Clinical Observation of Venetoclax Combined with Demethylating Agents on the Treatment of Relapsed/Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the efficacy and safety of venetoclax (VEN) combined with demethylating agents (HMA) in the treatment of relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (R/R AML).@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 26 adult R/R AML patients who received the combination of VEN with azacitidine (AZA) or decitabine (DAC) in Huai'an Second People's Hospital from February 2019 to November 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The treatment response, adverse events as well as survival were observed, and the factors of influencing the efficacy and survival were explored.@*RESULTS@#The overall response rate (ORR) of 26 patients was 57.7% (15 cases), including 13 cases of complete response (CR) and CR with incomplete count recovery (CRi) and 2 cases of partial response (PR). Among the 13 patients who got CR/CRi, 7 cases achieved CRm (minimal residual disease negative CR) and 6 cases did not, with statistically significant differences in overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) between the two groups (P=0.044, 0.036). The median OS of all the patients was 6.6 (0.5-15.6) months, and median EFS was 3.4 (0.5-9.9) months. There were 13 patients in the relapse group and refractory group, respectively, with response rate of 84.6% and 30.8% (P=0.015). The survival analysis showed that the relapse group had a better OS than the refractory group (P=0.026), but there was no significant difference in EFS (P=0.069). Sixteen patients who treated for 1-2 cycles and 10 patients who treated for more than 3 cycles achieved response rates of 37.5% and 90.0%, respectively (P=0.014), and patients treated for more cycles had superior OS and EFS (both P<0.01). Adverse effects were mainly bone marrow suppression, complicated by various degrees of infection, bleeding, and gastrointestinal discomfort was common, but these could be all tolerated by patients.@*CONCLUSION@#VEN combined with HMA is an effective salvage therapy for patients with R/R AML and is well tolerated by patients. Achieving minimal residual disease negativity is able to improve long-term survival of patients.

Clinical study of 19 cases of steroid-refractory gastrointestinal acute graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with fecal microbiota transplantation / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for treating steroid-refractory gastrointestinal acute graft-versus-host disease (GI-aGVHD) . Methods: This analysis included 29 patients with hematology who developed steroid-refractory GI-aGVHD after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in Huaian Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University from March 2017 to March 2022. Among them, 19 patients underwent FMT treatment (the FMT group) and 10 patients did not (the control group). The efficacy and safety of FMT were assessed, as well as the changes in intestinal microbiota abundance, lymphocyte subpopulation ratio, peripheral blood inflammatory cytokines, and GVHD biomarkers before and after FMT treatment. Results: ① Complete remission of clinical symptoms after FMT was achieved by 13 (68.4%) patients and 2 (20.0%) controls, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). Intestinal microbiota diversity increased and gradually recovered to normal levels after FMT and FMT-related infections did not occur. ②The proportion of CD3(+) and CD8(+) cells in the FMT group after treatment decreased compared with the control group, and the ratio of CD4(+), regulatory T cells (Treg), and CD4(+)/CD8(+) cells increased (all P< 0.05). The interleukin (IL) -6 concentration in the FMT group was lower than that in the control group [4.15 (1.91-5.71) ng/L vs 6.82 (2.40-8.91) ng/L, P=0.040], and the IL-10 concentration in the FMT group was higher than that in the control group [12.11 (5.69-20.36) ng/L vs 7.51 (4.10-9.58) ng/L, P=0.024]. Islet-derived protein 3α (REG3α) was significantly increased in patients with GI-aGVHD, and the REG3α level in the FMT group was lower than that in the control group after treatment [30.70 (10.50-105.00) μg/L vs 74.35 (33.50-139.50) μg/L, P=0.021]. Conclusion: FMT is a safe and effective method for the treatment of steroid-refractory GI-aGVHD by restoring intestinal microbiota diversity, regulating inflammatory cytokines, and upregulating Treg cells.

