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Objective To study an improved isolated method of single human atrial myocytes.Methods Enzyme digestion method was used to isolate single myocytes from human atrial and whole-cell patch clamp technique was used to record small conductance calcium activated potassium current.Results This method obtained a large number of atrial myocytes.The total amount of atrial myocytes in SR group was 320±30 while AF group was 230±20 and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01).In this study,a large number of simple and striated single atrial myocytes were obtained,and a typical small-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel current was recorded on the isolated atrial myocytes.Conclusion The established isolated method is simple,stable and effective.We can acquire a large amount of single atrial myocytes with good quality.
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Objective To explore the effect of dronedaronel on hyperpolarization-activated cyclic-nucleotide-gated(HCN) channel expression by detecting the change of HCN channel mRNA and protein level before and after giving dronedarone in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes.Methods Neonatal rat ventricular myocytes were separated and digested by type Ⅱ collagenase,and then single ventricular myocytes were collected through differential sticking wall separation method.According to the concentrations (0.1,0.5,1.0,5.0,10.0,20.0 μmol/L of dronedaronel for treating myocytes for 48 h) and time(10 μmol/L of dronedaronel for treating myocytes for 1,6,12,24,48 h)the gradient grouping was conducted.The levels of HCN2 and HCN4 channel mRNA and protein level were determined by real-time PCR and Western blot.Results The HCN2 mRNA and HCN4 mRNA expression levels in concentration gradient group and time gradient group were lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05);compared with the control group,the protein level in the 10 umol/L dronedaronel treatment for 12 h group was significantly down-regulated(P＜ 0.01).Conclusion Dronedaronel could inhibit the expression of HCN2/HCN4 channel mRNA and protein,moreover its action shows the concentration dependency and reaches the maximum at 12 h after medication.
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Objective To observe the clinical features of acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN).Methods Six patients (11 eyes) with AMN were included in this study,with every 2-week follow-ups till six months.Among them,five had preceding dengue fever (83.3％),one had history of head trauma (16.7％).All patients received routine examination,fundus photography,infrared reflectance (IR) imaging,spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) scanning and fluorescein fundus angiography (FFA) initially,and fundus photography,IR,SD-OCT during follow-up.Results Sudden onset of central/paracentral scotoma in one eye or both eyes was the main visual symptom.There were 1 eye with normal fundus,2 eyes with wedge-shape lesions,8 eyes with yellow-white or brown sheet lesion.IR imaging demonstrated localized areas of hypo-reflection in the macula.SD-OCT scanning through these areas revealed hyper-reflection in the photoreceptor layer and disruption of its normal reflective structures.Subsequent SD-OCT demonstrated that the hyper-reflection of the photoreceptor layer regressed gradually,followed by thinning of the outer nuclear layer.The external limiting membrane and ellipsoid zone became continuous;however,the interdigitation zone was not restored.There was no remarkable findings of the AMN lesions on FFA.The scotomas persisted in all 6 patients (11 eyes) by the last visit.Conclusions IR imaging demonstrated localized areas of hypo-reflection in the macula.SD-OCT revealed hyper-reflection in the photoreceptor layer in acute stage and the interdigitation zone was not restored in late stage.AMN has a relative poor prognosis with persistent scotomas through at least 6 months.
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Objective To find a model of long-term postoperative cognitive dysfunction by hav-ing a splenectomy operation or cardiopulmonary bypass.Methods Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 18 months,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =20):splenectomy group (group A),cardiopul-monary bypass group (group B)and control group (group C).From 31 st to 35 th days after the opera-tion,the learning and memory capability of rats were observed through the Morris water maze,the Shuttle box text and Open field test.Results Compared with group C,the frequency of crossing the original platform [(5.2±2.2)times vs.(8.6±3.2)times],the times of initiative avoiding were sig-nificantly reduced [(12.3±2.7)times vs.(1 5.2±1.8)times],the latency of the initiative avoiding was significantly prolonged [(9.50±2.31 )s vs.(5.14 ± 1.43 )s],the number of standing on the back legs [(6.8±1.5)times vs.(10.2±1.7)times]and rearing were significantly reduced [(13.8± 2.6)times vs.(1 9.5±2.2)times],and the time that animals spent in the central square [(7.78 ± 1.5 1)s vs.(5.34±0.72)s]and escape latency were significantly prolonged in group B (P <0.05). Compared with group A,the time that animals spent in the central square in group B was significantly prolonged [(7.78±1.5 1)s vs.(6.06 ±1.67)s,P <0.05].Conclusion The model by having car-diopulmonary bypass operation is an ideal model of postoperative cognitive dysfunction after cardio-vascular anesthesia,for the learning and memory capability is remarkably changed.
