Toxicity attenuation processing technology and mechanism of Rhizoma Dioscoreae Bulbiferae stir-fried with Paeoniae Radix Alba decoction / 中国中药杂志

This study explored toxicity attenuation processing technology of Rhizoma Dioscoreae Bulbiferae stir-fried with Paeoniae Radix Alba decoction for the first time, and further explored its detoxification mechanism. Nine processed products of Rhizoma Dioscoreae Bulbiferae stir-fried with Paeoniae Radix Alba decoction were prepared by orthogonal experiment with three factors and three levels. Based on the decrease in the content of the main hepatotoxic component diosbulbin B before and after processing of Rhizoma Dioscoreae Bulbiferae by high-performance liquid chromatography, the toxicity attenuation technology was preliminarily screened out. On this basis, the raw and representative processed products of Rhizoma Dioscoreae Bulbiferae were given to mice by gavage with 2 g·kg~(-1)(equival to clinical equivalent dose) for 21 d. The serum and liver tissues were collected after the last administration for 24 h. The serum biochemical indexes reflecting liver function and liver histopathology were combined to further screen out and verify the proces-sing technology. Then, the lipid peroxidation and antioxidant indexes of liver tissue were detected by kit method, and the expressions of NADPH quinone oxidoreductase 1(NQO1) and glutamate-cysteine ligase(GCLM) in mice liver were detected by Western blot to further explore detoxification mechanism. The results showed that the processed products of Rhizoma Dioscoreae Bulbiferae stir-fried with Paeoniae Radix Alba decoction reduced the content of diosbulbin B and improved the liver injury induced by Rhizoma Dioscoreae Bul-biferae to varying degrees, and the processing technology of A_2B_2C_3 reduced the excessive levels of alanine transaminase(ALT) and aspartate transaminase(AST) induced by raw Rhizoma Dioscoreae Bulbiferae by 50.2% and 42.4%, respectively(P<0.01, P<0.01). The processed products of Rhizoma Dioscoreae Bulbiferae stir-fried with Paeoniae Radix Alba decoction reversed the decrease protein expression levels of NQO1 and GCLM in the liver of mice induced by raw Rhizoma Dioscoreae Bulbiferae to varying degrees(P<0.05 or P<0.01), and it also reversed the increasing level of malondialdehyde(MDA) and the decreasing levels of glutathione(GSH), glutathione peroxidase(GPX), and glutathione S-transferase(GST) in the liver of mice(P<0.05 or P<0.01). In summary, this study shows that the optimal toxicity attenuation processing technology of Rhizoma Dioscoreae Bulbiferae stir-fried with Paeoniae Radix Alba decoction is A_2B_2C_3, that is, 10% of Paeoniae Radix Alba decoction is used for moistening Rhizoma Dioscoreae Bulbiferae and processed at 130 ℃ for 11 min. The detoxification mechanism involves enhancing the expression levels of NQO1 and GCLM antio-xidant proteins and related antioxidant enzymes in the liver.