Variation of photosynthesis, secondary metabolites and antioxidant activities in third generation of spaceflight-induced Salvia miltiorrhiza / 中草药·英文版

Objective: Spaceflight has long been perceived as an effective way to improve the quantity and quality of plants with wide applications. In order to obtain stable and inheritable descendants of spaceflight-induced Salvia miltiorrhiza lines, we investigated and analyzed four lines m16, m50, m51, m57 (three individuals of each line) and the ground control (three individuals) of the third generation of spaceflight-induced S. miltiorrhiza from primary/secondary metabolism and antioxidative abilities. Methods: A portable photosynthesis system (Li-6400) with red/blue LED light source was used to perform the photosynthetic characteristics to evaluate their primary productivity. The secondary metabolites (phenolic acids, tanshinones, total phenolics and flavonoids) and antioxidant activity of roots were analyzed to assess their quality. Results: Compared with control, line m16 presented weak photosynthetic ability, but high apparent quantum yield (AQY), higher contents of secondary metabolites, and stronger antioxidative abilities. Line m57 had a strong gas exchange ability, relatively higher secondary metabolites contents, and ascending antioxidative abilities. Lines m50 and m51 were in the middle level of lines m16 and m57. The principal component analysis for all the original data revealed three components including a root-related index, a leaf-related index, and a CO

Chemical approaches towards installation of rare functional groups in bacterial surface glycans / 中国天然药物

Bacterial surface glycans perform a diverse and important set of biological roles, and have been widely used in the treatment of bacterial infectious diseases. The majority of bacterial surface glycans are decorated with diverse rare functional groups, including amido, acetamidino, carboxamido and pyruvate groups. These functional groups are thought to be important constituents for the biological activities of glycans. Chemical synthesis of glycans bearing these functional groups or their variants is essential for the investigation of structure-activity relationships by a medicinal chemistry approach. To date, a broad choice of synthetic methods is available for targeting the different rare functional groups in bacterial surface glycans. This article reviews the structures of naturally occurring rare functional groups in bacterial surface glycans, and the chemical methods used for installation of these groups.

Chemical synthesis of a synthetically useful L-galactosaminuronic acid building block / 中国天然药物

Most bacterial cell surface glycans are structurally unique, and have been considered as ideal target molecules for the developments of detection and diagnosis techniques, as well as vaccines. Chemical synthesis has been a promising approach to prepare well-defined oligosaccharides, facilitating the structure-activity relationship exploration and biomedical applications of bacterial glycans. L-Galactosaminuronic acid is a rare sugar that has been only found in cell surface glycans of gram-negative bacteria. Here, an orthogonally protected L-galactosaminuronic acid building block was designed and chemically synthesized. A synthetic strategy based on glycal addition and TEMPO/BAIB-mediated C6 oxidation served well for the transformation of commercial L-galactose to the corresponding L-galactosaminuronic acid. Notably, the C6 oxidation of the allyl glycoside was more efficient than that of the selenoglycoside. In addition, a balance between the formation of allyl glycoside and the recovery of selenoglycoside was essential to improve efficiency of the NIS/TfOH-catalyzed allylation. This synthetically useful L-galactosaminuronic acid building block will provide a basis for the syntheses of complex bacterial glycans.

Diversity and Anti-Dermatophyte Activities of Endophytic Fungi from Datura metel / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To investigate the taxonomic structure and diversity of endophytic fungi from <italic>Datura metel </italic>and screen the strains with anti-dermatophyte activities， so as to provide resources for the development of new lead compounds against dermatomycosis. Method:Endophytic fungi were isolated from the roots， stems and leaves of <italic>D. metel</italic> after tissue block incubation and then identified by morphological analysis and rDNA-internal transcribed spacer（ITS） sequencing. Their anti-dermatophyte activities were detected by agar diffusion assay. Result:A total of 292 strains of endophytic fungi were isolated from <italic>D. metel</italic>， belonging to 34 genera， with<italic> Fusarium</italic> （72.97%） in roots， <italic>Fusarium </italic>（37.25%） and <italic>Plectosphaerella </italic>（28.43%） in stems， and <italic>Colletotrichum </italic>（39.66%） in leaves as the dominant species. The isolation rate （89.23%）， colonization rate （84.62%）， and diversity index （1.82） of endophytic fungi in leaves were significantly higher than those in roots （70.48%， 70.48% and 1.23） and stems （69.39%，68.03% and 1.64）. The determination of anti-dermatophyte activities of 35 endophytic fungal fermented filtrates showed that the strains exhibiting inhibitory activities against <italic>Microsporum canis</italic>， <italic>Trichosporon mucoides</italic>， <italic>Trichophyton rubrum</italic> and <italic>Candida albicans </italic>accounted for 97.14%， 71.43%， 45.71%， and 25.71%， respectively. Among them， six strains （17.14%）， namely <italic>Fusarium </italic>sp. R1， <italic>Penicillium </italic>sp. R5， <italic>Aspergillus </italic>sp. R7， <italic>Metarhizium </italic>sp.<italic> </italic>S18， <italic>Diaporthe </italic>sp. S19， and <italic>Glomerella </italic>sp.<italic> </italic>L57， all inhibited the four types of cutaneous fungal pathogens. Conclusion:The endophytic fungi in <italic>D. metel</italic> are diverse， and the proportion of endophytic fungi possessing anti-dermatophyte activities is high， allowing them to serve as potential resources for the development of new anti-dermatophyte agents.

