Network pharmacology-based study on mechanism of Zhi-Huang-Zhi-Tong powder in rheumatoid arthritis treatment / 中国药理学通报

Aim To discover the potential active compounds and possible mechanisms in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment with Zhi-Huang-Zhi-Tong powder (ZHZTP) by using network pharmacology and in vitro study. Methods The active ingredient targets and disease targets of Zhihuang Zhitong Powder were searched and screened by database; they intersected to get a common target; and the "drug-component-target" relationship network diagram was constructed for GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of the overlapping genes; then the core components were docked with the core targets. Finally, based on the inflammation model of HUVECs in vitro, the efficacy and mechanism of Zhihuang Zhitong powder were verified by MTT method, plate scratch test and Western blot. Results Active compounds involved in RA treatment were screened in the present study, and the top two were ursolic acid and emodin, all playing crucial roles in RA treatment with ZHZTP. Additionally, the key target was AKTA, TNF and IL-6. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that ZHZTP regulated BP, MF and CC, and also focused on regulating AKTA, TNF and IL-6 signaling pathway. Molecular docking showed that interactions between key active compounds and key targets were stable. In vitro ZHZTP significantly inhibited cell viability and migration of TNF-a-stimulated HUVECs, and the involved mechanism may be associated with PI3K/AKT/m-TOR signaling. Conclusions The present study reveals that the potential active compounds of ZHZTP are ursolic acid and emodin, and moreover, the involved mechanisms of ZHZTP for RA treatment are associated with PI3 K/AKT/m-TOR signaling.

Progresses and analysis in fibrinolytic drugs induced hemorrhage / 药学学报

At present, most clinical thrombolytic drugs are plasminogen activators, which are highly dependent on the plasminogen level of the patient. Therefore, the efficacy of those drugs is restricted. Unlike the conventional thrombolytic plasminogen activator drugs, fibrinolytic drugs have direct fibrinolytic activity. Thus, fibrinolytic drugs can directly dissolve the thrombus, and its thromlysis efficacy is not restricted by the patients' plasminogen. This is a new type of thrombolytic drug with higher thrombolytic efficiency and safety, and has become one of the research hotspots at present. Although more and more agents that can be used as fibrinolytic drugs have been discovered, only a few of them can successfully be applied in clinical practice. The mainly underlying reason is the risk of bleeding. In this paper, based on the latest research progress of fibrinolytic drugs, the bleeding mechanisms and coping strategies of fibrinolytic drugs were systematically reviewed, five types of bleeding mechanisms of fibrinolytic drugs were summarized, and three types of coping strategies were proposed. We hope our work can provide theoretical basis for the development of safer and more efficient fibrinolytic drugs.

The common morphology and clinical significance of the axillary arch / 中华外科杂志

Axillary arch is the most common type of axillary muscle fiber variation, with about 10.8% incidence in the Chinese population. Its natural forms are varied and fluid, with different starting points and terminations, and clinicians frequently lack recognition. Under commonly applicated sentinel lymph node biopsy, the axillary arch has been endowed with more clinical significance. The fabric of axillary arch will not only block lymphatic drainage in axilla and unclear anatomical level of axillary dissection, but also compress the axillary neurovascular bundle, causing upper limb venous thrombosis, lymphedema and nerve entrapment. The intumescent axillary arch may also show abnormal axillary bulge. In addition to finding axillary arch during cadaveric study and operation, several of imaging methods availably diagnose axillary arch preoperative, which can create new way for detection of axillary arch and extension of the surgical plan of sentinel lymph node biopsy. Although embryology and comparative anatomy have been used to explain the origin of the axillary arch, most of the ideas are still hypotheses and need further study.