Mechanical effects of needle texture on acupoint tissue / 中西医结合学报

OBJECTIVE@#This study aims to clarify how the stimulation of acupuncture points is achieved by needles with different surface texture during acupuncture; it also seeks to lessen injury at the insertion site and increase the therapeutic efficacy of acupuncture, by simulating the mechanical effects of various needle surface patterns on Zusanli (ST36) without changing the radius of acupuncture needles.@*METHODS@#Five acupuncture needle models with different surface patterns, including the smooth needle, the lined needle, the ringed needle, the left-hand threaded needle and the right-hand threaded needle, and a layered model of the Zusanli acupoint were used to investigate how to reduce tissue damage and increase stimulation during acupuncture treatment. Puncturing of the skin as well as lifting-inserting and twisting needle manipulations were simulated using these models, and the degree of damage and force of stimulation caused by the acupuncture needles with different surface patterns during acupuncture were compared.@*RESULTS@#The smooth needle and the lined needle caused the least tissue damage during insertion, while the left-hand threaded and the right-hand threaded needles caused the most damage. The ringed needle, the left-hand threaded needle and the right-hand threaded needle stimulated the acupoint tissue more during lifting-inserting manipulations, while the lined needle and the smooth needle produced less stimulation. The stimulation of the lined needle on the acupoint tissue was the largest during twisting manipulation, whereas the left-hand threaded needle and the right-hand threaded needle had smaller effects. In lifting-inserting and twisting manipulations, both the left-hand threaded needle and right-hand threaded needle provided more stimulation, but the torsion direction in which they produced better stimulation was the opposite.@*CONCLUSION@#According to the simulation results, the ringed pattern enhances stimulation best in the lifting-inserting manipulation, whereas the lined pattern enhances stimulation best in the twisting manipulation. Both the right-hand and left-hand thread patterns have certain enhancing effects in these two operations. Taking the geometric properties of the pattern into account, the left-hand thread pattern and the right-hand thread pattern have the geometric characteristics of both the lined pattern and the ringed pattern. To conclude, a pattern perpendicular to the movement direction during the acupuncture manipulation creates more stimulation. These results have significance for future needle design. Please cite this article as: Sun MZ, Wang X, Li YC, Yao W, Gu W. Mechanical effects of needle texture on acupoint tissue. J Integr Med. 2023; 21(3): 254-267.

Exploring biological connotation of blood stasis syndrome of rheumatoid arthritis and establishment of improved animal models based on syndrome-symptom mapping / 药学学报

Blood stasis syndrome is one of the core clinical syndrome of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but the biological connotation of this syndrome is not clear, and there is a lack of disease improved animal models that match the characteristics of this disease and syndrome. The aim of this study was to screen the candidate biomarker gene set of blood stasis syndrome of RA, reveal the biological connotation of this syndrome, and explore and evaluate the preparation method of the improved animal model based on the characteristics of "disease-syndrome-symptom". The study was approved by the ethics committee of Guang'anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (No. 2019-073-KY-01) and the First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (No. TYLL2021[K]018), and the study subjects gave their informed consent. Animal welfare and experimental procedures followed the regulations of the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of the Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (No. IBTCMCACMS21-2207-01). The whole blood samples were collected clinically from RA patients with blood stasis syndrome (3 cases) or other syndromes (7 types, 3 cases/type), and healthy volunteers (4 cases), and then transcriptome sequencing, KEGG, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) analysis were performed. 126 pivotal genes were screened, and their functional annotation results were significantly enriched in "immune-inflammation" related pathways and lipid metabolism regulation (sphingolipids, ether lipid metabolism and steroid biosynthesis). Syndrome-symptom mapping of hub gene set to the TCM primary and secondary symptoms, Western phenotypic symptoms and pathological links showed that joint tingling, abnormal joint morphology, petechiae and abnormal blood circulation are representative of blood stasis syndrome of RA. The results of the improved animal model showed that the rats in the collagen-induced arthritis + adrenaline hydrochloride (CIA+Adr) 3 model group had increased blood rheology, coagulation, platelet function and endothelial function abnormalities compared with the CIA-alone model group, suggesting that the rats with blood stasis syndrome of RA may be in a state of "blood stasis". The results of the study can help to advance the objective study of the evidence of blood stasis syndrome in RA, and provide new ideas for the establishment of an animal model that reflects the clinical characteristics of the disease and syndrome.

Hypoglycemic mechanism of Psoraleae Fructus and its main chemical constituents / 中国中药杂志