Acute Toxicity and Hepatotoxicity of Aqueous Extracts of Taxilli Herba from Different Hosts in Zebrafish Model / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To explore the acute toxicities and hepatotoxicities of aqueous extracts of Taxilli Herba from <italic>Morus alba</italic>， <italic>Toxicodendron</italic> <italic>trichocarpum</italic>， <italic>Camellia oleifera</italic>， <italic>Salix babylonica</italic>， <italic>Melia azedarach</italic>， and <italic>Nerium indicum</italic> against zebrafish model and the effect of different hosts on the toxicity of Taxilli Herba， hoping to provide a theoretical basis for the safe use of Taxilli Herba. Method:The normally developed AB zebrafish at 3-day post fertilization was selected for acute toxicity study. According to the results of preliminary toxicity experiments， the zebrafishes were treated with aqueous extracts of Taxilli Herba from different hosts at six doses， and their mortality was calculated 72 h later. GraphPad Prism 6.0 was used for plotting the dose-toxicity curve， followed by the calculation of their median lethal concentration （LC₅₀） and 10% lethal concentration （LC₁₀）. The gz15Tg/+（AB） liver fluorescent protein transgenic zebrafish with normal development at 4-day post fertilization was applied for the hepatotoxicity study. The zebrafishes were divided into the low-， medium-， and high-dose groups of aqueous extracts of Taxilli Herba from six hosts， the positive control （acetaminophen） group， and the blank （embryo amniotic fluid） group， and then treated with the corresponding drugs. Seventy-two hours later， the liver morphology and fluorescent area changes in zebrafish were observed. And the activities of alanine aminotransferase （ALT） and aspartate aminotransferase （AST） were detected. Result:The results of acute toxicity test demonstrated that the LC₅₀ values of water extracts of Taxilli Herba from <italic>M. alba</italic>， <italic>T.</italic> <italic>trichocarpum</italic>， <italic>C. oleifera</italic>， <italic>S. babylonica</italic>， <italic>M. azedarach</italic>， and <italic>N. indicum</italic> were 1.24， 0.94， 0.51， 0.38， 0.11， 0.09 g·L^-1， respectively， and the LC₁₀ values were 0.70， 0.60， 0.35， 0.28， 0.08， 0.07 g·L^-1， respectively. As revealed by hepatotoxicity test， compared with the blank group， the positive control group exhibited liver morphological changes， decreased fluorescent area （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， and elevated ALT and AST activities （<italic>P</italic>< 0.01）， suggesting that acetaminophen was hepatotoxic to zebrafish. However， there was no change in the liver morphology or fluorescent area of zebrafish in the low-， medium-， and high-dose groups of water extracts of Taxilli Herba from <italic>M. alba</italic>， and the ALT and AST activities were decreased. By contrast， the liver morphology and fluorescent areas in the medium- and high-dose groups of water extracts of Taxilli Herba from <italic>T.</italic> <italic>trichocarpum</italic>， <italic>C. oleifera</italic>， <italic>S. babylonica</italic>， <italic>M. azedarach</italic>， and <italic>N. indicum</italic> changed to varying degrees （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）. Besides， the activities of both ALT and AST were also enhanced. These indicated that Taxilli Herba from <italic>M. alba</italic> had no hepatotoxicity to zebrafish， while that from <italic>T.</italic> <italic>trichocarpum</italic>， <italic>C. oleifera</italic>， <italic>S. babylonica</italic>， <italic>M. azedarach</italic>， and <italic>N. indicum</italic> showed varying degrees of hepatotoxicity to zebrafish. Conclusion:The toxicity of Taxilli Herba is host-dependent. Taxilli Herba from <italic>M. alba</italic> has no hepatotoxicity， but that from the other five hosts shows varying degrees of hepatotoxicity. Standardizing the host source may be an important measure to realize the medication safety of Taxilli Herba.