Simultaneous determination of fifteen components in Niuhuang Jiangya Pills by UPLC-Q Exactive-Orbitrap MS / 药学学报

An ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/electrostatic field orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q Exactive-Orbitrap MS) method for the simultaneous determination of 15 compounds (taurocholic acid, 7-keto-3α,12-α-dihydroxycholanic acid, glycocholic acid, 3-oxo-7α,12α-hydroxy-5β-cholanoic acid, taurochenodeoxycholic acid, 3α-hydroxy-7-oxo-5β-cholanic acid, hyocholic acid, sodium taurodeoxycholate, hyodeoxycholic acid, cholic acid, glycochenodeoxycholic acid, glycodeoxycholic acid, taurolithocholic acid sodium salt, chenodeoxycholic acid, deoxycholic acid) in Niuhuang Jiangya Pills was established. The separation was performed on a Thermo Fisher Scientfic Bremen HYPERSIL GOLD C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.9 μm). Methanol and water (containing 0.1% formic acid)were adopted as the mobile phase by gradient elution．MS detection was performed with multiple reaction monitoring mode．The results showed that fifteen compounds had a good linearity within their respective concentration ranges (r > 0.999 0). The average recovery rates were 93.7%- 105.2% (n = 9). The established method was used to determine the content of 15 batches of samples, and the results showed that the content of cholic acid was quite different. The present study provides an important reference for the overall quality control of Niuhuang Jiangya Pills.

Analysis of the Factors Affecting the Configuration of the Anti-parallel G-quadruplex Formed by 22-nt Telomere RNA Fragments / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

G-quadruplexes with different conformations often exhibit different binding abilities to proteins and play different physiological functions. It is of great significance to analyze the factors affecting the configuration of G-quadruplex to explore its physiological function. Different from DNA, RNA sequences have shown parallel G-quadruplex structures in previous reports. However, we found that the only RNA sequence, the 22-nt telomere RNA fragment (ORN-N, A

Therapeutic Effects of Shenfu Injection in Shock / 中国结合医学杂志

Shock is the clinical manifestation of acute circulatory failure, which results in inadequate utilization of cellular oxygen. It is a common condition with high mortality rates in intensive care units. The intravenous administration of Shenfu Injection (SFI) may attenuate inflammation, regulate hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism; inhibit ischemia-reperfusion responses; and have adaptogenic and antiapoptotic effects. In this review, we have discussed the clinical applications and antishock pharmacological effects of SFI. Further in-depth and large-scale multicenter clinical studies are warranted to determine the therapeutic effects of SFI on shock.

c-MYC-mediated TRIB3/P62+ aggresomes accumulation triggers paraptosis upon the combination of everolimus and ginsenoside Rh2

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is abnormally activated in lung cancer. However, the anti-lung cancer effect of mTOR inhibitors as monotherapy is modest. Here, we identified that ginsenoside Rh2, an active component of Panax ginseng C. A. Mey., enhanced the anti-cancer effect of the mTOR inhibitor everolimus both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, ginsenoside Rh2 alleviated the hepatic fat accumulation caused by everolimus in xenograft nude mice models. The combination of everolimus and ginsenoside Rh2 (labeled Eve-Rh2) induced caspase-independent cell death and cytoplasmic vacuolation in lung cancer cells, indicating that Eve-Rh2 prevented tumor progression by triggering paraptosis. Eve-Rh2 up-regulated the expression of c-MYC in cancer cells as well as tumor tissues. The increased c-MYC mediated the accumulation of tribbles homolog 3 (TRIB3)/P62+ aggresomes and consequently triggered paraptosis, bypassing the classical c-MYC/MAX pathway. Our study offers a potential effective and safe strategy for the treatment of lung cancer. Moreover, we have identified a new mechanism of TRIB3/P62+ aggresomes-triggered paraptosis and revealed a unique function of c-MYC.

Application of Sarcosaprophagous Insects to Estimate the Postmortem Interval in 11 Cases / 法医学杂志

Objective To test the feasibility and accuracy of with sarcosaprophagous insects postmortem interval （PMI） estimation with sarcosaprophagous insects and provide references for estimation practice. Methods Eleven cases confirmed by the detection results, with complete entomological evidence were selected. The insect species, estimation results and true results involved in the cases were statistically analyzed and compared. Results Thirteen species of insects were found at the criminal scene, including Chrysomya megacephala （Fabricius）, Chrysomya rufifacies （Macquart）, Chrysomya nigripes （Aubertin）, Lucilia sericata （Meigen）, Hydrotaea spinigera Stein, Muscina stabulans （Fallén）, Sarcophagid （species were not identified）, Megaselia scalaris （Loew）, Hermetia illucens （Linnaeus）, Saprinus splendens （Paykull）, Creophilus maxillosus （Linnaeus）, Dermestes maculatus （De Geer） and Necrobia ruficollis （Fabricius）. The PMI of all eleven cases was within the range of estimated PMI. The estimated results of 72.73% cases were on the same day of the true results. Conclusion Sarcosaprophagous insects can estimate the PMI simply and conveniently. In cases where the PMI is within the time range of one generation of flies or beetles, the estimation results are relatively accurate. However, the estimation is less accurate when the PMI is beyond the time range.

