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1.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 37(2): 129-137, abr. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1126099

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: El año 2016, el Hospital Dr. Félix Bulnes Cerda (HDFBC) implementó el tamizaje obligatorio de anticuerpos anti Trypanosoma cruzi, para pesquisar nuevos casos de la enfermedad de Chagas (ECH) en mujeres embarazadas y recién nacidos (RN) y brindar tratamiento antiparasitario oportuno. Ello, porque la transmisión transplacentaria de T. cruzi continúa siendo un importante problema de salud pública. Objetivo: Presentar la información epidemiológica generada luego de la implementación del cribado de la ECH en el HDFBC del SSMOCC, al cabo de dos años de iniciada su operación. Material y Métodos: Cribado por inmunoquimioluminiscencia (IQLU), confirmación por IFI, ELISA y/o western blot. Seguimiento de RN: mediante RPC, IFI, ELISA e IQLU. Resultados: Entre abril de 2016 y julio de 2018 se analizó un total de 14.012 muestras de pacientes; 62 resultaron reactivas (0,53% seropositividad) y 28 fueron confirmadas positivas (prevalencia de 0,2%). Del total, 11.780 fueron de mujeres gestantes (n: 41 casos reactivos y 10 confirmadas con ECH), con prevalencia de 0,085%. Los restantes 18 casos positivos fueron usuarios no gestantes, con sospecha clínica de ECH y casos de estudios familiares, mostrando una prevalencia de 0,81%. El seguimiento a 10 RN y lactantes hijos de madres chagásicas descartó la transmisión transplacentaria Completaron tratamiento con nifurtimox 30% de las madres. Discusión: La implementación del programa en el HDFBC cumple los objetivos de cribado, pesquisa y diagnóstico de la ECH así como el seguimiento y tratamiento oportuno del RN. La prevalencia de 0,085% de la ECH en la población gestante como la de 0,2% en población total son significativamente menores (p-valor < 0,01) que la prevalencia de 0,7% reportada (año 2016) para la Región Metropolitana (RM); sugerimos que es consecuencia de la implementación del programa nacional y local. La transmisión congénita de 0% es acorde a la tasa de [0,91 x 10.000] reportada el 2017 para la RM. En base al aprendizaje adquirido, durante el desarrollo de la investigación, se entrega sugerencias para aportar al funcionamiento del programa.


Abstract Background: In 2016, the Hospital Dr. Félix Bulnes Cerda (HDFBC) implemented the mandatory screening of anti Trypanosoma cruzi antibodies in pregnant women, thus complying with national regulations to detect new Chagas disease cases (CHD) in mother and child, whose early detection mediates timely pharmacological treatment. This, because the congenital transmission continues the main active transmission mechanisms of T. cruzi and a major public health problem for the country. Aim: To present the epidemiological information generated after the implementation of the ECH screening in the SSFCC HFBC, two years after its operation began. Methods: Screening test: inmunequimioluminiscence (IQLU), certification by IFI, ELISA and/or western blot. Follow up of newborn infants with PCR, IFI, ELISA and IQLU. Results: Between April 2016 and July 2018, 14.012 subject's samples were examined of which 62 resulted reactive (0.53% seropositivity) in the total studied population where 28 patients resulted positive for CHD, which corresponds to a 0.2% prevalence. Of the total population, 11.780 were pregnant women, of these 41 were reactive and 10 were confirmed with CHD thus showing a prevalence of 0.085%. The other 18 positive cases of non-pregnant patients corresponded a prevalence of 0.81%. Also, 10 newborn and infant children of mothers with CHD were followed up. In all, congenital transmission (0%) was ruled out. Nifurtimox treatment of the mothers were completed in 30% of them. It is concluded that the implementation of the program in the HDFBC fulfills the objectives of screening, detection and diagnosis of CHD, so as the timely follow-up and pharmacologic treatment of the newborn. The 0.085% prevalence of CHD in pregnant women as the 0.20% in total population are significantly lower (p-valor < 0.01) than the 0.7% reported in 2016 for the Metropolitan Region (MR), a fact that we suggest is a consequence of the national program implementation. Likewise, the 0% transplacental transmission is accorded to the rate of 0.91 x 10.000 live births reported in 2017 for the MR. Based on the learning acquired during the development of the research, recommendations are given to contribute to the operation of the program.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Trypanosoma cruzi , Chagas Disease , Primary Health Care , Chile , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical
2.
Rev. chil. enferm. respir ; 28(4): 286-293, dic. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-673050

ABSTRACT

Mycobacterium tuberculosis gene expression studies have involved "in vitro", "ex vivo" and "in vivo" experiments (animal models), but without the expected success. We propose that key features of human tuberculosis could be discovered by studying the M. tuberculosis gene expression within the human host. Therefore, we isolated totalM. tuberculosis mRNA from human clinical respiratory specimens of patients diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis; after this, we synthesized the dscDNA and tested it by qualitative RT-PCR assays. We detected the expression of IS6110 insertion sequence and of the "housekeeping" genes 16SrRNA andsigA in M. tuberculosis grown in vivo (pulmonary tuberculosis) as well as grown in vitro M. tuberculosis. mprA and mprB genes expression, which code the MprAB signal transduction system, were only detected in M. tuberculosis grown in vitro. Our results provide the first step towards a non invasive method for the study of the transcriptome of M. tuberculosis within its native host, to analyze "in vivo" regulation of the genetic determinants required for virulence and pathogenesis.


El estudio de la expresión génica de Mycobacterium tuberculosis ha involucrado la experimentación "in vitro ", "ex vivo " e "in vivo " (modelos animales), pero aún sin el éxito esperado. Proponemos que revelar los factores clave de la tuberculosis humana requiere investigar la expresión génica de M. tuberculosis dentro del ser humano ("in vivo "). Para ello, aislamos el mRNA total de M. tuberculosis, desde muestras clínicas respiratorias de pacientes con diagnóstico de tuberculosis pulmonar; posteriormente, sintetizamos el dscDNA y lo analizamos mediante RT-PCR cualitativo. Detectamos la expresión de la secuencia de inserción IS6110 y de los genes "housekeeping " 16SrRNA y sigA en M. tuberculosis creciendo in vivo (tuberculosis pulmonar) así como cultivado in vitro. La expresión de los genes mprA y mprB, que codifican el sistema de transducción de señales MprAB, sólo se detectó en M. tuberculosis crecido in vitro. Con nuestros resultados damos el primer paso hacia la implementación de un método no invasivo para el estudio del transcriptoma de M. tuberculosis, dentro de su único hospedero natural, con el fin de analizar la regulación "in vivo" de los determinantes genéticos requeridos para su virulencia y patogénesis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/genetics , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/microbiology , DNA, Bacterial/isolation & purification , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , RNA, Bacterial/isolation & purification , RNA, Bacterial/genetics , RNA, Messenger/genetics , Sputum/microbiology , Gene Expression , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolation & purification , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genetics , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques , Culture Techniques
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