The Clinical Features of Metabolic Syndrome in Receptors of Hematopoietic Stem Cells / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the incidence and clinical characteristics of metabolic syndrome (MS) within one year after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in order to screen the risk factors for HSCT-MS, provide early intervention and improve the long-term quality of survival of patients.@*METHODS@#The clinical follow-up data of 64 HSCT patients (survival time > 1 year) who received HSCT in our center from January 2007 to August 2018 were collected. Among them, 50 cases were allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) and 14 cases were autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT). The changes of MS-related indexes and clinical characteristics before and 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after HSCT were analyzed retrospectively.@*RESULTS@#In allo-HSCT group, 14 cases were diagnosed as MS before operation, including high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (hypo-HDL-C)> hyper triglycerides（hyper-TG）> hyper fasting glucose（hyper-FBG）> abdominal obesity (AO) > hypertension. The preoperative diagnosis of MS in the auto-HSCT group was 5 cases, in the order of hyper-FBG> hyper-TG> AO> hypo-HDL-C> hypertension. Incidence of MS at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after transplantation: 19, 26, 24 and 20 cases in the allo-HSCT group, respectively; auto-HSCT group were 7, 7, 6 and 6 cases, respectively. Hyper-TG and hypo-HDL-C were prominent in both groups.@*CONCLUSION@#The incidence of HSCT-MS is significantly higher within 1 year after HSCT. Regardless of allo-HSCT and auto-HSCT, the prevention and control of HSCT-MS is emphasized as an important guarantee to improve the long-term survival quality of HSCT patients.

Chemical variation in Aconti Kusnezoffii Radix before and after processing based on UPLC-Orbitrap-MS / 中国中药杂志

Some Chinese herbal medicine needs to be processed before it can be used as medicine, especially toxic Chinese medicine. Highly toxic Aconti Kusnezoffii Radix(Caowu in Chinese) is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine and Mongolian medicine. In traditional Chinese medicine, Caowu is usually processed by boiling with water(CW) until no white part inside and being tasted without tongue-numbing. In Mongolian medicine, it is usually soaked in Chebulae Fructus(Hezi in Chinese) decoction for several days(CH). Both methods could reduce toxicity according to reports. The biggest difference between CW and CH is that CW needs to be heated for 4-6 h, while CH needs Hezi as processing adjuvants. To explore the toxicity reduction mechanism of CW and CH, we studied the contents of various compounds in Caowu processed by two methods by UPLC-Orbitrap-MS. The results indicated that CW had 14 new ingredients, such as 14-O-anisoylneoline and dehydro-mesaconitine, while N-demethyl-mesaconitine and aconitine disappeared. At the same time, it could significantly decrease the content of diester diterpenoid alkaloids and increase the contents of monoester diterpenoid alkaloids and amine-diterpenoid alkaloids. CH had 9 new ingredients from Hezi, like gallic acid, chebulic acid and shikimic acid. Neither the kinds nor the contents of compositions from Caowu in CH changed little. This suggested that the processing mechanism of CW reduced highly toxic components(diester diterpenoid alkaloids) and increased the content of lowly toxic components(monoester diterpenoid alkaloids and amine-diterpenoid alkaloids). Attenuated principle of CH may be related to the components of Hezi. In this experiment, the conclusion shows that the chemical constituents of CW and CH are essentially different, and the two methods have different toxicity reduction principles.