MYOZ2 Promoted Adipogenic Differentiation of C3H10T1 / 2 Cells by Negatively Regulating the Expression of TCAP / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

The objective of this study was to investigate the expression profile of the myozenin2 (MYOZ2) gene and elucidate its effect on adipogenic differentiation of C3H10T1 / 2 cells and its possible mechanism∙ The longissimus dorsi‚ subcutaneous fat and liver tissue was collected from 180-day-old Mashen pigs‚ 60-day-old ICR mice‚ 35-day-old Ross broiler and 12-month-old Small tail han sheep‚ and the expression profile of the MYOZ2 gene mRNA was detected∙ The results showed that the MYOZ2 gene has similar patterns of tissue expression in examined species‚ with the highest expression level in longissimus dorsi‚ and a small amount of expression in the subcutaneous fat and liver tissue∙ After the MYOZ2 gene was silenced in C3H10T1 / 2 cells‚ qRT-PCR results showed that the expression levels of key adipogenic genes PPARγ and FABP4 were significantly down-regulated compared with the control group (P < 0∙ 01) ; Western Blotting results showed that the PPARγ protein content was significantly decreased (P < 0∙ 05) ; Oil red O staining showed that the number of lipid droplets and the content of triglyceride were significantly decreased after silencing MYOZ2 (P < 0∙ 05) ∙ The expression of fatty acid metabolism related genes SCD‚ FASN‚ SREBP1‚ NR1H3‚ DGAT1‚ PNPLA2‚ HSL‚ CES1‚ CPT1 after MYOZ2 silencing were detected by qRT-PCR∙ The results showed that SCD‚ FASN‚ SREBP1‚ PNPLA2 and HSL were significantly down-regulated (P < 0∙ 01) ‚ NR1H3 was significantly reduced (P < 0∙ 05) ‚ DGAT1 expression was down-regulated but the difference was not significant‚ CES1 and CPT1 were significantly up-regulated (P < 0∙ 05) ∙ The STRING database was used to construct a MYOZ2-related protein interaction network map‚ and it was found that MYOZ2 may affect the adipogenic differentiation through the interaction of titin-cap (TCAP) and PPARγ∙ After silencing TCAP‚ qRT-PCR results showed that compared with the control group‚ the expression of key adipogenic genes PPARγ and FABP4 were significantly up-regulated (P < 0∙ 01) ; Western Blotting results showed that PPARγ protein was significantly increased (P< 0∙ 05) ; Oil red O staining showed that the number of lipid droplets and the content of triglyceride were significantly increased after TCAP silencing (P < 0∙ 05) ∙ qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of TCAP after silencing MYOZ2‚ and the results showed that the expression of TCAP was significantly increased (P<0∙ 01) ∙ In summary‚ MYOZ2 was highly expressed in longissimus dorsi and lower expressed in subcutaneous fat and liver tissues∙ In addition‚ MYOZ2 may regulate the expression of key adipogenic genes PPARγ and FABP4 through the interaction of MYOZ2-TCAP -PPARγ‚ and to further regulate the expression of fatty acid metabolism related genes SCD‚ FASN‚ SREBP1‚ NR1H3‚ DGAT1‚ PNPLA2‚ HSL‚ CES1 and CPT1‚ thus playing an important role in the process of adipogenic differentiation∙

Effect of fucoxanthin on insulin resistance in obese mice induced by high fat diet / 中国中药杂志