With the rise of incidence, fatality rate, and number of young cases, diabetes mellitus has been one of the seven major diseases threatening human health. Although many antidiabetic drugs(oral or for injection) are available, the majority have serious side effects during the long-term use. Thus, it is of particularly vital to develop new drugs with low risk and definite effect. Psoraleae Fructus, a traditional medicinal widely used in the folk, has hypoglycemic, anti-osteoporosis, antitumor, estrogen-like, and anti-inflammatory effects. Thus, it has great clinical application potential. Chinese medicine and the active ingredients, characterized by multiple targets, multiple pathways, and multiple effects in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, have distinct advantages in clinical application. However, the safety of Chinese medicine remains to be a challenge, and one of keys is to clarifying the mechanism of a single Chinese medicinal and its active ingredients. With the method of literature research, this study summarized and analyzed the hypoglycemic mechanisms of Psoraleae Fructus and its main active ingredients over the last decade: regulating glucose metabolism, improving insulin resistance, and directly acting on pancreatic β-cells. The result is expected to serve as a reference for further research on the effects of Psoraleae Fructus and its main chemical constituents in lowering blood glucose and preventing diabetes mellitus and the clinical application.

Preliminary exploration of detoxification mechanism of processing methods on cardiotoxicity induced by radix Tripterygium wilfordii in mice via Nrf2/HO-1 pathway / 中国中药杂志

This study aims to investigate the detoxification effects of different processing methods on the cardiotoxicity induced by radix Tripterygium wilfordii, and preliminarily explore the detoxification mechanism via the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2(Nrf2)/heme oxygenase 1(HO-1) pathway. The raw and processed products [stir-fried product, product stir-fried with Lysimachiae Herba(JQC), product stir-fried with Phaseoli Radiati Semen(LD), product stir-fried with Paeoniae Radix Alba(BS), product stir-fried with Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma(GC), and product stir-fried with vinegar(CZ)] of radix T. wilfordii were administrated to mice by gavage at a dose of 2 g·kg~(-1)(based on crude drugs) for 28 days. Twenty-four hours after the last administration, we measured the serum biochemical indexes of mice to evaluate the detoxification effect. Furthermore, we determined the expression of key proteins of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in mouse heart tissue by Western blot and some oxidation/antioxidation-related indexes by corresponding kits to explore the detoxification mechanism. The administration of the raw product elevated the levels of serum creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and malondialdehyde, a product of cardiac lipid peroxidation(P<0.01), down-regulated the protein levels of Nrf2 and HO-1(P<0.01), and reduced the levels of total superoxide dismutase, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferase(P<0.01). However, after the administration of the products stir-fried with JQC, LD, BS, GC, and CZ, the abnormalities of the above indexes induced by the raw product were recovered(P<0.05 or P<0.01). In particular, the product stir-fried with JQC showed the best performance. Taken all together, the cardiotoxicity induced by radix T. wilfordii could be attenuated by stir-frying with JQC, LD, BS, GC, and CZ, and the stir-frying with JQC showed the best detoxification effect. The mechanism might be associated with the cardiac antioxidant defense and oxidative damage mitigation mediated by the up-regulated Nrf2.

Transcriptome-wide identification and expression pattern analysis for Dof gene family in Panax ginseng from Jilin / 中国中药杂志

Dof(DNA binding with one finger), a unique class of transcription factors in plants, play an important role in seed development, tissue differentiation, and metabolic regulation. To identify the number and function of Dof gene family members in Panax ginseng, this study identified the members of Dof gene family in P. ginseng and systematically analyzed their structures, evolution, functional differentiation, expression patterns, and interactions using bioinformatics methods at the transcriptome level. At the same time, the association analysis of Dof genes from P. ginseng with key enzyme genes for ginsenoside synthesis was carried out to screen the candidate PgDof genes involved in the regulation of ginsenoside biosynthesis. The results showed that there were 54 genes belonging to the Dof gene family in P. ginseng from Jilin. All PgDof genes had Zf-Dof conserved motifs, implying that they were evolutionarily conserved and could be divided into five groups. Expression pattern analysis confirmed that the expression of PgDof gene family members in different tissues, different year-old P. ginseng, and different farm varieties varied significantly. Simultaneously, as revealed by "gene-saponin content" and "gene-gene" linkage analysis, an important candidate PgDof14-1 gene involved in the regulation of ginsenoside biosynthesis was obtained. From the established genetic transformation system of this gene in the hairy roots of P. ginseng, a positive hairy root clone was determined. This study has laid a theoretical foundation for the study of Dof gene family in P. ginseng.