Antitumor activity of extracts from rabbit skins inflamed by Viccinia virus vaccine in vitro / 国际药学研究杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of extracts from rabbit skins inflamed by Viccinia virus vaccine (analgecine) on the proliferation of human cancer cells and on the cytokine secretion in mouse spleen lymphocytes in vitro. Methods Five human tumor cell lines, HepG2, LM3, H460, A549 and HeLa were used and the effect of analgecine (1.63, 0.815, 0.326, 0.163 and0.0815 U/ml) on the cell proliferation was evaluated by the CCK-8 assay. The mouse spleen was isolated aseptically, and the spleen lymphocyte suspension was prepared and cultured with PRMI-1640 medium containing 10％ fetal bovine serum (FBS). For detection of the cytokine IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-12 level, the stimulant concanavalin A (ConA) or lipoplysaccharide (LPS) was added into the lymphocyte suspension, and the lymphocytes were cultured under the presence of analgecine at the final concentration of 0.815, 0.163 and 0.0815 U/ml for 24 hours. Then, the level of the cytokines in the supernatant was detected by the ELISA kit. On the other hand, the effect of supernatant of the spleen lymphocyte cultures under the presence of analgecine at 0.815 U/ml on the proliferation HepG2 cells was also evaluated by the CCK-8 assay. The CCK-8 assay was performed after cultivation of the HepG2 cells in the whole supernatant or in its dilution with fresh medium for 24 hours. Results Analgecine showed a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the five tested cancer cell lines, with the inhibition rate of 58.95％, 55.08％, 57.28％, 45.80％ and 48.18％ at the 1.63 U/ml on the HepG2, LM3, H460, A549 and HeLa cells, respectively. Compared with the control group, the secretion of IL-2, IFN-γ and IL-4 was significantly increased in the 0.163 and 0.815 U/ml analgecine groups (P＜0.01), while the secretion level of IL-12 was increased in the 0.0815, 0.163 and 0.815 U/ml analgecine groups (P＜0.01). The supernatant of the mouse spleen lymphocyte cultures under the presence of0.163 U/ml analgecine could inhibit the HepG2 cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, and the inhibitory effect of the whole supernatant was significantly stronger than the effect of the same concentration analgecine 0.163 U/ml (P＜0.01). Conclusion Analgecine could inhibit the cell proliferation of the tested five human cancer cell lines, increased the secretion of IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-12 cytokines in mouse spleen lymphocytes, all in vitro, and its effect on the cytokine secretion may be related to the inhibitory effect on the human cancer cell proliferation.

Effects of sleep deprivation on liver circadian clock gene expression in rats / 军事医学

Objective To investigate the effects of 72 h sleep deprivation(SD)on circadian clock gene expression in the rat liver.Methods Twelve rats were randomly divided into control group and SD group.An SD instrument was used to deprive the rats′sleep for 72 h.Then the abdominal cavity was exposed to obtain liver,and the expression of clock genes was detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis, respectively.Results Compared with the control group, the mRNA levels of clock,npas2 and rev-erbαstrikingly decreased in the livers of the SD group rats.However,per1,per2 and rorαmRNA levels obviously increased.bmal1 and cry1 mRNA expression hardly changed in the control and SD groups. Meanwhile,the protein levels of liver BMAL1,CLOCK,NPAS2,CRY1 and REV-ERBαwere significantly down-regulated and PER1,PER2 and RORαprotein levels were up-regulated in SD group compared with control group.Conclusion 72 h SD can result in abnormal expressions of several circadian clock genes in the rat liver at both transcriptional and translational levels.

The design and application of hospital management information system based on attitude and perceived behavioral control / 中国医学装备

Objective: To design a hospital management information system based on attitude and perceived behavior control, and to explore the influence of the application of hospital management information system on the work performance of medical personnel. Methods: Through constructed hospital management information system and applied the work performance model of medical personnel to design questionnaire from three points of view included attitude, habits, subjective norm and perceived behavior control. And then the internal consistency and validity of the scale of measurement indexes of the questionnaire were tested, and the methods of statistical modeling and parameter estimation were adopted to carry out path analysis. Results: The results of primary estimation for the change situation of main medical indexes of application information system in earlier, middle and later stage indicated that the reliability of variates that were selected in this research was higher, and the consistency of interior of various variates was higher. At the three stages, earlier, middle and later stage, that information system was implemented, the person-time of leaving hospital, the number of inpatient surgery and the outpatient amount of expert displayed rising trend. And the drug proportion, average stay time decreased 9.45%, 3.36% and 16.16% and 4.27% respectively. Conclusion: Whether the hospital information system can be applied, the personal subjective factors of medical personnel play an important role.

Rapid Determination of Cocaine and Its Metabolite Benzoylecgonine in Hair by LC-MS/MS / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To establish a rapid determination method with LC-MS/MS for cocaine and its metabolite benzoylecgonine in hair.@*METHODS@#Deuterated internal standards （cocaine-D₃ and benzoylecgonine-D₈） were added to the decontaminated hair. After the extraction by ultrasonication with methanol, the compounds were separated by the Restek Allure PFP propyl column, and cocaine and benzoylecgonine were simultaneously analysed in multiple reaction monitoring mode.@*RESULTS@#The cocaine and benzoylecgonine in hair showed a good linearity in the range of mass fraction between 0.02 and 10.00 ng/mg with the limits of detection of 0.01 ng/mg.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The developed method is simple and rapid with a good selectivity, which is suitable for the determination of cocaine and its metabolite benzoylecgonine in hair.