The aim of this paper was to study the effect and mechanism of fucoxanthin on insulin resistance of obese mice induced by high-fat diet. Fifty C57 BL/6 J male mice were randomly divided into control group and high-fat diet group. The insulin resistance model was induced with high-fat diet for 12 weeks, and model mice were randomly divided into model group, fucoxanthin-0.2% group, fucoxanthin-0.4% group and metformin group. After dietary treatment for 6 weeks, the body weight and epididymal fat weight in each group were measured. Fasting blood glucose(FBG), fasting insulin(FINS), total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), low-density lipoprotein(LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein(HDL-C) were measured, and insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR) was calcula-ted. The pathological morphology in liver was observed by hematoxylin eosin staining, and the expressions of some key proteins in insulin receptor substrate 1(IRS-1)/posphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3 K)/serine-threonine kinase(Akt) and peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-γ(PPARγ)/sterol regulatory element binding protein-1(SREBP-1)/fatty acid synthetase(FAS) pathways in liver were detected by Western blot. According to the findings, compared with the model group, levels of body weight, epididymal fat weight, FBG, FINS, TC, TG, LDL-C and HOMA-IR, as well as protein expressions of PPARγ, SREBP-1 and FAS in liver were significantly reduced(P<0.05 or P<0.01), while level of HDL-C and protein expressions of p-IRS-1, IRS-1, PI3 K and p-Akt in liver were signi-ficantly increased after treatment with fucoxanthin(P<0.05 or P<0.01). And the pathological changes of liver tissue in fucoxanthin-treated mice were also improved obviously. The results showed that fucoxanthin could improve obesity, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, and alleviate insulin resistance in obese mice, and its mechanism is possibly related to the regulation of IRS-1/PI3 K/Akt and PPARγ/SREBP-1/FAS pathways.

Individual control of urine volume to improve stability of bladder volume in radiotherapy of urinary tumor / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the training mode of individual urine volume control, to take indi-vidual expected urine volume as the goal of bladder control in patients with urinary system tumors, and to improve the accuracy of bladder control during radiotherapy by active training of bladder receptivity.@*METHODS@#Twenty-five patients of urinary system tumors were enrolled from May 2019 to September 2019, of whom, 21 patients had prostate cancer, and 4 had bladder cancer. Training of bladder filling started before CT simulation. The patients were required to take the individual bladder filling as the training goal, and the optimal bladder volume range was suggested to be 200－400 mL. After 2－4 weeks of training, the prescribed volume of the bladder was determined according to the patient's bladder receptivity. The volume of the bladder was measured by images of plain CT and images 8-minutes after intravenous contrast injection. The patient's bladder volume was measured using BladderScan before treatment. CBCT (Cone-beam CT) was performed, and bladder volume was measured before treatment. The bladder volume was measured again using BladderScan after treatment.@*RESULTS@#The mean bladder volume of simulation (VCT01) was (262±130) mL, ranging from 78 mL to 505 mL. The mean self-evaluation bladder volume before radiotherapy (VEVA01) was (238±107) mL, ranging from 100 mL to 400 mL. The mean BladderScan measured volume before radiotherapy (VBVI01) was (253±123) mL, ranging from 60 mL to 476 mL. The mean cone-beam CT measured volume before radiotherapy (VCBCT) was (270±120) mL, ranging from 104 mL to 513 mL. There was a correlation between VEVA01 and VBVI01, VCT01 and VBVI01, VCT01, and VBVI01, and there was no significant difference in paired t-test. There was a correlation between differences of self-evaluation bladder volume before radiotherapy(VEVA01) and simulation CT (VCT01) and differences of self-evaluation bladder volume before radiotherapy (VEVA01) and cone-beam CT (VCBCT), and there was no significant difference in paired samples by t-test.@*CONCLUSION@#During radiotherapy for urinary system tumors, such as prostate cancer and bladder cancer, with the assistance of BladderScan, the patients could try to hold their urine moderately according to their conditions, and individualized bladder prescription may be beneficial to achieve stable bladder volume during radiotherapy.

