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1.
Rev. patol. trop ; 52(1)2023.
Article in English | LILACS, BVSDIP | ID: biblio-1537795

ABSTRACT

Adaptation of the vector and displacement of infected dogs to previously disease-free areas challenges visceral leishmaniasis (VL) control, and leads to geographic dispersion and occurrence in urban and peri-urban areas. Continuous VL control measures over time must be applied with a wide geographic reach, along with better diagnosis practices and timely treatment. The high case-fatality of human VL in areas of recent introduction and its growing association with HIV impose the need for an early diagnosis, treatment and the adoption of active search for human and canine cases incorporated into the routine of periodic home visits by health professionals. The increasing on public rejection of canine euthanasia as a control measure, the limitations of canine therapy with the current available drugs, and the controversies regarding available vaccines for canine protection are discussed. Good prospects on the insecticide-impregnated collars as an effective control measure are emphasized.


Subject(s)
Humans , Dogs , Dog Diseases , Insecticides/therapeutic use , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/prevention & control
2.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 112(5): 319-327, May 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-841798

ABSTRACT

This article discusses the peculiar conditions that favoured the unexpected introduction of Zika virus into the poorest northeastern region of Brazil in 2015, its speed of transmission to other Brazilian states, other Latin American countries and other regions, and the severity of related neurological disorders in newborns and adults. Contrasting with evidence that Zika had so far caused only mild cases in humans in the last six decades, the epidemiological scenario of this outbreak in Brazil indicates dramatic health effects: in 2015, an increase of 20-fold in notified cases of microcephaly and/or central nervous system (CNS) alterations suggestive of Zika congenital infection, followed by an exponential increase in 2016, with 2366 cumulative cases confirmed in the country by the end of December 2016. A significant increase in Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults has also been reported. Factors involved in viral dissemination, neural pathogenesis and routes of transmission in Brazil are examined, such as the role of social and environmental factors and the controversies involved in the hypothesis of antibody-dependent enhancement, to explain the incidence of congenital Zika syndrome in Brazil. Responses to the Zika outbreak and the development of new products are also discussed.


Subject(s)
Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy Complications/virology , Dengue/immunology , Dengue/epidemiology , Zika Virus Infection/complications , Zika Virus Infection/immunology , Zika Virus Infection/transmission , Microcephaly/virology , Brazil/epidemiology , Disease Outbreaks , Disease Notification , Spatial Analysis
3.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 42(5): 570-580, Sept.-Oct. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-532516

ABSTRACT

From 1977 (index case) to 2006, 87 cases of visceral leishmaniasis were confirmed in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in periurban areas on the continental and coastal slopes of the Pedra Branca massif and the continental slopes of the Gericinó massif. The majority (65.5 percent) of the patients were more than five years old, predominantly males (61.5 percent), but without any difference between the sexes below the age of 14 years. The overall fatality rate was 10.4 percent. Two cases of visceral leishmaniasis/human immunodeficiency virus coinfection were detected. Leishmania chagasi was isolated from human and canine cases. The associations between the presence of phlebotomines and human and canine migrations, disorderly occupation involving degradation of environmental preservation areas and poor socioeconomic conditions may have created a favorable setting for the establishment and propagation of the disease. Close epidemiological surveillance associated with traditional control measures and others (active case researches, land clearing and health education), reduced the incidence of human cases from 2.8 per 100,000 inhabitants in 1981 to less than 0.01 per 100,000 since 1997. The canine infection rates decreased from 4.6 percent in 1984 to 1.6 percent in 2008. Lutzomyia longipalpis was not detected in some locations where human and canine cases occurred. In the years 2007 and 2008, no new human cases were reported, but there is a persistent and worrisome residual canine seroprevalence.


