Anti-inflammatory activity of propolis extracts: a review

Since primeval times, the inflammatory process has been described in many different ways. Several anti-inflammatory therapies have been used in different biological models. However, in a recent "back to nature move", modern man is searching for natural products with medicinal properties, particularly those obtained from plants and bees. Propolis has been used in folk medicine for a very long time. The many compounds present in propolis require investigation. Physical-chemical analysis studies have not sufficiently established quality standards of propolis containing products. These standards should depend especially on their different pharmacological activities. There are few studies reporting on the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of propolis containing products. It is necessary to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of commercial products containing propolis.

Immunological behavior in callithricidae marmosets vaccinated with a live avirulent strain of trypanosoma cruzi

An attempt was made to offer immunological protection against infection with virulent Trypanosoma cruzi strains to 62 marmosets belonging to the species Callithrix jacchus geoffroyi (Humboldt, 1818) and Callithrix jacchus (Linné, 1758). All results were negative, since the challenged animals showed positive parasitemia after two or more vaccinations with the PF strain, that had been shown to be avirulent and immunogenic for other laboratory animals (Menezes, 1972b). Chagas (1909) reported marmosets to be among the most sensitive animals to infection with Trypanosoma cruzi. The A. confirm this observation, but concludes that this high susceptibility of marmosets is certainly due to their immunoincompetence, as demonstrated by Harvey et al. (1974) and Gengozian et al. (1978). This must also have been the reason for the failure of the present experiment

Vaccination of Callithrix jacchus (Linne 1758) marmosets with the PF strain of Trypanosoma cruzi.

Saguis da especie Callithrix jacchus vacinados mais de uma vez, com altas doses de tripanosomas da cepa PF do T. cruzi, apresentam certo grau de parasitemia relacionado com o numero de parasitas injetados. Trinta dias apos a vacinacao todos os animais estavam vivos e sem manifestacoes aparentes da doenca.A relacao entre a dose de tripanosomas injetados e as parasitemias observadas e discutida e analisada bem como a incompetencia imunologica dos animais usados