Biochemical assessment: findings from 20 years of the Tehran lipid and glucose study

Context: the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study [TLGS] is a community-based study to reveal the frequency of non-communicable diseases [NCDs] in Tehran's population. This research consists of two main parts, a cross-sectional study on the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and a 20-year-ongoing prospective cohort study, which was initiated in 1999 in several phases with an approximate duration of 3.6 years, and is still ongoing. The aim of the present study is review the 20 year biochemical findings of the TLGS related to the NCDs in a large sample

Methods: all articles on biochemical assessments derived from the TLGS from the earliest publications [2002] until 30 January 2018 were reviewed for their findings on different risk factors of NCDs

Results: according to the TLGS findings high sensitivity C-reactive protein [hs-CRP], interleukin-6 [IL-6], homocysteine [Hcy], age, smoking, hypertension, and obesity were the most important risk factors of cardiovascular diseases [CVD]. It was illustrated that in subjects with abdominal obesity, the hs-CRP and IL-6 serum levels were higher than in normal subjects. The most appropriate prognostic indexes and associations were for hs-CRP, IL-6, and Hcy with abdominal obesity, waist circumference, WHtR, and wrist circumference, respectively. Previous studies have demonstrated a direct relationship between obesity and serum levels of inflammatory factors

Conclusions: according to the results of TLGS, serum levels of biochemical risk factors such as hs-CRP, IL-6, and Hcy could be beneficial in early diagnosis and effective treatment of cardiovascular, obesity and other metabolic diseases

Genetic identification for non-communicable disease: findings from 20 years of the Tehran lipid and glucose study

Context: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study [TLGS], a longitudinal family based cohort study, is the oldest and largest longitudinal family based study in Iran, aimed at investigating effects of environmental, social and biological factors on the health of Tehranians over time. Considering the importance of genetic studies in this aspect, here we present a summary of the important genetic findings, and the potentiality of their contributions to future related projects

Evidence Acquisition: for all related studies during the past 20 years the search sources were all prominent search engines such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar with the most proper Medical Subject Headings [MeSH]

Results: this review summarizes associations of 6 binary phenotypes and 17 quantitative traits with genetic markers in 26 genes. Of the 47 genetic markers, studied most were related to cardio metabolic risk factors. Results of heritability and linkage analysis were also collected and the highest heritability was found to be related to HDL-C [0.5]

Conclusion: considering the opportunity provided by large-scale cohort studies to investigate molecular effects of genetic variants on causality and different omics' data, genetic studies conducted on TLGS population have had a remarkable success in identifying genetic variants that facilitating a unique genetic database on Iranian populations. The results of genome wide association studies in this population are currently facilitating investigations to define the Iranian genetic differences with other population

[ effect of 4 weeks resistance training on MuRF1 gene expression and muscle atrophy in diabetic wistar rats]

Background and Objectives: Muscular atrophy is one of the most common complications of diabetes. In such cases, protein degradation isincreased and protein synthesisis decreased. MuRF1 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase which has been identified as a mediator of skeletal muscle wasting in various skeletal muscle atrophy models, and its expression is upregulated in atrophy. Exercise training has been suggested as one of the treatment strategies for muscular atrophy. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of 4 weeks of resistance training on MuRF1 gene expression in muscular atrophy in streptozotocin-diabetic wistar rats

Material and Methods: Thirty six male Wister rats [288 +/- 22 g] were randomly divided into four groups: nondiabetic control, non-diabetic trained, diabetic control and diabetic trained. The exercise groups were subjected to a resistance training program using a ladder [3 days/wk, for 4 wk]. MuRF1 mRNA level was measured in Flexor Hallucis Longus muscle using Real-Time PCR. The results were studied by statistical methods

Results: MuRF1 gene expression was increased in rats with diabetes [p=0.001]; resistance training diminished the skeletal muscle wasting in diabetic rats [p=0.002] by inhibiting MuRF1 gene expression

Conclusion: This study indicates that short term resistance training can overcome diabetes-induced atrophy in rats. Whether this kind of training might be a good way for countering atrophy in other diseases with similar catabolic situation to diabetes remains to be elucidated

[Importance of epigenetic changes in the thyroid cancer incidence and their therapeutic applications]

Thyroid cancer, the most common endocrine malignancy worldwide, originates from follicular epithelial cells. It is classified as a well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma [WDTC] -follicular [FTC] and papillary types [PTC]-, poorly differentiated thyroid carcinomas [PDTC], anaplastic thyroid carcinoma [ATC], and parafollicular calcitoninproducing cells include medullary thyroid carcinoma [MTC]. "Epigenetic" refers to the study of heritable changes in gene expression that occur without any alteration in the pattern of the primary DNA sequence. Growing evidence shows that epigenetic changes play important roles in thyroid carcinomas and, together with genetic changes, lead to tumorigenesis. Epigenetic silencing of various genes specific for thyroid differentiation have been detected in thyroid tumors. These changes in tumor-promoting and tumorsuppressor genes also contribute to the dysregulation of thyrocyte growth and other aspects of tumorigenesis. However, at present, no promising treatment is available for advanced thyroid cancer, which is unresponsive to radioiodine. Biologically targeted therapies for advanced thyroid carcinomas have been proposed based on the recognition of main oncogenic mutations. In this review we discuss the most frequent epigenetic variations in different types of thyroid cancer, epigenetic strategies for treating this carcinoma, and experimental data and clinical trials, particularly those that use deacetylase inhibitors and demethylating agents

Relationship between polymorphism of insulin receptor gene, and adiponectin gene with PCOS

Polycystic ovary syndrome [PCOS] is a complex disease having both genetic and environmental components and candidate genes on obesity and insulin metabolism have been hypothesized to be involved in its etiology. We examined the possible association of adiponectin and insulin receptor gene polymorphisms with PCOS. A total of 186 women with PCOS using NIH criteria and 156 healthy women were recruited. Their samples were genotyped for the polymorphism in exon 17 and 8 of the insulin receptor gene or exon and intron 2 of the adiponectin gene. The distributions of genotypes and alleles of both polymorphisms were not different in women with PCOS and controls. There was no significant differences on the anthropometric and hormonal profiles of various adiponectin and insulin receptor genes polymorphisms among both groups. Adiponectin and insulin receptor gene polymorphisms are not associated with PCOS in a sample of Iranian population