Entre 1977 (caso índice) e 2006 foram confirmados 87 casos de leishmaniose visceral no Município do Rio de Janeiro, oriundos de áreas peri-urbanas das vertentes continentais e litorâneas do Maciço da Pedra Branca e das vertentes continentais do Maciço do Gericinó. A maioria (65,5 por cento) dos pacientes tinha mais de 5 anos de idade, prevalecendo o sexo masculino (61,5 por cento), sem diferença de freqüência entre os sexos até os 14 anos. A letalidade foi de 10,4 por cento. Houve dois casos de co-infecção por leishmaniose visceral/vírus da imunodeficiência. Leishmania chagasi foi isolada de casos humanos e caninos. Presença de flebotomíneos associada a migrações humanas e caninas, ocupação desordenada degradando áreas de preservação ambiental e baixas condições socioeconômicas podem ter criado o contexto propício à instalação e à propagação da endemia. Vigilância epidemiológica estreita com as medidas tradicionais de controle e outras - busca ativa de pacientes, limpeza de terrenos e educação em saúde -, reduziram a incidência de casos humanos de 2,8 por 100 mil habitantes em 1981 para menos de 0,01 por 100 mil a partir de 1997. As taxas de infecção canina decresceram de 4,6 por cento em 1984 para 1,6 por cento em 2008. Lutzomyia longipalpis não foi detectada em algumas localidades onde ocorreram casos humanos e caninos. Em 2007 e 2008, nenhum novo caso da doença humana foi notificado, mas permanece uma preocupante prevalência sorológica residual canina.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Animals , Child , Child, Preschool , Dogs , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Young Adult , Insect Vectors/classification , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/epidemiology , Psychodidae/classification , Brazil/epidemiology , Insect Control , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/prevention & control , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/transmission , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/veterinary , Seasons , Young Adult
4.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 102(8): 1003-1005, Dec. 2007.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-471858

ABSTRACT

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the specificity of the Montenegro skin test (MST) in an area in Brazil, state of Grande do Sul State (RS), which was considered to be non-endemic for leishmaniasis. Sixty subjects presented a positive MST and were reevaluated by clinical examination, serology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of peripheral blood for the detection of subclinical Leishmania infection. None of the subjects presented clinical signs or symptoms of current leishmaniasis or a history of the disease.Leishmania (Viannia) DNA was detected in blood by PCR and hybridization in one subject. The PCR skin test-positive individual remained asymptomatic throughout the study. Clinical examination showed no scars suggestive of past cutaneous leishmaniasis. Human subclinical infection with Leishmania (Viannia) in RS was confirmed by PCR. This is the first report of subclinical infection with this parasite in the human population of this area.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Leishmania braziliensis , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/diagnosis , Case-Control Studies , DNA, Protozoan/blood , Leishmania braziliensis/genetics , Leishmania braziliensis/immunology , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/parasitology , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Sensitivity and Specificity , Skin Tests/methods
5.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 40(3): 304-310, maio-jun. 2007. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-456325

ABSTRACT

Visando avaliar formas clínicas da doença meningocócica, foram revistos 201 casos diagnosticados como doença meningocócica, em Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal Fluminense; durante o período de 1971 a 1996, dos quais 185 preencheram os critérios de inclusão. A caracterização clínico-laboratorial permitiu reagrupá-los nas formas de doença meningocócica com meningite, 18 por cento, meningite e septicemia, 62 por cento, e septicemia, 20 por cento. Dados epidemiológicos disponíveis não diferenciaram formas clínicas. Na meningite meningocócica foi significativamente maior: tempo de história clínica; freqüência de manifestações neurológicas; e positividade da bacterioscopia, cultura e teste do látex no líquor. Na septicemia menigocócica, houve predomínio significativamente de: choque; letalidade e níveis maiores de tempo parcial de tromboplastina. Septicemia meningogócica e septicemia com meningite se diferenciaram da meningite meningocócica quanto a: tempo de história clínica; ocorrência de sinais neurológicos focais; coagulação intravascular disseminada e artrite. Dados clínico-laboratoriais levam a admitir meningite como forma localizada de doença meningocócica, e septicemia com meningite e septicemia como variações de gravidade da forma sistêmica da doença.


In order to asses the clinical forms of meningococcal disease, we reviewed 201 cases diagnosed as meningococcal disease in the University Hospital of the Fluminense Federal University in Rio de Janeiro, 185 of which met the inclusion criteria. Clinical and laboratorial characterization allowed for grouping of the cases as follows: meningococcal meningitis, 18 percent; meningitis with septicemia, 62 percent; and septicemia, 20 percent. Available epidemiological data did not differentiate clinical forms. The following were significantly greater in meningococcal meningitis: duration of clinical history; frequency of neurological manifestations; positive bacterioscopy; culture and latex test in cerebrospinal fluid. The following were significantly predominant in septicemia: shock; fatal outcome and higher partial thromboplastin time. Septicemia and meningitis with septicemia were differentiated from meningococcal meningitis in the following: duration of clinical history; occurrence of focal neurological signs; disseminated intravascular coagulation; and arthritis. Clinical and laboratory data lead us to admit meningococcal meningitis as a localized form of Meningococcal disease, and meningitis with septicemia and septicemia as variations in severity of the systemic form of the disease.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Meningococcal Infections/classification , Sepsis/microbiology , Meningitis, Meningococcal/complications , Meningitis, Meningococcal/diagnosis , Meningococcal Infections/complications , Meningococcal Infections/diagnosis , Retrospective Studies , Sepsis/complications , Sepsis/diagnosis
6.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 38(3): 213-217, maio-jun. 2005. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-399910