Application of Three Blood Stasis Models in Zebrafish in Evaluation of Anti-thrombosis and Anti-myocardial Hypoxia Activities of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo establish blood stasis models in zebrafish using three inducers and select the optimal model for evaluating the activity of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma in promoting blood circulation. MethodArachidonic acid （AA）， ponatinib， and isoprenaline （ISO） were used to induce blood stasis models in zebrafish. A normal group， a model group， a positive drug group， and Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma water extract freeze-dried powder groups at different concentrations were set up. The staining intensity of cardiac erythrocytes and the fluorescence intensity of cardiac apoptotic cells were calculated， the anti-thrombotic effect and anti-myocardial hypoxia activity of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma were evaluated. The activities of water extract and 70% methanol extract of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma were compared based on the preferred AA- and ISO-induced blood stasis models in zebrafish and the difference in the chemical composition was analyzed by UHPLC LTQ-Orbitrap MS/MS. ResultAfter induction by AA and ponatinib， the staining intensity of cardiac erythrocytes was reduced （P<0.01）， and the fluorescence intensity of cardiac apoptotic cells increased after the induction by ISO （P<0.01）. The freeze-dried powder of the water extract of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma could antagonize the thrombosis in the AA-induced model （P<0.01） and the myocardial apoptosis in the ISO-induced model （P<0.05）， while no significant improvement in the thrombosis was observed in the ponatinib-induced model. The freeze-dried powder of 70% methanol extract of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma could inhibit myocardial apoptosis in the ISO-induced blood stasis model （P<0.01）， and the effect was stronger than that of the freeze-dried powder of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma water extract. The difference in chemical composition lay in some saponins （such as ginsenoside Re）， amino acids， and acetylenic alcohols. ConclusionAA， ponatinib， and ISO all can serve as inducers for the blood stasis model in zebrafish. AA- and ISO-induced models can be used to evaluate the activity of freeze-dried powder of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma water extract in promoting blood circulation. The chemical compositions of the freeze-dried powders of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma extracted with water and 70% methanol are quite different. For the ISO-induced blood stasis model， the freeze-dried powder of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma extracted with 70% methanol has a stronger ability against myocardial hypoxia. Saponins and acetylenic alcohols may be closely related to the effects of promoting blood circulation and resolving blood stasis.

Galangin enhances autophagy by inhibiting NF-κB pathway in gastric cancer MGC-803 cells / 中国中药杂志

This study aimed to explore the effects of galangin on energy metabolism and autophagy in gastric cancer MGC803 cells and the underlying mechanism. Cell counting kit-8(CCK-8) was used to detect the effects of galangin at different concentrations on via-bility of MGC803 cells after 48 h intervention. Western blot was carried out to measure the effects of galangin on expression of proteins related to autophagy, nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB) pathway and energy metabolism, followed by the determination of its effects on mRNA expression of energy metabolism-related proteins by Real-time quantitative PCR(qPCR). The impact of galangin on autophagy was explored using AutophagyGreen dye reagent, with autophagosomes and lysosomes observed under the transmission electron microscope(TEM). Nude mice transplanted with gastric cancer MGC803 cells via subcutaneous injection were randomly divided into the following three groups: control(0.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, once a day), 5-fluorouracil(5-FU, 50 mg·kg~(-1), twice a week), and galangin(120 mg·kg~(-1), once a day) groups. The body weight and tumor volume were measured once every three days with a vernier caliper at the same time point by the same person. After 21-d treatment, the tumor tissue was isolated and weighed for the calculation of the tumor-suppressing rate. The comparison with the control group revealed that galangin inhibited the viability of MGC803 cells, up-regulated the protein expression of microtuble-associated protein 1 light chain 3 B(LC3 B) Ⅱ, inhibited the phosphorylation of NF-κB pathway-related proteins, and promoted the formation of autophagosomes in MGC803 cells. However, it did not obviously affect the expression of energy metabolism-related proteins. Furthermore, galangin at 120 mg·kg~(-1) significantly reduced the tumor weight and volume in mice, enhanced LC3 BⅡ protein expression, and inhibited the phosphorylation of NF-κB pathway-related proteins. All these have suggested that galangin inhibited the growth of gastric cancer MGC803 cells both in vivo and in vitro, possibly by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway and enhancing autophagy.

