A 12-Week Rehabilitation Protocol for the Management of Chronic Extensor Hallucis Longus Rupture Repaired with an Autograft of the Semitendinosus Tendon / 이화의대지

Traumatic rupture of the extensor hallucis longus (EHL) is an uncommon finding in an outpatient setting. Surgical repair is typically necessary, particularly in chronic conditions that have persisted for six weeks or more. While several studies have reported EHL repair using autograft tendons, rehabilitation regimes vary, and standardized protocols have not yet been established. This case report presents with an inability to extend her left great toe. She underwent tendon reconstruction with an autograft semitendinosus tendon. At an 8-week follow-up, the patient reported greatly improved outcomes on the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, Foot and Ankle Ability Measure, Foot and Ankle Disability Index questionnaire. Full recovery was achieved 12 weeks after surgery. The use of autograft semitendinosus tendon repair for chronic EHL tendon rupture, in conjunction with rehabilitation program, can be expected to yield favorable results.

Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in exclusively breastfed infants at a tertiary healthcare facility in Nairobi, Kenya

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) in exclusively breastfed infants at the Aga Khan University Hospital Nairobi, Kenya (AKUHN). The relationships between 25-hydroxyvitamin D; 25OHD, parathyroid hormone (PTH), maternal vitamin D supplementation, and sunlight exposure were also determined. Subjects and methods: Blood from 98 infants was assayed for 25OHD, calcium, phosphate, and PTH. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential analysis (p < 0.05). Results: The prevalence of VDD (25OHD <12 ng/mL), vitamin D insufficiency (VDI, 25OHD 12-20 ng/mL) and vitamin D sufficiency (VDS, 25OHD >20 ng/mL) was 11.2% (95% CI 8.0%-14.4%), 12.2% (95% CI 8.9%-15.5%), and 76.5% (95% CI 72.3%-80.8%) respectively. There was no difference in the mean age, head circumference, length, or weight of infants in VDD, VDI, and VDS groups. PTH was elevated when 25OHD was <12 ng/mL and normal when 25OHD was between 12-20 ng/mL. 25OHD and PTH were normal in infants whose mothers received vitamin D supplements. Infants who received <30 minutes/day of exposure to sunlight were 5 times more likely to have VDI than infants who received ≥30 minutes/day (p = 0.042). Conclusions: The prevalence of VDD in exclusively breastfed infants at AKUHN is low. The current national policy that recommends exclusive breastfeeding of infants in the first 6 months of life appears to be effective in staving off vitamin D deficiency but those infants with < 30 minutes sunlight exposure may benefit from low dose supplemental vitamin D during times of low sunlight exposure.

The legislative and regulatory framework governing herbal medicine use and practice in Kenya: a review

Complementary and alternative medicine is an integral component of primary healthcare in Kenya. This is because the infrastructural health setup in the country is inadequate in catering for all the medical needs of the population. This particularly holds true in the rural areas where many rural folk rely on products of herbal origin to offset their healthcare needs. More often than not these products are an elaborate cacophony of several different substances of biological origin and thus need personnel adept in their preparation. Sadly, due to loopholes in legislation and regulation, quacks have a field day in the practice. Moreover, the process of planting, harvesting, preparation and storage of herbs and related products dictates that a significant number of people will ultimately be involved in the whole process. This is likely to set the stage for manipulation and compromise of the safety, quality and efficacy of these products. This state of affairs appears unabated especially in the context of the current legal and regulatory framework governing herbal medicine use and practice in Kenya. Not only are these laws inadequate, they are shrouded in ambiguity, open to interpretation and the authorities mandated to implement them often end up performing duplicate roles. The aim of this review is to critique the legal and regulatory provisions governing herbal medicine use and practice in Kenya. In conclusion, laws and regulations meant to control herbal medicine use and practice in Kenya are wanting. Clear and definitive legislation on herbal medicine use and practice coupled with effective implementation by mandated institutions will go a long way in inspiring confidence to all stakeholders of herbal medicine

The legislative and regulatory framework governing herbal medicine use and practice in Kenya: a review

Complementary and alternative medicine is an integral component of primary healthcare in Kenya. This is because the infrastructural health setup in the country is inadequate in catering for all the medical needs of the population. This particularly holds true in the rural areas where many rural folk rely on products of herbal origin to offset their healthcare needs. More often than not these products are an elaborate cacophony of several different substances of biological origin and thus need personnel adept in their preparation. Sadly, due to loopholes in legislation and regulation, quacks have a field day in the practice. Moreover, the process of planting, harvesting, preparation and storage of herbs and related products dictates that a significant number of people will ultimately be involved in the whole process. This is likely to set the stage for manipulation and compromise of the safety, quality and efficacy of these products. This state of affairs appears unabated especially in the context of the current legal and regulatory framework governing herbal medicine use and practice in Kenya. Not only are these laws inadequate, they are shrouded in ambiguity, open to interpretation and the authorities mandated to implement them often end up performing duplicate roles. The aim of this review is to critique the legal and regulatory provisions governing herbal medicine use and practice in Kenya. In conclusion, laws and regulations meant to control herbal medicine use and practice in Kenya are wanting. Clear and definitive legislation on herbal medicine use and practice coupled with effective implementation by mandated institutions will go a long way in inspiring confidence to all stakeholders of herbal medicine