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Objective To discuss a method combining serum‐pharmacology and electrophysiology technology ,and to research the mechanism of dilating porcine coronary artery of sodium tanshinone Ⅱ‐A sulfonate (DS‐201) .Methods To give mice intragastric administration solution and measure DS‐201 concentration in mice serum ,and apply the serum to single channel patch to research its effect on big conductance calcium‐activated potassium channels(BKca ) in porcine coronary artery smooth muscle cells (PCASMCs) . Results The linear range of concentration containing DS‐201 serum was 0 .73 to 1 .91 μg/mL (r=0 .997 7) ,the recycle rate was 99 .85% -101 .47% ,and the concentration was(7 .32 ± 4 .25)μg/mL ;the result indicates that serum containing DS‐201 has activa‐tion effects on BKCa in PCASMCs ,while there was no statistical significance (P>0 .05) .Conclusion The establishment method of the alcohol extraction of Danshen is useful and reliable .The HPLC method of measuring DS‐201 concentration is precise .Choosing higher quality drugs or raising bioavailability can improve combination of the serum pharmacology and electrophysiological tech‐nique .
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Objective To investigate the effect of hydromorphone postconditioning on ischemiareperfusion (I/R) injury in isolated rat hearts and the role of mitochondial permeability transition pore (mPTP).Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 2-3 months, weighing 250-320 g, were used in the study.The rats were heparinized and anesthetized with intraperitoneal 10％ chloral hydrate 350 mg/kg.The hearts were excised, and perfused in a Langendorff apparatus with K-H solution saturated with 95％ O2-5％ CO2 at 36.5-37.5 ℃.Forty isolated rat hearts were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=10 each)using a random number table: control group (group C), group I/R, hydromorphone postconditioning group (group H), and hydromorphone postconditioning + mPTP opener lonidamine group (group HL).Group C was continuously perfused with K-H solution for 120 min.Group I/R was perfused with K-H solution for 30 min, the perfusion was then suspended for 30 min, and group I/R was perfused with K-H solution for another 30 min.Group H was perfused with K-H solution for 30 min, the perfusion was then suspended for 30 min, and group H was perfused with K-H solution containing 0.3 μmol/L hydromorphone for 10 min, and then with K-H solution for 50 min.Group HL was perfused with K-H solution for 30 min, the perfusion was then suspended for 30 min, and group HL was perfused with K-H solution containing 0.3 μmol/L hydromorphone and 30 μmol/L lonidamine for 10 min, and then with K-H solution for 50 min.At 30 min of equilibration (T0), and 30 and 60 min of reperfusion (T2,3), left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) , ±dp/dtmax, heart rate (HR), and coronary flow (CF) were measured.The concentrations of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) , and troponin-T (Tn-T) in the coronary effluent were determined at T0 and T3.The coronary effluent was collected at T0 and 15 min of reperfusion (T1),nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) concentrations were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to reflect the degree of mPTP opening.The myocardial infarct size was determined at T3 by TTC staining.Results Compared with group C, LVDP, HR, ±dp/dtmax and CF were significantly decreased, and LVEDP was increased at T2,3, and the concentrations of LDH, CK-MB and Tn-T in the coronary effluent, myocardial infarct size at T3, and NAD+ concentrations in the coronary effluent at T1 were increased in group I/R (P＜0.05).Compared with I/R and HL groups, LVDP, ±dp/dt CF and HR were significantly increased, and LVEDP was decreased at T2,3, and the concentrations of LDH, CK-MB and Tn-T in the coronary effluent, myocardial infarct size at T3, and NAD+ concentrations in the coronary effluent at T1 were decreased in group H (P＜0.05).Conclusion Hydromorphone postconditioning can reduce myocardial I/R injury in isolated rat hearts, and the mechanism is related to inhibition of mPTP opening.
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Objective To investigate the role of large-conductance Ga2+-activated K+ (BKCa) channels and protein kinase G (PKG) in ketamine-induced isolated tracheal smooth muscle relaxation in rats with asthma.Methods Healthy Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 250-300 g,were used in this study.Asthma was induced with egg albumin.Thirty-six tracheal rings of 15 rats in which asthma model was successfully established were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =12 each):ketamine treatment group (group AK),IBTX (BKCa channel blocker) +ketamine treatment group (group AKI),and KT-58232 (PKG inhibitor) + ketamine treatment group (group AKK).Tracheal rings were suspended in an organ bath filled with oxygenated Kreb's solution at 36.5-37.5 ℃.In group AK,the tracheal rings were precontracted with acetyleholine 0.1 mmol/L,and the rings were then exposed to ketamine 0.4 g/L for 15 min.In group AKI,before acetyleholine and ketamine were added to the solution,the rings were pretreated with IBTX 3μmol/L for 30 min.In group AKK,before acetyleholine and ketamine were added to the solution,the rings were pretreated with KT-5823 2μmol/L for 30 min.The tension of rings was measured by using a force-displacement transducer.Results The amplitude of relaxation of isolated tracheal smooth muscle was significantly decreased in groups AKI and AKK as compared with group AK (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Ketamine induces isolated tracheal smooth muscle relaxation through activating BKCa channels and PKG signaling pathway in rats with asthma.