Network Pharmacology Study of Astragaloside Ⅳ in Treatment of Ischemic Stroke / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To study the mechanism of astragaloside Ⅳ in the treatment of ischemic stroke by means of network pharmacology. Method:The targets of astragaloside Ⅳ were predicted using Swiss Target Prediction platform， and the targets of ischemic stroke were retrieved using GeneCards， Therapeutic Target Database （TTD）， Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Database （TCMID） and Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform （TCMSP） databases. The potential targets of astragaloside Ⅳ acting on ischemic stroke were obtained by the intersection of the targets of astragaloside Ⅳ and ischemic stroke. STRING platform was used to build protein-protein interaction （PPI） network， and eigenvalues were calculated through network topology analysis to screen core targets. Gene Ontology （GO） analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） pathway analysis were performed on the related targets in DAVID database. Finally， molecular docking verification was conducted to further clarify the core targets of astragaloside Ⅳ acting on ischemic stroke. Result:The 44 common targets were obtained after the intersection of the targets of astragaloside Ⅳ and ischemic stroke. PPI network topology analysis showed that RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase （Akt1）， renin （REN）， epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR）， vascular endothlial growth factor A （VEGFA） and neuronal proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase （SRC） were the core targets of astragaloside Ⅳ in the treatment of ischemic stroke. Enrichment analysis results of KEGG pathway showed that the pathways of astragaloside Ⅳ acting on ischemic stroke involved the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway， cGMP-PKG signaling pathway， calcium signaling pathway， Rap1 signaling pathway， PI3K/Akt signaling pathway， etc. Conclusion:Astragaloside Ⅳ may promote angiogenesis and inhibit platelet activity by acting on Akt1， REN， EGFR， VEGFA， SRC， thus improving cerebral blood flow. It can also inhibit the apoptosis of ischemic brain tissue cells and inflammation to reduce the damage of nerve function， and finally treat ischemic stroke. This study provides ideas and guidance for further exploring the mechanism of astragaloside Ⅳ in the treatment of ischemic stroke.

Effect of neutrophil extracellular traps on ischemic stroke and intervention of traditional Chinese medicine / 中国中药杂志

Ischemic stroke is the leading cause of death and disability in adults in China. Recent studies have shown that neutrophil extracellular traps play a crucial role in occurrence and development of ischemic stroke. This paper reviewed the literatures on NETs since the discovery of NETs more than a decade ago, and summarized the composition of NETs, the effects of NETs on stroke, the intervention targets of NETs, and the effects of traditional Chinese medicine on NETs. NETs are an important cause of brain injury after stroke. Platelets, peptidylarginine deiminase 4, reactive oxygen species and histones are the targets to regulate NET formation in stroke. There are few researches on traditional Chinese medicine targeting NETs for stroke. Studies on the intervention of traditional Chinese medicine mainly target on neutrophils, which are the main components of NETs, and platelets, which induce the formation of NETs. The paper provided a comprehensive overview of current studies of NETs in ischemic stroke, so as to provide new ideas for the treatment and drug development of ischemic stroke.