Effects of sleep deprivation on spleen circadian clock gene expression in rats / 军事医学

Objective To investigate the effects of 72 h sleep deprivation (SD) on circadian clock gene expression in the rat spleen.Methods The rats were randomly divided into control group and SD group.An SD instrument was used to deprive the rats of sleep for 72 h.Then the lymphocytes from the spleen were obtained by Ficoll seperation medium before the expression of clock genes was detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis respectively.Results Compared with the control group,the mRNA levels of bmal1,clock,per2 and rev-erbα strikingly decreased in the spleens of the SD group rats.However,npas2,per1,rorα and cry1 mRNA expression hardly changed in the control and SD group.Meanwhile,the protein levels of spleen BMAL1,NPAS2,CRY1 and RORα were significantly down-regulated and PER1 protein levels were up-regulated in SD group compared with control group.However REV-ERBα protein expression remained unchanged in the control and SD group.Conclusion 72 h SD can result in abnormal expressions of several circadian clock genes in lymphocytes of the spleen at both transcription and translation levels.

Effect of omeprazole on antiplatelet activities of W1 / 国际药学研究杂志

Objective To investigate the antiplatelet effects of candidate drug W1 when combined with omeprazole,respec?tively.Methods The experimental rats were randomly divided into 5 groups:control group,clopidogrel(10 mg/kg)group,clopido?grel(10 mg/kg)+omeprazole(80 mg/kg)group,W1(3 mg/kg)group,and W1(3 mg/kg)+omeprazole(80 mg/kg)group.Four hours after oral administration of the drugs,the rats were measured for their platelet aggregation rate;Western blot was used to deter?mine the protein expressions of P2Y12 receptor,P-Akt and P-Erk.Results For the platelet aggregation rate,compared with the con?trol group,the 4 groups decreased significantly(P<0.01);the platelet aggregation rate in the clopidogrel + omeprazole group in?creased significantly than that in the clopidogrel group(42% and 20.4%,respectively,P<0.01);the platelet aggregoction rate (30.9%)in W1+omeprazole group was significantly higher(P<0.01)than that in the W1 group(20.5%),which was lower than that in the clopidogrel+omeprazole group(P<0.01).For the protein expression detected by the western blotting,there were no signif?icant changes in the expression of P2Y12 receptor on the platelet surface,in the clopidogrel or W1 group in comparison with the clopi?dogrel+omeprazole or W1+omeprazole group,respectively,while the phosphorylation level of Akt and Erk was up-regulated in the clopidogrel+omeprazole or W1+omeprazole group compared with the clopidogrel or W1 group,and the up-ragulatory effect of omepra?zole was weaker in the W1+omeprazole group than that in the clopidogrel+omeprazole group. Conclusion Combined use of omepra?zole could inhibit the antiplatelet activities of clopidogrel or W1,with the inhibitory effect weaker in W1 group than in clopidogrel group,suggesting that the risk for the combination of omeprazole with W1 is likely less than that for the combination with clopidogrel.

Cloning and expression analysis of protein kinase SmSnRK2.4 from Salvia miltiorrhiza / 中国中药杂志

Sucrose non-fermenting 1-related protein kinase 2(SnRK2) plays a key role in abiotic stress signaling in plants. In this study, we cloned a SmSnRK2.4 gene belonging to subclass I of SnRK2 from Salvia miltiorrhiza by screening its transcriptome database. The SmSnRK2.4 gene contains 8 introns and 9 exons, with a 1 068 bp open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 355 amino acids, the predicted molecular mass of which is 40.63 kDa. Prokaryotic expression of SmSnRK2.4 protein using pMAL-c2X as the expression vector displayed that the recombinant protein of SmSnRK2.4 gene in E. coli was consistent with the predicted size. A 3 000 bp promoter sequence of SmSnRK2.4 contained some stress-responsive elements and hormone-responsive elements. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that the expression of SmSnRK2.4 in root was much higher than that in stem and leaf, SmSnRK2.4 was strongly induced by PEG stress, weakly induced by ABA stress. This research provided a basis for further study of the SmSnRK2.4 gene playing the role in accumulate mechanism of secondary metabolites in S. miltiorrhiza under drought.