Clinical Features and Prognosis of 188 Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia-M / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To summarize the clinical characteristics of patients with acute myeloid leukemia-type M (AML-M) and analyze the factors affecting the prognosis.@*METHODS@#One hundred eighty-eight AML-M patients were retrospectively analyzed for the following parameters including peripheral blood, immune phenotypes, fusion genes and cytogenetics to explore their significance for the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). The prognostic factors were also analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Among 188 patients with AML-M, the chromosomal abnormality with t (8;21), normal chromosome and other abnormalities accounted for 37% (70/188), 41% (77/188) and 22% (41/188), respectively. For the immunopheno typing of M patients, the hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation antigen CD117 (96.1%) were mainly expressed, CD34 (81.6%) and HLA-DR (55.9%), and myeloid-associated antigen of CD13 (90.5%) and CD33 (89.4%) were also highly expressed. There were lymphoid-associated antigens expressed in some patients, among which the positive expression rate of CD19 was highest (29.6%), and the next was CD7 (28.5%). The most common accompanied mutations was FLT3 mutation (30.2%). The univariate analysis showed that the patients at age＜50 years old, without extramedullary infiltration, with positive expression of CD19, NPM-1 (-), CEBPA double mutation(+), and HSCT were significant superior in OS and PFS (P＜0.05); the multivariate analysis showed that the patient at age＜50 years old, without extramedullary infiltration, with positive expression of CD19 and CEBPA double mutation (+) were significant superior in OS and PFS (P＜0.05). The analysis indicated that the Karytypes affected only OS (P＜0.05), while the NPM-1 gene mutation positive affected only PFS (P＜0.05). The univarate analysis of factors affecting the survival in 70 AML-M patients with t (8;21) abnormatity showed that the C-KIT gene mutation was a poor factor for OS and PFS.@*CONCLUSION@#The clinical characteristics are different between M patients with different karyotype, and prognostic analysis shows that the karytypes have an impact on overall survival; age, extramedullary infiltration, CD19 expression and CEBPA double mutation are also the main factors impacting the prognosis of patients.

Sequential Therapy Based on Evolvement of Patterns: A New Model for Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease / 中国结合医学杂志

In order to solve the problem of long-term (>9 months) efficacy in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by conventional therapy (CT), a staged and multiply-targeted sequential therapy based on the evolvement of patterns (STEP) was developed. Its main innovations include: (1) the time order of evolution of patterns defined by Chinese medicine (CM) in AD was found, that is, "the orderly pattern evolution starting from Shen (Kidney) deficiency, progressing to phlegm, stasis and fire, and worsening to severe toxin as well as functional collapse"; (2) the cascade hypothesis of Shen deficiency in AD and its sequential therapy based on Shen-reinforcing was proposed, that is, "reinforcing Shen in the early stage and throughout the whole process, resolving phlegm, activating blood and purging fire in the middle stage, detoxifying and replenishing vitality to stop the collapse in the advanced stage", and through meta-analysis, clinical drug use was optimized, thus the leap from "inferential selection" to "evidence-based selection" was realized; (3) the STEP regimen combined with CT maintained cognitive and behavioral stability in AD patients for at least 12 months, with cognitive enhancement and behavioral synergy after 9 months, and cognitive benefit was superior to CT at 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, and 24 months, respectively. The 2-year cognitive improvement rate was increased by 25.64% (P=0.020) and the cognitive deterioration rate was decreased by 48.71% (P=0.000). Among them, the cognitive and functional benefits of Shen-reinforcing therapy for very early AD (350 cases) for 1 year were better than the placebo (P<0.001), and the dementia conversion rate was reduced by 8.85% (P=0.002). The behavioral symptomatic relief of patients with vascular dementia received fire-purging therapy (540 cases) was superior to those received CT (P=0.016). These data suggested that the STEP regimen has synergistic effects on CTs at least in terms of cognitive benefit, and the earlier the use, the greater the benefit will have. Therefore, the STEP regimen should be considered as one of the clinical options, particularly for the dearth of effective pharmaceutical or immunological interventions that are currently available for AD.