Observation and analysis of 20 facial morphological characteristics of Xibo ethnicity adults in Chabchar in Xinjiang / 解剖学报

Objective To investigate the 20 facial morphological characteristics of Xibo ethnicity adults in Chabchar in Xinjiang, and to explore the causes of the features, so as to provide basic data for the basic study of minority anthropology. Methods A random sampling method was used to determine 677 Xibo ethnicity adults, and 20 facial morphologyical characteristics was measured and statistically analyzed. Results In terms of age groups, a total of 3 indicators which were opening height of eyeslits(

Biosynthetic pathways of Polygonatum cyrtonema polysaccharide and diosgenin based on its transcriptomic data / 中国中药杂志

Polygonatum cyrtonema belongs to the plant family Liliaceae, and its dried rhizome is one of the sources of Chinese traditional medicine of Polygonati Rhizoma. It possesses the dual function as both medicine and food. Its main chemical components are polysaccharides and saponins. In order to understand the biosynthesis pathway of polysaccharides and diosgenin in P. cyrtonema, the corresponding transcriptomic data were obtained by extracting and sequencing the RNA of four parts of P. cyrtonema, namely, leaves, stems, rhizomes and roots. By adopting BGISEQ-500 sequencing platform, 42.03 Gb data were retrieved. Subsequently, the de novo assembly was carried out by Trinity software to obtain 137 233 transcripts, of which 68.13% of unigenes were annotated in seven databases including KEGG, GO, NR, NT, SwissProt, Pfam and KOG. Transcripts that may be involved in the biosynthesis of polysaccharides and diosgenin were analyzed by data mining. With help of qPCR, we validated expression data of four genes that were possibly involved in the biosynthesis of target metabolites. This experiment provides data for the study of biosynthetic pathways of P. cyrtonema secondary metabolites and the clarification of related structural gene functions.

Naoxintong Inhibits LPS Induced BV2 Cell Pyroptosis by NLRP3/Caspase-1 Signaling Pathway / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective::To explore the effect of Naoxintong ethanol extract (NXT) on pyroptosis of BV2 microglia cells induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and to explain the mechanism of pyroptosis based on NOD like receptor thermoprotein domain 3 (NLRP3)/cysteine-proteinase-1 (Caspase-1) pathway. Method::BV2 cells was treated with different concentrations of NXT(2, 10, 50 mg·L-1) after induced by LPS(1 mg·L-1) in vitro. Real-time PCR was used to detect mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine such as interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and NLRP3.Western bolt and immunofluorescence were used to observe the protein expression of NLRP3/Caspase-1 signaling pathway. Result::Compared with control group, after LPS(1 mg·L-1) stimulation, BV2 cells viability was decreased. The mRNA expression levels of IL-1β, TNF-α and NLRP3 were significantly elevated(P<0.01), the protein levels of NLRP3 and Caspase-1 p20/Caspase-1 were also increased. After given NXT(2, 10, 50 mg·L-1), BV2 cells viability reversed which induced by LPS. Compared with LPS group, the mRNA expression of IL-1β, TNF-α and NLRP3 reduced obviously with given 50 mg·L-1NXT (P<0.05, P<0.01), significantly inhibited NLRP3 high protein expression and Caspase-1 p20/Caspase-1 expression(P<0.01). Conclusion::NXT can inhibit LPS induced pyroptosis of BV2 cells and the mechanism may closely related to NLRP3/Caspase-1 signaling pathway.

Advance in Roles of Notch and Wnt Pathways for Neural Stem Cells after Cerebral Ischemia (review) / 中国康复理论与实践

Neural stem cells (NSCs) play a key role in repair of neurological dysfunction after cerebral ischemia. Notch pathway widely exists in animal cells and is a classical signaling pathway regulating the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs. Wnt pathway is involved in cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, and plays an important role in proliferation of NSCs in brain tissue after injury. The recent studies found that the two pathways form a signaling network to regulate proliferation and differentiation of NSCs.