Association between Phthalate Exposure and the Use of Plastic Containers in Shanghai Adults / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Consuming phthalates may be due to the presence of food contact materials, such as plastic containers. In this study, we investigated the association between plastic container use and phthalate exposure in 2,140 Shanghai adults.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Participants completed a questionnaire on the frequency of using plastic containers in different scenarios in the previous year (e.g., daily, weekly) and on the consumption of plastic-packaged foods in the previous three days (yes or no). Urinary phthalate metabolites were used to assess the association between phthalate exposure and the use of plastic containers.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The metabolites of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) were the most frequently detected in urine. The results revealed that phthalate exposure was associated with consumption of plastic-packaged breakfast or processed food items in the previous three days. The consumption of these two food items had strong synergistic effects on increasing urinary concentrations of most phthalate metabolites.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Our results of plastic-packaged breakfast and processed food may be explained by the use of flexible plastic containers, indicating the importance of risk assessment for the application of flexible plastic containers.</p>

Optimization of fermentation conditions for pristinamycin production by immobilized Streptomyces pristinaespiralis using response surface methodology

Response surface methodology was used to optimize the fermentation conditions for the production of pristinamycin by immobilization of Streptomyces pristinaespiralis F213 in shaking flask cultivation. Seed medium volume, fermentation medium volume and shaking speed of seed culture were found to have significant effects on pristinamycin production by the Plackett-Burman design. The steepest ascent method was adopted to approach the vicinity of optimum space, followed by central composite design for further optimization. A quadratic model was built to fit the pristinamycin production. The optimum conditions were found to be seed medium volume of 29.5 ml, fermentation medium volume of 28.8 ml, and shaking speed of seed culture at 204 rpm. At the optimum conditions, a production of 213 mg/l was obtained, which was in agreement with the maximum predicted pristinamycin yield of 209 mg/l. This is the first report on pristinamycins production by immobilized S. pristinaespiralis using response surface methodology.

Insulin-like growth factor 1 levels and their association with growth and development in infants aged 1-24 months / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study serum insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels and their association with growth and development in infants aged 1-24 mouths.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 525 healthy infants (125 preterm, 400 term) were enrolled. Serum IGF-1 levels were measured using ELISA 1.5, 4, 6, 8, 12, 18 and 24 months after birth. The body weight and body length were simultaneously measured.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Serum IGF-1 levels were the lowest in preterm infants 1.5 months after birth (86+/-60 ng/mL). Thereafter, serum IGF-1 levels increased, and were significantly higher than those in term infants between 4 and 12 months after birth. Serum IGF-1 levels in term infants were the highest (116+/-52 ng/mL) 1.5 months after birth during their life of 12 months old. Thereafter, serum IGF-1 levels decreased and reached to a nadir (69+/-58 ng/mL) 8 months after birth. IGF-I levels were positively correlated with the weight and the height (SDS) in both preterm and term infants.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Serum IGF-1 levels are closely associated with growth and development in infants.</p>

The relation between cellular immune function and unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion / 中国基层医药

Objective To investigate the relation between the cellular immune function and unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion(URSA) and the mechanism of active immunotherapy on URSA patients.Methods The flow cytometry(FCM) was used to detect CD3+ ,CD4+ ,CD8+ T lymphocyte and CD16+CD56+ natural killer(NK) cell subsets and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ of peripheral blood(PBL).112 cases with URSA(76 cases treated with active immunotherapy) and 30 cases of normal fertiled(NF) women were studied.The percentages of T lymphocyte and NK cell subsets before and after therapy were compared among 76 cases wtih URSA treated by active immunotherapy.The rate of next successful pregnancy of URSA patients treated with and without active immunotherapy was compared.Results The percentages of CD3+ and CD16+CD56+ cell subsets as well as the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ of the URSA patients were significantly higher than those of NF cases(P <0.05).After active immunotherapy,the percentages of CD3+ and CD56+CD16+ cell subsets as well as the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ of URSA cases were significantly decreased(P <0.05 ).The rate of next successful pregnancy of URSA cases with and without active immunotherapy were 88.2% and 31.2% respectively,the difference was significant(P< 0.05).Conclusion The changes in the percentages of T lympyocyte and NK cell subsets have something to do with URSA.Active immunotherapy can effectively regulate the cellular immune function and increase the rate of next successful pregnancy of URSA patients.