Clinical implication of minimal residual disease monitoring by 10-color flow cytometry in multiple myeloma / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: To evaluate the prognostic significance of minimal residual disease (MRD) monitoring by 10-color flow cytometry in multiple myeloma (MM) patients after treatment. Methods: 150 patients with MM who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from July 2015 to July 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical data, MRD data monitoring by 10-color flow cytometry and prognosis were analyzed. Results: 39.1% (34/87) patients were MRD negative after induction chemotherapy, and 49.3% (34/69) patients were MRD negative within 1 year after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) . MRD-negative patients after induction chemotherapy or after transplantation have better progress-free survival (PFS) than MRD-positive patients (P=0.022 and P<0.001) . According to the changes of MRD pre-ASCT and after ASCT, the patients were divided into 4 groups: patients with MRD continued negativity,improved from MRD positive to MRD negative, MRD continued positivity, transformed from MRD negative to MRD positive. The two-year PFS of the four groups were 83%, 82%, 44%, 0, respectively, (P=0.002) . Multivariate analysis showed that the level of MRD after induction chemotherapy was an independent factor for PFS (P=0.002) , HR=4.808 (95%CI 1.818-12.718) . Conclusion: Patients with MRD negative after treatment is a better prognosis marker than complete remission or even the best marker, which can evaluate prognosis by combining R-ISS and cytogenetic changes.

A clinical study of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in 23 patients with early T-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: Early T-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ETP-ALL) is a recently recognized high-risk T lymphoblastic leukemia subgroup. The optimal therapeutic approaches to adult patients with ETP-ALL are poorly characterized. In this study, we explore the efficacy and outcome of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) for ETP-ALL. Methods: The clinical data of 23 patients with ETP-ALL receiving allo-HSCT from 2010 to 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients with ETP-ALL were diagnosed based on the characteristic immunophenotypes. Second-generation sequencing was done in all patients. As to the donors, 12 patients had haploidentical donors (Haplo-HSCT) , 7 HLA-matched sibling donors (Sib-HSCT) and 4 HLA-matched unrelated donors (URD-HSCT) . Before transplantation, 19 patients achieved complete remission (CR) and 4 patients without. Results: The main clinical features of ETP-ALL included high white blood cell counts in 5 patients, splenomegaly in 14, lymphadenopathy in 19, and thymus masses in 5. According to cytogenetic and molecular characteristics, 11 patients had gene mutations related to myeloid tumors, and 7 with high risk Karyotype. After first induction regimen, 14/23 patients achieved CR. 5 patients reached CR after more than 2 cycles of chemotherapy, while another 4 patients did not reach CR. After allo-HSCT, 22 patients were successfully implanted. The median time of granulocyte and platelet reconstitution was +12 and +19 days. One patient died of transplant-related infection at +14 days. The estimated 18-month overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) rates were (55.0±14.4) % and (48.1±14.7) % respectively. Transplant-related mortality was 4.3%. The median OS in patients achieving CR before transplantation was 20 months, however, that in patients without CR was only 13 months. OS and RFS between haplo-HSCT and sib-HSCT were comparable (P=0.460 and 0.420 respectively) . Conclusions: Allo-HSCT is an effective therapy in some patients with ETP-ALL. Salvage HSCT cannot overcome the poor outcome. Haplo-HSCT and sib-HSCT in ETP-ALL patients have the similar clinical outcome.

Relationship between atmospheric pollutants and risk of death caused by cardiovascular and respiratory diseases and malignant tumors in Shenyang, China, from 2013 to 2016: an ecological research / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Air pollutants and their pathogenic effects differ among regions and seasons. We aimed to explore the relationship between fine particulate matter (PM2.5), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and ozone-8 hours (O3-8h) concentrations in heating and non-heating seasons and the associated death risk due to cardiovascular diseases (CDs), respiratory diseases (RDs), and malignant tumors.@*METHODS@#Data were collected in Shenyang, China, from April 2013 to March 2016. We analyzed the correlation or lagged effect of atmospheric pollutant concentration, meteorological conditions, and death risk due to disorders of the circulatory system, respiratory system, and malignant tumor in heating and non-heating seasons. We also used multivariate models to analyze the association of air pollutants during holidays with the death risk due to the evaluated diseases while considering the presence or absence of meteorological factors.@*RESULTS@#An increase in the daily average SO2 concentration by 10 μg/m increased the death risk by CDs, which reached a maximum of 2.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3%-2.7%) on lagging day 4 during the non-heating season and 0.2% (95% CI: 0.1%-0.4%) on lagging day 3 during the heating season. The risk of death caused by RDs peaked on lagging day 1 by 0.8% (95% CI: 0.4%-1.2%) during the heating season. An increase in O3-8h concentration by 10 μg/m increased the risk of RD-related death on lagging day 2 by 1.0% (95% CI: 0.4%-1.7%) during the non-heating season, which was significantly higher than the 0.1% (95% CI: 0-0.9%) increase during the heating season. Further, an increase in the daily average PM2.5 concentration by 10 μg/m increased the risk of death caused by RDs by 0.3% and 0.8% during heating and non-heating seasons, respectively, which peaked on lagging day 0. However, air pollution was not significantly associated with the risk of death caused by malignant tumors.@*CONCLUSION@#Short-term exposure to PM2.5, SO2, and O3 during the non-heating season resulted in higher risks of CD-related death, followed by RD-related death.