Preparation of fusion protein of PD-L1 single-chain antibody and verification of its antitumor activity / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective: Using yeast surface presentation technology, secreted anti-PD-L1 single-chain antibody fragment ( sc Fv), then purify the sc Fv that specifically binds PD-L1 antigen. The sc Fv antibody gene sequence was synthesized based on the single chain antibody gene sequence. We express this sc Fv-mFc protein by using p Fuse eukaryotic expression vector to study its affinity and in vitro and in vivo inhibition of lung adenocarcinoma cells ( A549). Methods: Recombinant plasmid p Fuse-scFv was constructed by gene engineering. The recombinant plasmid p Fuse-scFv was transfected into 293 F ( human embryonic kidney cells) and cultured in serum-free Pro293 a-CDM for 72 hours, then the fusion protein was collected, and use the Rapid Protein Liquid Phase Separation and Purification System to purify the sc Fv-mFc fusion protein. Then the fusion protein and the tumor cells were detected by immunohistochemistry; the affinity of fusion protein and tumor cells was analyzed by flow cytometry; ADCC was used to determine the proliferation of tumor cells in vitro. The nude mice inoculated with lung adenocarcinoma cells, and use the fusion protein to verify its anti-tumor effect in vivo. Results: sc Fv-mFc fusion protein was secreted into serum-free culture medium by recombinant plasmid transfection into the 293 F cells; immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry showed that the fusion protein was highly expressed with the surface of PD-L1 protein;ADCC showed that the fusion protein inhibited the proliferation of tumor cells in vitro; the results of tumor-bearing mice showed that the fusion protein inhibited the growth of the tumor. At the dose of 5 mg/kg, The tumor volume growth rate decreased from 14. 90％ to3. 72％, the two independent samples t test P＜0. 05, the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: The fusion protein containing single chain antibody was successfully prepared, which had good binding ability to A549 cells and inhibited the proliferation of tumor cells in vitro and in vivo, and provided the laboratory basis for the development of targeted anti-tumor drugs.

Application situation, existing problems, and improvement ideas of sharps containers / 中国感染控制杂志

Sharp injury is a common occupational injury occurs in hospital, it is also an important way for health care workers to be infected with blood-borne pathogens, standardized use of sharps containers can effectively prevent the occurrence of sharp injury.Sharps containers are widely used in China, but the specifications are limited and the products are single, there is still room for improving safety performance.In view of the problems existing in clinical use, Chinese scholars have made a lot of improvements on sharps containers.The author suggests that relevant units should consider the design concept of clinic to develop and popularize more reasonable safe sharps containers for clinical application, and take other comprehensive behavioral control measures, so as to effectively reduce the occurrence of sharp injury.

A Single-center Retrospective Cohort Study on Cesarean Section under General Anesthesia / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

Objective Neuraxial block is the most common anesthesia method for cesarean section (CS). However, for some urgent and high-risk cesarean delivery, general anesthesia (GA) also plays a very important role. We aimed to find out the reasons of choosing GA for CS in our center and the factors that may be related to the maternal and fetal outcomes. Methods We retrospectively selected parturients who had CS procedures under GA in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2016. Clinical data (baseline maternal status, preoperative status, perioperative information, maternal and fetal outcomes) of parturients and neonates were collected and analyzed. We summarized the common reasons for applying general anesthesia, and compared the back-to-ICU ratio and hospital stay time between parturients with different maternal American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade, gestational weeks and intraoperative blood loss, as well as the fetal one-minute Apgar score between different maternal ASA grade and gestational weeks. Results There were 98 cases of CS under GA enrolled in the study. Among the maternal and fetal factors, pregnancy with internal or surgical diseases is the most common reason (59 cases, 60.2%) for choosing GA, followed by the placenta and fetal membrane abnormalities (38 cases, 38.8%) and the pregnancy-specific disorders (36 cases, 36.7%). ASA grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ of parturients (χ 2=44.3, P<0.05), gestation period < 37 weeks (χ 2=23.4, P<0.05), and blood loss > 800 ml (χ 2=5.5, P<0.05) were related to the higher postoperative intensive care unit (ICU) rate in parturients. ASA grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ of parturients (t=-2.99, P<0.05), gestation period < 37 weeks (t=2.47, P<0.05) were related to the longer hospital stay. ASA grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ of parturients (t=2.21, P=0.01) and gestation period < 37 weeks (t=-3.21, P=0.002) were related to the lower one-minute Apgar score of neonates. Conclusion Pregnancy with internal or surgical diseases is the most common reason for choosing GA for CS. High ASA grade and short gestation period were the related factors of high postoperative ICU ratio for parturients and low one-minute Apgar score for neonates.