ABSTRACT

Descrição de uma série retrospectiva de 151 casos de leishmaniose cutânea atendidos entre 1967 e 1982. Destes, 139 (92%) pacientes apresentavam lesões ativas e foram tratados com antimoniato de meglumina diariamente: 81 adultos receberam uma ampola de 5ml e 58 crianças receberam 1 a 5ml. Quarenta e cinco (32,4%) pacientes receberam tratamento antimonial contínuo durante 25 a 116 dias e 94 (67,6%) receberam tratamento intermitente com 2 a 5 séries de antimoniato de meglumina, cada uma delas com duração de 10 a 25 dias e cujos intervalos de descanso entre as séries variaram de 10 a 60 dias. A dose de antimônio, calculada retrospectivamente em 66 (47,5%) casos, variou entre 3,9 e 28,7mg Sb5+/kg/dia. Desses pacientes, 35 receberam >10mg e 31 receberam <10mg Sb5+/kg/dia. Não houve diferença significativa no tempo de cicatrização entre adultos e crianças, entre esquemas intermitentes e ininterrupto, nem entre doses altas e baixas. Entretanto, o tempo de cicatrização nas pernas e pés (67,5 dias) foi superior ao encontrado em outras localizações (48,7 dias) (p < 0,001). Cinqüenta e um pacientes foram reavaliados entre cinco e 14 anos após o tratamento e mantinham-se clinicamente curados. Essa série originou ensaios clínicos prospectivos utilizando doses baixas de antimônio no Rio de Janeiro.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Antiprotozoal Agents/administration & dosage , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/drug therapy , Meglumine/administration & dosage , Cross-Sectional Studies , Retrospective Studies , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome
7.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 37(5): 413-415, set.-out. 2004.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-365857

ABSTRACT

A interação entre infecção clínica, vetor e imunidade sorotípica da população define o risco de epidemia por dengue. A situação epidemiológica endêmico-esporádica seria meta aceitável de controle em regiões metropolitanas ante deficiências de urbanização, saneamento, acesso às residências por agentes sanitários, baixo poder residual de inseticidas biológicos e mobilização social. A Vigilância, então, requererá continuidade das ações públicas e da sociedade em geral, estimuladas na medida inversa da redução de casos, e propostas adequadas. Visando constituir sistema de Vigilância sensível e específico, sobretudo em períodos endêmicos, propõe-se que o componente clínico sentinela deve integrar tanto a assistência emergencial aberta preconizada, detectando casos graves - ponta do iceberg, como serviços de referência para doenças febris agudas, definindo diferentes formas clínicas e propiciando confirmação diagnóstica. Em regiões estratégicas, paralelamente, inquéritos sorotipicos amostrais, embora complexos, devem ser buscados, avaliando imunidade e suscetibilidade de grupos etários aos sorotipos circulantes, estimativa de casos subclínicos e alcance do Sistema de Vigilância e Controle.


Subject(s)
Humans , Disease Outbreaks , Dengue/epidemiology , Population Surveillance/methods , Brazil/epidemiology , Dengue/prevention & control , Sentinel Surveillance
8.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; 10(3): 853-882, set.-dez. 2003. ilus, mapas
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-359630

ABSTRACT

Concentra-se sobre a origem, difusão e história das leishmanioses tegumentares americanas (LTA), com especial enfoque sobre a leishmaniose mucosa (LM) no continente sul-americano, cuja análise foi feita através de fontes históricas.