Calidad de vida en pacientes bajo hemodiálisis en un hospital público de Puebla, México / Quality of life in patients on hemodialysis in a public hospital of Puebla, Mexico

Fundamento: la evaluación de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud, ha adquirido cada vez más importancia en la práctica de la medicina como indicador reflejo de la calidad de los diferentes tratamientos y sus resultados. En pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica terminal, la hemodiálisis como terapia de reemplazo renal mejora la sobrevida, pero no lo que la persona considera como calidad de vida. Objetivo: establecer el nivel de calidad de vida en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica bajo hemodiálisis y el área (salud física, psicológica, relaciones sociales, ambiente) en la que presenta niveles bajos. Métodos: se utilizó un diseño no experimental, transversal, descriptivo. Se realizó un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia, que incluyó a 67 pacientes con enfermedad crónica terminal, inscritos en la unidad de hemodiálisis de un hospital público de la ciudad de Puebla. Se les aplicó el instrumento Whoqol-bref, para luego ordenar la información en Excel, se recurrió al programa SPSS para realizar pruebas estadísticas. Resultados: la calidad de vida de los pacientes bajo tratamiento de reemplazo renal con hemodiálisis tuvo una calidad baja (23, 88 %) y media (76, 12 %). El dominio menos afectado es el psicológico con 67, 01 puntos y el mayor es el físico con 60, 76. El dominio relacionado con la calidad de vida fue las relaciones sociales (p=0.000). Conclusiones: los pacientes en hemodiálisis presentan una calidad de vida media-baja y el área más afectada es la física, pero existe mayor correlación con las relaciones sociales, a mejor relación social mejor calidad de vida percibe el paciente.

Introduction: the evaluation of the quality of life related to health has assumed importance in the practice of medicine, as an indicator of the different treatments’ qualities and their results. In patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease, hemodialysis as a kidney replacement therapy improves survival, but not necessarily what the person thinks about quality of life. Objective: to establish the level of quality of life in patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis and the area (physical, psychological health, social relations, the environment) in which low levels are presented. Methods: a non-experimental, transversal, and descriptive design was used. A non-probabilistic sample of convenience was carried out. The study was composed of 67 patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease, admitted in a hemodialysis unit of a public hospital in Puebla. Whogol-bref instrument was applied to them. Information was ordered in Excel and SPSS program was used to do statistical tests. Results: patients with kidney replacement treatment on hemodialysis had a low quality of life 23, 88 % and a medium 76, 12 %. The less affected domain was the psychological with 67, 01 points and the most affected one was the physical with 60, 76 %. The domain strongly related to quality of life was social relations (p=0, 000). Conclusion: patients on hemodialysis have a middle-low quality of life and the most affected area is physical. However, there is more correlation with social relations. The better social relation is, the better quality of life the patient gains.

Clinical Factors Associated with the Non-Operative Airway Management of Patients with Robin Sequence

BACKGROUND: The indications for surgical airway management in patients with Robin sequence (RS) and severe airway obstruction have not been well defined. While certain patients with RS clearly require surgical airway intervention and other patients just as clearly can be managed with conservative measures alone, a significant proportion of patients with RS present with a more confusing and ambiguous clinical course. The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical features and objective findings of patients with RS whose airways were successfully managed without surgical intervention. METHODS: The authors retrospectively reviewed the medical charts of infants with RS evaluated for potential surgical airway management between 1994 and 2014. Patients who were successfully managed without surgical intervention were included. Patient demographics, nutritional and respiratory status, laboratory values, and polysomnography (PSG) findings were recorded. RESULTS: Thirty-two infants met the inclusion criteria. The average hospital stay was 16.8 days (range, 5–70 days). Oxygen desaturation (<70% by pulse oximetry) occurred in the majority of patients and was managed with temporary oxygen supplementation by nasal cannula (59%) or endotracheal intubation (31%). Seventy-five percent of patients required a temporary nasogastric tube for nutritional support, and a gastrostomy tube placed was placed in 9%. All patients continued to gain weight following the implementation of these conservative measures. PSG data (n=26) demonstrated mild to moderate obstruction, a mean apneahypopnea index (AHI) of 19.2±5.3 events/hour, and an oxygen saturation level <90% during only 4% of the total sleep time. CONCLUSIONS: Nonsurgical airway management was successful in patients who demonstrated consistent weight gain and mild to moderate obstruction on PSG, with a mean AHI of <20 events/hour.