Application of high intensity focused ultrasound in the treatment of adenomyosis / 中国实用妇科与产科杂志

Adenomyosis(AM)is a common benign uterine disease that seriously affects the life quality of women.Because of the unclear or diffuse distribution of AM lesions,the treatment of uterine preservation is often ineffective.High intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU),as a new non-invasive treatment technology,is currently widely used in AM treatment.This paper will review the application of HIFU in AM,so as to provide certain clinical reference for the treatment of AM.

The prevent miscarriage effects of Yun Kang oral liquid on threatened abortion rat induced by kidney deficiency and luteum inhibition / 中国应用生理学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#Yun Kang oral liquid is a listed proprietary Chinese Medicine. To further evaluate its efficacy, this experiment established a kidney deficiency and luteum inhibition threatened abortion rat model to observe the effects of Yun Kang oral liquid.@*METHODS@#Sixty pregnant rats were randomly divided into normal control group (NC), model group (MG), dydrogesterone group (DT, 3.02 mg/kg), and Yun Kang oral liquid low-dose group (YK-L, 4 ml/kg), medium dose group (YK-M, 6 ml/kg), high dose group (YK-H, 9 ml/kg), 10 in each group. On the first day of pregnancy, each administration group was treated with the test drug at the prescribed dose every morning, and the NC group and the MG group were given an equal volume of purified water for 10 days; the rats were intragastrically administrated every afternoon, except for the NC group. In addition, the other groups were intragastrically administered with hydroxyurea at a dose of 450 mg/kg for 9 days, and mifepristone was administered at a dose of 4.0 mg/kg on the 10th day. On the 9th day of pregnancy, behavioral signs such as back temperature, grasping force, pain threshold, and autonomic activity were measured in each group. On the 11th day of pregnancy, blood was collected from the abdominal aorta in each group to determine serum levels of estradiol (E) , progesterone (P) and thromboxane B (TXB) . Ovary and fetal uterus were removed, the number and diameter of embryos were observed, and the ovary and uterus indexes were calculated.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the NC group, the back temperature, grip, pain threshold, number of spontaneous activities, number of embryos, embryo diameter, uterus index and serum E, P, TXB levels in the MG group were decreased significantly (P＜0.05, 0.01). Compared with the MG group, the back temperature, grasping force, number of embryos, embryo diameter and serum E and P levels were increased significantly in each dose group (P＜0.05, 0.01); the pain threshold, autonomic activity, and uterus index of YK-M and YK-H group were increased significantly (P＜0.05); serum level of TXB in YK-H group were increased significantly (P＜0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Yun Kang oral liquid has a clear kidney-filling effect on rats with threatened abortion caused by kidney deficiency-luteal suppression. The mechanism may be related to raising serum E, P, TXB levels, improving kidney deficiency and improving embryo quality.

Treatment of central nervous system leukemia with CD19-chimeric antigen receptor T-cell immunotherapy: two cases report and literature review / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: To explore the efficacy and safety of chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells in the treatment of central nervous system leukemia (CNSL). Methods: Two leukemia patients with CNSL were treated with CD19-CAR-T cells. The process and results of the entire treatment is reported and related literature review is conducted. Results: The patients were diagnosed as acute myeloid leukemia (AML)-M(2) with B lymphoid antigen expression and B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia(B-ALL) by morphology and immunophenotype assay. The immunophenotype was consistent with the abnormal manifestations of AML-M(2) and B-ALL. Their clinical manifestations and laboratory tests met the diagnostic criteria of CNSL. The diagnosis was clear and the two patients were treated with CD19-CAR-T cell immunotherapy. Central nervous system symptoms were relieved. The imaging abnormalities of patient one has disappeared but cytokines release syndrome (CRS) occurred during the treatment. Cerebrospinal fluid of patient two was negative and no obvious CRS reaction was found. Conclusions: CAR-T cell immunotherapy is likely to induce the remission of CNSL and improve the prognosis.