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Objective To evaluate the effects of different concentrations of dexmedetomidine on large-con-ductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BKca) channels in the rat mesenteric arterial smooth muscle (MASM) cells.Methods Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes,weighing 180-220 g,were used in this study.Single MASM cell was freshly isolated from mesenteric arteries in two steps.Ten cells were chosen and studied.When holding potential was 40 mV and the concentration of free calcium ions was 10-7 mol/L,inside-out patch-clamp technique was used to record the single BKCa channel current before and after application of different concentrations of dexmedetomidine (0,10-9,10-8,10-7,10-6,10-5 mol/L).Total open probability (NPo),amplitude (Am),mean open time (To) and mean close time (To) of single BKca channel were observed and recorded.Results Compared with the baseline value,dexmedetomidine 10-7,10-6 and 10-5 mol/L increased NPo in a concentration-dependent man-ner,and dexmedetomidine 10-9,10-8,10-7,10-6,10-5mol/L shortened Tc (P ＜0.05 or 0.01).Compared with the value obtained when the concentration of dexmedetomidine was 10-9 mol/L,Tc was significantly shortened when the concentration of dexmedetomidine was 10-8 mol/L (P ＜ 0.05),and no significant change was found in Am and To obtained when different concentrations of dexmedetomidine were applied (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Dexmedetomidine 10-7,10-6 and 10-5 mol/L activate BKca channels in rat MASM cells in a concentration-depen-dent manner,which is one of the mechanisms of decrease in blood pressure by dexmedetomidine.
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Objective To explore therapeutic effects of combinative artificial kidney treatment on renal osteopathy.Methods HD + HP Group composed by 30 urinaemia was treated with hemodialysis and hemoperfusion,and the HD Group was treated only with hemodialysis.Clinical symptoms and lab indicators including osteodynia,itch of skin,blood pressure,appetite,sleep,as well as BUN,SCr,Hb,BPC,Ca,P and iPTH,were compared between the two groups.Results Osteodynia decreased by 67.7% (21/31),and itch of skin by 71.0% (22/31)in HD group.Osteodynia decreased by 96.7% (29/30) ,and itch of skin by 96.7% (29/30) in HD + HP group (P ＜0.01 ).iPTH were (65.5 ± 34.4) pmol/L before treatment and (57.1 ± 21.4) pmol/L after treatment in HD group,and (73.5 ± 44.4)pmol/L and (19.1 ± 17.4)pmol/L in HD + HP group.HD Group eliminated less iPTH (P ＞0.05).HD + HP Group removed more serum poison molecules than HD Group ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions For patients in maintenance-dialysis stage but with higher iPTH,hemodialysis combined with hemoperfusion removes more poison molecules,consequently decreases incidence of renal osteopathy.
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Objective To investigate the imaging manifestations and clinical features of hepatic and renal angiomyolipoma. Meth-ods The clinical data and imaging findings of hepatic and renal angiomyolipoma in a 51-year-old woman was retrospectively ana-lyzed with literature review. Results CT scan showed a large polymorphous hypodense mass in the right lobe of liver. After contrast -enhanced CT scan, the mass was enhanced gradually from periphery to ceritre. Bilateral kidneys obviously enlarged and appeared as alveolate appearance mixed density with spotty and stripped fat structures. At contrast-enhanced scan, the normal structures of cor-tex and medulla were disappeared, the alveolate walls were enhanced obviously. The arteries and veins of bilateral kidneys were com-pressed and displaced. Conclusion The imaging features of liver and kidney are of certain characteristic compared with other benign and malignant masses,but the final diagnosis of it is still depending on pathology mostly.
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By using the procedures of the routinization of risk assessment - implementation - evaluation of result-modification to the risk management and carring out the feasibility exploretion on the application and effect of the ward nursing management, so that care defects, nursing errors and the number of cases of occurrence of accidents has significantly reduced, the patients satisfactory degree has rised from 92.5% to 98.5%, improved the quality of care and ensured the safety of patients, fully enhanced the quality of nursing services.
