de nematóides gastrointestinais em diferentes categorias de ovinos sob sistema de pastejo

Infections with gastrointestinal nematodes can impair both the animal health and performance. Thereby, the aim of this study was to evaluate the use of targeted selective treatments as the FAMACHA© system and faecal egg count on controlling gastrointestinal nematodes in different sheep categories under grazing system. Thirty Santa Inês sheep, six in each category (six weaning, six weaned lambs, six non-pregnant ewes, six pregnant ewes and six lactating ewes were used. Sheep were weighed, and blood and faecal samples were collected on day 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 for determination of faecal egg count (FEC), packed cell volume (PCV), total plasma protein (PPT) and the mucosa colour by FAMACHA© system in the morning (1) and afternoon (2). The faecal egg count was higher (p=0.0039) in weaning and weaned lambs compared to the non-pregnant, pregnant and lactating ewes. Also, FEC differed between ewes with higher counts in lactating ewes. The observation of eye mucosae showed a frequency of 100% of FAMACHA© scores ranged of 2.45 to 2.91 in the morning, differing (p=0.0494) among the categories, where weaned lambs showed better score. The animal categories and period interaction had a significant (p=0.0148) effect on FAMACHA© score 1 with better score in weaned lambs compared to the pregnant ewes at day 0, 15 and 75. In addition, weaned lambs were presented better FAMACHA© score compared with weaning lambs and lactating ewes at day 45 than weaning lambs at day 60 and 75. Packed cell volume in the morning and in the afternoon was influenced by days of collection with lower percentage at 30 days of experiment. The FAMACHA© system seems to be a suitable method to detect parasite infections. However, use of all available methods increases the accuracy of the diagnosis and promotes better control of gastrointestinal nematodes in grazing sheep.(AU)

Infecções por nematóides gastrointestinais podem prejudicar tanto a saúde como o desempenho animal. Diante disso, objetivou avaliar o uso de tratamentos seletivos como o sistema FAMACHA© e a contagem de ovos por grama de fezes no controle de nematóides gastrointestinais em diferentes categorias de ovinos sob sistema de pastejo. Trinta ovelhas Santa Inês, seis em cada categoria (seis cordeiros lactentes, seis cordeiros desmamados, seis ovelhas não-prenhes, seis ovelhas prenhes e seis ovelhas lactantes) foram utilizadas. Os ovinos foram pesados, amostras de sangue e fezes foram coletadas nos dias 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 para determinação de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG), volume globular (VG), proteínas plasmáticas totais (PPT) e avaliação da mucosa ocular pelo sistema FAMACHA© pela manhã (1) e pela tarde (2). A contagem de ovos por grama de fezes foi maior (p=0,0039) nos cordeiros lactentes e desmamados comparado às ovelhas não prenhes, prenhes e lactantes. Também o OPG diferiu entre ovelhas com maior contagem em ovelhas lactantes. A observação da mucosa ocular mostrou que a frequência do escore FAMACHA© variou de 2,45 a 2,91 pela manhã, diferindo (p=0,0494) entre categorias, aonde cordeiros desmamados mostraram melhor escore. A interação categoria animal e período teve um efeito significante no escore FAMACHA© 1 com melhor escore em cordeiros desmamados comparado às ovelhas prenhes nos dias 0, 15 e 75. Além disso, cordeiros desmamados apresentaram melhor escore FAMACHA© comparado com os cordeiros lactentes e ovelhas lactantes aos 45 dias e com cordeiros lactentes nos dias 60 e 75. O volume globular pela manhã e pela tarde foi influenciado pelos dias de coleta com menor porcentagem aos 30 dias de experimento. O Sistema FAMACHA© mostrou ser um método eficaz para detectar infecções parasitárias. Contudo, o uso de todos os métodos disponíveis aumenta a acurácia do diagnóstico e promove melhor controle de nematóides gastrointestinais em sistemas de pastejo.(AU)

Análisis comparativo de anticuerpos monoclonales en la respuesta inflamatoria pulmonar, en un modelo experimental de ventilación mecánica / Comparative analysis of monoclonal antibodies in the pulmonary inflammatory response, in an experimental model of mechanic ventilation

Objetivo: Evaluar si el pretratamiento con anticuerpos monoclonales antiFNTα y anti-IL-6, administrados de manera independiente, atenúa el daño pulmonar en un modelo experimental de lesión pulmonar inducida por la ventilación mecánica. Materiales y Métodos: Se utilizaron 24 ratas Wistar que fueron separadas en cuatro grupos experimentales: 1) bajo Vt (n = 6): Vt 7 ml/kg, PEEP 5 cmH2O, 2) alto Vt (n = 6): Vt 25 ml/kg, ZEEP (PEEP = 0), 3) anti-IL-6 (n = 6): Vt 25 ml/kg, ZEEP y 30 mg/kg de tocilizumab intraperitoneal 24 h antes de la ventilación mecánica, 4) anti-FNTα (n = 6): Vt 25 ml/kg, ZEEP y 100 ug/kg de adalimumab intraperitoneal 24 h antes de la ventilación mecánica. Se evaluaron el daño histológico cuantificado según el puntaje reportado por Villar et al y la hemodinamia medida con la presión arterial media. Los datos fueron analizados con ANOVA y las pruebas de comparaciones múltiples de Dunn y de Tukey. Resultados: En el grupo tratado con anti-FNTα y en los animales tratados con anti-IL-6, se observó un menor daño histológico pulmonar que en el resto de los grupos. Por otro lado, no se encontraron diferencias en la mecánica pulmonar y en la presión arterial media entre grupos. Conclusiones: Bajo estas condiciones experimentales, los anticuerpos monoclonales anti-FNTα y anti-IL-6 mostraron efectos protectores a nivel pulmonar, lo que postula a estas drogas como estrategias promisorias para atenuar la lesión pulmonar inducida por la ventilación mecánica.(AU)

Objective: To evaluate whether pretreatment with monoclonal antibodies, anti- TNFα and anti-IL-6 administered independently attenuates lung damage in an experimental model of ventilator-induced lung injury. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four Wistar rats were used. Animals were divided into four experimental groups: 1) low Vt (n = 6): Vt 7 mL/kg, PEEP 5 cmH2O; 2) high Vt (n = 6): Vt 25 mL/kg, ZEEP (PEEP = 0); 3) anti-IL-6 (n = 6): Vt 25 mL/kg, ZEEP, and intraperitoneal tocilizumab 30 mg/kg, 24 hours prior to mechanical ventilation; 4) anti-TNFα (n = 6): Vt 25 mL/kg, ZEEP, and intraperitoneal adalimumab 100 µg/kg, 24 hours before the VM. Histological damage measured by Villar score, and hemodynamics measured with mean arterial pressure were evaluated. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, Dunn's multiple comparison test and Tukey's multiple comparison test. Results: In groups treated with anti-TNFα and anti-IL-6, less histological damage was observed in comparison with the rest of groups. On the other hand, no statistically significant differences were found in pulmonary mechanics and mean arterial pressure among groups. Conclusions: Under these experimental conditions, monoclonal antibodies anti-TNFα and anti-IL-6 showed protective effects on lungs, indicating that these drugs are promising strategies to attenuate ventilator-induced lung injury (AU)