Subject(s)
Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/history , Leishmaniasis, Mucocutaneous/history , Bolivia , Brazil , Communicable Diseases/history , Peru
9.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 36(3): 413-414, maio-jun. 2003.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-341068

ABSTRACT

É descrito pela primeira vez um caso de reaçäo exantemática imediata e generalizada após teste de Montenegro com antígeno mertiolatado. A reaçäo consistiu de eritema urticariforme generalizado associado a prurido. O prurido desapareceu na primeira hora após a medicaçäo com brometazina por via oral e a erupçäo 12 horas após


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Male , Anti-Infective Agents, Local , Exanthema , Intradermal Tests , Exanthema , Promethazine
10.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 44(4): 179-186, July-Aug. 2002. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-321218

ABSTRACT

Opportunistic diseases (OD) are the most common cause of death in AIDS patients. To access the incidence of OD and survival in advanced immunodeficiency, we included 79 patients with AIDS treated at Hospital Evandro Chagas (FIOCRUZ) from September 1997 to December 1999 with at least one CD4 count <=100 cells/mm³. The incidence of OD was analyzed by Poisson's regression, and survival by Kaplan Meier and Cox analysis, considering a retrospective (before CD4 <=100 cells/mm³) and a prospective (after CD4 <=100 cells/mm³) period, and controlling for demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics. The confidence interval estipulated was 95 percent. Mean follow-up period was 733 days (CI = 683-782). During the study 9 (11.4 percent) patients died. Survival from AIDS diagnosis was a mean of 2589 days (CI = 2363-2816) and from the date of the CD4 count CD4 <=100 cells/mm³ was a mean of 1376 (CI = 1181-1572) days. Incidence of OD was 0.51 pp/y before CD4 <= 100 cells/mm³ and 0.29 pp/y after CD4 <= 100 cells/mm³. A lower number of ODs before CD4 < 100 cells/mm³ was associated with lower incidence rates after CD4 <= 100 cells/mm³. AIDS diagnosis based on CD4+ counts <= 200 cells/mm³ was associated with lower incidence rates after CD4 <= 100 cells/mm³. Baseline CD4 counts above 50 cells/mm³ (HR = 0.13) and restoration of baseline CD4+ counts above 100 cells/mm³ (HR = 0.16) were associated with a lower risk of death. Controling both variables, only restoration of baseline counts was statistically significant (HR = 0.22, p = 0.04). We found a very low incidence of OD and long survival after CD4 < 100 cells/mm³. Survival was significantly associated with restoration of baseline CD4 counts above 100 cells/mm³


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/mortality , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections , CD4 Lymphocyte Count , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/blood , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active , Brazil , Epidemiologic Studies , Incidence , Severity of Illness Index
12.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 96(6): 777-779, Aug. 2001. mapas, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-298614

ABSTRACT

During the period from 1987 to 1998, 13 cases of human sporotrichosis were recorded at the Research Center Evandro Chagas Hospital (CPqHEC) in Rio de Janeiro. Two of these patients related scratch by a sick cat. During the subsequent period from July 1998 to July 2000, 66 human, 117 cats and 7 dogs with sporotrichosis were diagnosed at the CPqHEC. Fifty-two humans (78.8 percent) reported contact with cats with sporotrichosis, and 31 (47 percent) of them reporting a history of a scratch or bite. This epidemic, unprecedented in the literature, involving cats, dogs and human beings may have started insidiously before 1998


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Cats , Dogs , Communicable Diseases, Emerging/epidemiology , Sporotrichosis/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology
13.
Cad. saúde pública ; 15(1): 195-203, jan.-mar. 1999. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-232500

ABSTRACT

A filariose linfática resulta da infecçäo por três nematódeos: Brugia malayi, Brugia timori e Wuchereria bancrofti. Atingindo países considerados em desenvolvimento, é mais distribuída em áreas urbanas. Estima-se que quatro bilhöes de pessoas vivem em áreas de risco. No Brasil, a endemia é causada por W. bancrofti e foi documentada em 1878; na cidade do Recife, foi detectada em 1952. Atualmente, apenas na regiäo metropolitana do Recife e Belém, esta endemia é considerada um problema de saúde pública. Objetiva-se abordar e discutir a questäo da epidemiologia e controle da filariose linfática e revisar o histórico de seu controle desde sua notificaçäo em 1952 por Rachou, até nossos dias. Analisa-se o modelo campanhista do program institucional da Sucam/FNS e os métodos alternativos atuais propostos como inovadores. Apresenta estratégias viáveis para o controle da filariose, através da rede primária de saúde, da municipalizaçäo e do Programa de Agentes Comunitários de Saúde (Pacs).