Relationship between atmospheric pollutants and risk of death caused by cardiovascular and respiratory diseases and malignant tumors in Shenyang, China, from 2013 to 2016: an ecological research / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Background@#Air pollutants and their pathogenic effects differ among regions and seasons. We aimed to explore the relationship between fine particulate matter (PM2.5), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and ozone-8 hours (O3-8h) concentrations in heating and non-heating seasons and the associated death risk due to cardiovascular diseases (CDs), respiratory diseases (RDs), and malignant tumors.@*Methods@#Data were collected in Shenyang, China, from April 2013 to March 2016. We analyzed the correlation or lagged effect of atmospheric pollutant concentration, meteorological conditions, and death risk due to disorders of the circulatory system, respiratory system, and malignant tumor in heating and non-heating seasons. We also used multivariate models to analyze the association of air pollutants during holidays with the death risk due to the evaluated diseases while considering the presence or absence of meteorological factors.@*Results@#An increase in the daily average SO2 concentration by 10 μg/m3 increased the death risk by CDs, which reached a maximum of 2.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3%–2.7%) on lagging day 4 during the non-heating season and 0.2% (95% CI: 0.1%-0.4%) on lagging day 3 during the heating season. The risk of death caused by RDs peaked on lagging day 1 by 0.8% (95% CI: 0.4%–1.2%) during the heating season. An increase in O3-8h concentration by 10 μg/m3 increased the risk of RD-related death on lagging day 2 by 1.0% (95% CI: 0.4%–1.7%) during the non-heating season, which was significantly higher than the 0.1% (95% CI: 0–0.9%) increase during the heating season. Further, an increase in the daily average PM2.5 concentration by 10 μg/m3 increased the risk of death caused by RDs by 0.3% and 0.8% during heating and non-heating seasons, respectively, which peaked on lagging day 0. However, air pollution was not significantly associated with the risk of death caused by malignant tumors.@*Conclusion@#Short-term exposure to PM2.5, SO2, and O3 during the non-heating season resulted in higher risks of CD-related death, followed by RD-related death.

Comparison of over-the-scope clip and traditional through-the-scope clip in the treatment of peptic ulcer bleeding / 中国内镜杂志