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Objective To evaluate the clinical diagnostic value of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography ( MRCP ).Methods MPCP data of 42 cases with pancreatic and bile duct lesion proved by operation and pathology were analyzed retrospectively.MRCP was performed using single-shot-radio SE sequence (SSH/RAD). Of all cases included bile duct lithiasis in 19 , inflammation in 3,congenital cyst in 6 , carcinoma in 12,jaundice caused by diverticulitis of duodenum in 1 and Mirizzi syndrome in 1 .Results MRCP was succeeded at one time in all cases . On MRCP , the visual rate of intrinsic and extrinsic hepatic bile duct was 100% and that of common pancreas duct was 80.58%.The localized and qualitative diagnosis of lesions were up to 100%,88.2% respectively.Conclusion SSH/MRCP/RAD plays an important role in diagnosis of the pancreatic and bile duct lesion in clinical practice.
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Objective To study the clinical and X-ray manifestations of primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma(PNHL)of bone so that to suppy the valuable informations for clinical diagnosis and treatment of this disease.Methods 14 cases with PNHL of bone confirmed by clinic and pathology were analyzed retrospectively.There were 9 male and 5 femal,age ranged from 20 to 60 years with average of 35 years,and average history of disease was 11 months in all cases.Results Of all cases single bone involved in 11 cases,multiple bone involved in 3 cases,most of them the flat bone and the distal end of long bone were involved.The appearances of the lesion on X-ray were bony destruction with slight sclerosis at the margin of destructive area,there were periosteal reaction,soft tissue masses and destruction of joint manifestations,PNHL of bone can be classified as four typers:osteolytic(n=8),sclerotic(n=2),mixed(n=3)and cystic(n=1)lesions by the form and feature of bone destruction.Conclusion PNHL of bone has characteristic X-ray manifestations comparatively.The correct diagnostic rate can be improved if we concern about clinical data.
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Objective To improve recognition and diagnosis of primary non-obstructive megaureter.Methods The authors analyzed the X-ray findings of intravenous urography and B-ultrasonographic manifestations of 28 cases with primary non-obstructive megaureter proved by varied examinations and operations.Results The X-ray and B-ultrasonographic manifestations as follows:in the terminal ureter,there was a short segment,less than 3 cm in length,with normal caliber but adynamic to micturition and the ureter proximal to the adynamic segment was secondarily dilated remarkably.The terminal end of the dilated ureter appeared as drumstick shaped,spindle-shaped,snakehead shaped or rattail shaped.On right time fluoroscopy and B-ultrasonographic observation,a decrease of peristalsis frequency,increase of peristalsis range,interrupted downward convey of peristalsis wave could be noted.Conclusion The contrast urography is the main method,B-ultrasonography and cyctocopy are helpful for the diagnosis of primary non-obstructive megaureter.
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Objective To explore CT and MR manifestations and its diagnostic value of liver cystic lesions.Methods The clinical and imaging data of 78 cases with liver cystic lesions were collected,including 21 cases of inflammatory cystic lesions,30 cases of tumor cystic degeneration and 27 cass of congenital growth cysts.Results The detected rate of liver cystic lesions with CT and MRI was all 100%.For inflammatory cystic lesions,tumor cystic degeneration and growth cyst,CT diagnostic accurate rate was 76%,90% and 93%,respectively,and MR was 83%,93% and 100% respectively.CT and MR manifestations:Of all inflammatory cystic lesions,hepatic abscess and liver echinococcosis cyst appeared as cystic occupying lesion,the cysts were of tension,low-density band on CT or water-like signal intensity on MR around the lesions in hepatic abscesses.Liver echinococcosis cysts were of big cyst with small cyst sign and enhanced moderately in cystic wall post contrast-enhanced scan.The metastasis cystic tumors showed single or multiple cystic lesions and mild or moderate circular enhancement.The primary liver tumor's cystc degenerative lesions showed cyst-solid lesions on CT and MR,and were of enhanced manifestations of the primary tumors.Growth cysts were single or multiple low-density or water-like signal intensity,generally there was not enhanced.Conclusion CT and MR have great diagnostic value for the location and nature of cystic lesions.
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Objective To analyse the CT features of hepatic abscess in different stages of pathology so that to improve the accuracy of CT diagnosis.Methods The plain CT and triphase contrast-enhanced CT findings of hepatic abscesses in 50 cases proved by surgery or other clinical methods were retrospectively analysed and compared with CT findings of hepatic carcinoma,hepatic metastases and hepatic hemangiomas.Results CT features of hepatic abscesses were divided into three types according to different stages of pathology.Early pyogenic hepatic abscess(10 cases)had two types:small cavitation(9 cases)and mass(1 case).Typical pyogenic hepatic abscess(38 cases)and granulomatous hepatic abscess(2 cases).Conclusion CT findings of liver abscesses are different in different stage of pathologic changes,triphase contrast-enhanced CT is specific in diagnosing hepatic abscess.