Subject(s)
Elephantiasis, Filarial/history , Communicable Disease Control , Elephantiasis, Filarial/prevention & control
14.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 93(2): 205-12, Mar.-Apr. 1998. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-203599

ABSTRACT

A phase 1 double-blind placebo-controlled study was performed to evaluate a vaccine against American tegumentary leishmaniasis in 61 healthy male volunteers. Side effects and the immune response to the vaccine were evaluated, with 1- and 2- dose schemes, with intervals of 7 or 21 days, each dose containing 1440 mg of protein N antigen of a single strain of Leishmania amazonensis (PH 8) diluted in merthiolated saline (1:10,000). Merthiolated saline and an inert substance were used as placebos. No significant clinical alterations were found following the respective injections in the vaccinated individuals as compared to the placebos, except for local pain, which was associated significantly with injection of the vaccine. The laboratory alterations we observed bore no association with the clinical findings and were unimportant. We observed no differences between the groups with regard to seroconversion or the Montenegro skin test. However, the group that received a single dose of the vaccine and the one that received two doses with a 21-day interval displayed cutaneous induration significantly larger than in the control group, with 100 per cent and 66 per cent conversion in the skin test, respectively. We concluded that the vaccine does not present any major side effect that would contraindicate its use in healthly individuals.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/immunology , Vaccines , Leishmania/immunology
15.
Rev. saúde pública ; 31(3): 254-62, jun. 1997. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-198706

ABSTRACT

A doença meningocócica (DM) continua merecendo avaliaçöes quanto a sua multicausalidade endêmica e epidêmica e seu comportamento evolutivo, nos diferentes locais. Partindo da padronizaçäo da investigaçäo epidemiológica da DM no Município do Rio de Janeiro a partir da epidemia da década de 70, foram analisados 4.155 casos notificados de 1976 a 1994, através de estudo retrospectivo, descritivo e analítico, com base nas fichas de investigaçäo epidemiológica da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde. Os testes utilizados para análise estatística foram: o X2, o de Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney e de Kruskal-Wallis. O estudo resultou na definiçäo de três períodos, classificados como pós-epidêmico (1976/79), endêmico (1980/86) e epidêmico (1987/94), diferenciados pelas taxas de incidência e pelo sorogrupo do meningococo predominante. As taxas de incidência médias por período no município foram, respectivamente, de 3,51; 1,67 e 6,53 casos/100.000 habitantes. Os sorogrupos A e C predominaram no período pós-epidêmico, o B e o A no endêmico e o B no epidêmico. A letalidade média praticamente näo se modificou no decorrer do tempo, mas variou segundo o hospital de internaçäo, tendo sido sempre menor no hospital estadual de referência em relaçäo aos demais públicos e privados. As maiores taxas de incidência e letalidade corresponderam aos menores de um ano e o risco de adoecer foi maior no sexo masculino. Os maiores coeficientes de incidência tenderam a ocorrer nas mesmas áreas do município, nos três períodos epidemiológicos, e a populaçäo que reside em favelas teve um risco de adoecimento duas vezes maior


Subject(s)
Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Meningococcal Infections/epidemiology , Sex Factors , Incidence , Hospitals, Private , Health Services Accessibility , Residence Characteristics , Age Factors , Hospitals, Public , Meningococcal Infections/mortality , Disease Notification , Quality of Health Care
16.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 91(4): 449-55, July-Aug. 1996. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-174402

ABSTRACT

Wuchereria bancrofti in Pernambuco was first documented in 1952 (Azevedo & Dobbin 1952), and since then it has been reported in surveys carried out in selected areas of Recife. Several surveys were carried out from 1981 to 1991 by SUCAM. In the 1985 SUCAM's report the disease is considered under control. The CPqAM Filariasis Research Program was established in 1985 and a filarial survey was carried out in the town of Olinda, Greater Recife. In order to verify the real epidemiological situation, a study was conducted in the city of Recife. 21/36 of the Special Zones of Social Interest (ZEIS), were randomly selected for the present study. From 10,664 persons screened, 683 were positive and the prevalence rate for microfilaraemia (mf) varied from 0.6 per cent to 14.9 per cent. A mean mf prevalence of 6.5 per cent, showed that the infection occurs in a wide geographic distribution in Greater Recife and that the intensity of transmission is a real and potential threat to public health in affected communities. Mf rate among males and females differed significantly. Due to the rapid increase in population, unplanned urban settlements, poor sanitary facilities and the favorable geographical conditions to the development of the vector, filariasis may actually be increasing in Recife.