Objective?To compare the difference between endoscopic hemostasis with over-the-scope clip and conventional endoscopic hemostasis with through-the-scope clip for treatment of peptic ulcer bleeding.?Methods?Using the method of retrospective study, 22 cases of peptic ulcer bleeding patients treated by endoscopic hemostasis with over-the-scope clip and 24 cases recently completed by endoscopic hemostasis with through-the-scope clip before the application of endoscopic hemostasis with over-the-scope clip as the research object, then evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic hemostasis with over-the-scope clip by comparing immediate hemostasis success (rate), the total number of clips used for operation, first successful hemostasis (rate), postoperative recurrence (rate), hemostasis success (rate), rebleeding (rate), two endoscopic treatment (rate), permanent hemostasis (rate), complication (rate), postoperative hospital stay (d), mortality (rate).?Results?Immediate hemostasis success (rate) of peptic ulcer bleeding patients treated by endoscopic hemostasis with over-the-scope clip was 20/22 (90.9%) and the total number of clips used for operation was 22, the first successful hemostasis (rate) was 20/22 (90.9%), postoperative recurrence (rate) was 1/20 (5.0%), successful hemostasis (rate) was19/22 (86.4%), rebleeding (rate) was 1/20 (5.0%), two endoscopic treatment (rate) was 3/22 (13.6%), permanent hemostasis (rate) was 18/22 (81.8%), complications (rate) was 0/22 (0.0%), postoperative hospital stay time (d) was (8.95 ± 0.96) d, death (rate) was 0/22 (0.0%). Immediate hemostasis success (rate) of peptic ulcer bleeding patients treated by hemostasis therapy with through-the-scope clip was 13/24 (54.2%) and the total number of clips used for operation was 56, the first successful hemostasis (rate) was 13/24 (54.2%), postoperative recurrence (rate) was 0/13 (0.0%), successful hemostasis (rate) was 13/24 (54.2%), rebleeding (rate) was 0/13 (0.0%), two endoscopic treatment (rate) was 11/24 (45.8%), permanent hemostasis (rate) was 13/24 (54.2%), complications (rate) was 0/24 (0.0%), hospitalization time after operation (d) was (8.54 ± 0.53) d, death (rate) was 1/24 (4.2%). Immediate hemostasis success (rate), first successful hemostasis (rate), hemostasis success (rate), and permanent hemostasis (rate) were higher in the OTSC group than in the TTSC group. However, two endoscopic treatment (rate) was lower in the OTSC group than in the TTSC group (P < 0.05).?Conclusion?Endoscopic hemostasis with over-the-scope clip is safe and effective on the treatment of peptic ulcer bleeding,it can be used as the first choice for the treatment of complicated and refractory peptic ulcer bleeding due to rupture of blood vessel with the larger diameter or other causes.

Screening active ingredients of Shenkangwan that regulate endothelial-mesenchymal transition of endothelial cells in vitro / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To screen the effective components of Shenkangwan that regulate endothelial-mesenchymal transition in endothelial cells for optimizing prescription of Shenkangwan.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>ALK5 was identified as one of the target receptors that regulate endothelial-mesenchymal transition of endothelial cells using molecular docking technique. Nine molecules were screened as the candidate effective components in Shenkangwan, among which calycosin, ononin and stigmasterol were selected for testing. Glomerular epithelial cells were exposed to high glucose and treated with calycosin, ononin, or stigmasterol, and the cellular expressions of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and vimentin mRNA were detected with real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. The phosphorylation of SMAD2/3 in the cells was detected using Western blotting.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Calycosin, ononin and stigmasterol did not produce significant cytotoxicity in glomerular epithelial cells (P>0.05). The cells exposed to high glucose and calycosin treatment showed significantly decreased mRNA levels of α-SMA and vimentin (P<0.05) and inhibited phosphorylation of SMAD2/3. Ononin and stigmasterol did not produce such effects in the cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In endothelial cells with high glucose-induced injury, calycosin can inhibit the up-regulation of α-SMA and vimentin and inhibit phosphorylation of SMAD2/3 to regulate endothelial-mesenchymal transition and improve diabetic nephropathy.</p>

Kidney-replenishing herb modulates phenotype of NK cells at fetal-maternal interface by up-regulating IDO expression of trophoblasts / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To study the mechanism of kidney-replenishing herb in regulating the tolerance of fetal-maternal interface and the effect of IDO on modulating the phenotype of decidual NK cells. Methods: Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase ( IDO) expression in villus tissues from normal pregnancies and recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) patients was monitored by immunohisto-chemistry (IHC). IDO expression in HTR-8/Svneo cells treated with control or herb serum medium was detected by flow cytometry (FCM). The influence of kidney-replenishing herb on modulating the phenotype of NK cells,CD16 and CD56 expression in peripheral NK cells co-cultured with control or herb serum medium in the presence or absence of 1-methyltryptophan (1-MT) treated HTR-8/Svneo cells were measured by FCM. Results: IDO expression was decreased in villus tissue of RSA patients compared to normal preg-nancies. Herb medium could increase the IDO expression of HTR-8/Svneo. Kidney-replenishing herb could enhance the regulatory function of trophoblasts on NK cells and further induce the immune tolerance at fetal-maternal interface in IDO dependent and independent manners. Conclusion: Kidney-replenishing herb can modulate the phenotype of peripheral NK cell by up-regulating IDO expression in trophoblasts and play a role in the treatment of RSA patients.