Subject(s)
Humans , Elephantiasis, Filarial/epidemiology , Brazil , National Health Programs , Prevalence , Wuchereria bancrofti
17.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 89(2): 235-45, Apr.-Jun. 1994. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-155840

ABSTRACT

This article discusses dengue in terms of its conceptual and historical aspects, epidemiological and clinical/pathological nature, and evolution up to the present situation in Brazil. The author discusses the ecological relationship in both the production of dengue and its control. Comparison is made between traditional dengue-control programs and a proposed socially-controlled program of an ecological nature without the use of insecticides. Stress is placed on interdisciplinary technical and scientific activity, broadbased participation by communities in discussing methodological aspects involving them, and prospective evaluation comparing the communities selected for intervention and control communities with regard to clinical and subclinical dengue cases and vector infestation rates in relation to climatic, socio-economic, and behavioural factors


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Dengue/epidemiology , Aedes/virology , Brazil/epidemiology , Dengue Virus/physiology , Dengue/prevention & control , Dengue/transmission , Ecology
18.
Cad. saúde pública ; 10(supl.2): 301-9, 1994. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-147686

ABSTRACT

Estudo comparativo da filariose bancroftiana na área metropolitana do Recife. Foram selecionados dois bairros da cidade do Recife (Santo Amaro e Campo Grande) e dois bairros da cidade de Olinda (Sapucaia e Salgadinho), segundo critério apoiado na semelhança das características socio-econômicos de filariose. As áreas foram divididas em congloramerados, com 25 casas em média. A amostra populacional foi estratificada por sexo e faixa etária de 0-4, 5-9, 10-14, 15-19, 20-29, 30-39, 40-49 50-59 e igual ou superior a 60 anos. Os dados parasitológicos foram obtidos por meio da gota espessa mensurada (60 microlitros de sangue), coletada, entre as 20 e 24 horas, processada e corada pelo método de Carrazi. Os dados obtidos foram descritos em tabelas, e a densidade parasitária e freqüência microfilarêmica analisadas através de gráficos com expressäo logarítima. De maneira global, Recife apresentou prevalência 13,5 por cento e Olinda, 12,3 por cento. Quando comparamos a densidade parasitária, Olinda apresentou valor médio de 70 microfilárias por 60 microlitros de sangue, e Recife 41. Em relaçäo aos índices microfilarêmicos, o maior ocorreu na faixa etária de 20-29 anos. Em Olinda, situou-se em 30-39 anos e em indivíduos do sexo masculino. Conclui que a endemia apresenta níveis endêmicos do passado, e os dados descritos alertam para uma reavaliaçäo das campanhas de controle realizadas pela Fundaçäo Nacional de Saúde (FUNASA), já que a endemia atinge dimensoes ainda näo mensuradas.


Subject(s)
Elephantiasis, Filarial/epidemiology , Wuchereria bancrofti/analysis
19.
Cad. saúde pública ; 10(supl.2): 359-75, 1994. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-147692

ABSTRACT

A ocorrência de várias espécies de Leishmania, o contínuo aumento das afecçoes causadas por esses parasitas (formas tegumentares e visceral) e as diferentes situaçoes epidemiológicas encontradas, tanto em regioes de colonizaçäo recente quanto de colonizaçäo antiga, com tendência a urbanizaçäo, vem requerendo a adoçäo de diferentes estratégias para o controle dessas endemias no Brasil. Essas medidas demandam estudos relacionados aos parasitas, insetos vetores, fontes de infecçäo, aspectos clínicos, distribuiçäo geográfica, fatores históricos e sócio-econômicos, integraçäo dos serviços de saúde, tecnologias apropriadas de diagnóstico, tratamento e imunoprofilaxia. Para o controle, säo requeridos esforços junto as comunidades humanas, envolvendo educaçäo, provisäo de informaçäo, promoçäo da saúde e participaçäo dessas comunidades no planejamento, desenvolvimento e manutençäo dos programas adotados.


Subject(s)
Leishmaniasis, Diffuse Cutaneous/prevention & control , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/prevention & control , Health Education , Community Participation
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