Prognosis of primary percutaneous coronary intervention in elderly patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction

To evaluate the prognosis of primary percutaneous coronary intervention [PPCI] and medical therapy [MT] in elderly patients presenting with ST-elevation myocardial infarction [STEMI]. A total of 238 STEMI patients aged above 80 and treated with PPCI [n = 186] and MT [n = 52] at Harefield Hospital, London were included in this study. Patients who did not have true STEMI based on non-diagnostic electrocardiogram [ECG] for STEMI and negative troponin, who presented with left bundle branch block [LBBB] and had normal coronaries were excluded from this study. Primary PCI was defined as any use of a guidewire for more than diagnostic purposes in patients with STEMI, whereas conventional MT was defined as treatment of patients with anti-platelets and anti-thrombotic medications without thrombolysis. The survival rate of PPCI patients was 86% [n = 160] at month 1 followed by 83.9% [n = 156] at month 6, and 81.2% [n = 151] at month 12. The survival rate of MT patients was 44.2% [n = 23] at month 1 followed by 36.5% [n = 19] at month 6, and 34.6% [n = 18] at month 12. Compared to MT, significantly fewer comorbidities were found in the PPCI group. Ventricular fibrillation [VF] [4.8%] and consequent admission to intensive care unit [7%] were the major complications of the PPCI group. PPCI has a higher survival rate and, compared to MT, fewer comorbidities were observed in the PPCI group of elderly patients presenting with STEMI

Herniación Cervical: Factor desencadenante inusual en el Síndrome de Brown-Sequard o de Hemisección medular / Cervical Herniation: an Unusual Trigger Brown-sequard Syndrome or Spinal cord Hemisection

The Brown-Sequard syndrome involves a hemisection of the spinal cord. Usually occurs as a result of penetrating trauma, with an incidence of 2-4% in traumatic injuries of the spinal cord, being more common in men. We report the case of a male patient, 40 years of age; attended the "University Hospital School," located in the city of Tegucigalpa, Honduras, for referring pain in the interscapular thoracic spine, mild episode that improves with the use of common analgesics. Four days before admission to the emergency area, the pain intensifies, becomes continuous, disabling, no improvement even with use of oral analgesics and even with intravenous medication. Brown Sequard syndrome is not diagnosed by a herniation, the rule states detect spinal trauma, but determining other etiologies have added clinical importance to avoid misdiagnosis.

Housing under the pyramid reduces susceptibility of hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons to prenatal stress in the developing rat offspring.

Mother-offspring interaction begins before birth. The foetus is particularly vulnerable to environmental insults and stress. The body responds by releasing excess of the stress hormone cortisol, which acts on glucocorticoid receptors. Hippocampus in the brain is rich in glucocorticoid receptors and therefore susceptible to stress. The stress effects are reduced when the animals are placed under a model wooden pyramid. The present study was to first explore the effects of prenatal restraint-stress on the plasma corticosterone levels and the dendritic arborisation of CA3 pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus of the offspring. Further, to test whether the pyramid environment would alter these effects, as housing under a pyramid is known to reduce the stress effects, pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were restrained for 9 h per day from gestation day 7 until parturition in a wire-mesh restrainer. Plasma corticosterone levels were found to be significantly increased. In addition, there was a significant reduction in the apical and the basal total dendritic branching points and intersections of the CA3 hippocampal pyramidal neurons. The results thus suggest that, housing in the pyramid dramatically reduces prenatal stress effects in rats.

A new labdane diterpene from the limpet Trimusculus peruvianus / Un nuevo diterpeno labdano aislado del molusco Trimusculus peruvianus

The family Trimusculidae produces labdane diterpenes, which differ in the degree and type of esterification with acetoxy and isovaleroyl ester predominantly. Here we describe the isolation from the marine pulmonate Trimusculus peruvianus, collected on intertidal rocks of Chilean coasts, of a new diterpene closely related to the above mentioned characteristics. It structure was determined by spectroscopic data. The compounds were subjected to toxicity tests using nauplii and cysts of Artemia salina. The known compounds isolated in this study have shown an ability to inhibit egg hatch of A. salina.

La familia Trimusculidae produce diterpenos tipo labdano, que difieren en el grado y tipo de esterificación con esteres acetato e isovalérico predominantemente. En este trabajo describimos el aislamiento de un nuevo diterpeno con las características ya mencionadas y de otros ya conocidos desde el molusco marino pulmonado Trimusculus peruvianus, recolectado en la zona intermareal del litoral chileno. Su estructura fue determinada a través de métodos espectroscopicos. Los compuestos fueron sometidos a ensayos de toxicidad y eclosión de los huevos de Artemia salina.

Differentiating Lymphovascular Invasion from Retraction Artifact on Histological Specimen of Breast Carcinoma and Their Implications on Prognosis / 한국유방암학회지

On a pathological specimen of breast cancer cells, retraction artifact during histological processing mimics true lymphovascular invasion (LVI). The accurate determination of the presence or absence of LVI is a factor in determining risk of having a positive sentinel node, or having additional positive axillary nodes after a positive sentinel node biopsy in women with early-stage breast cancer. The determination of nodal risk influences the decision of the treating physicians as to whether a sentinel node biopsy or completion axillary dissection is necessary. On slide preparation, ideal factors favoring true LVI include: a definite endothelial lining, with endothelial nuclei that seem to protrude into the lymphatic space; invasion in one lymphatic vessel (LV) lumen with nearby cancer glands that have minimal or no retraction; a tumor embolus in a LV clear lumen with outside nearby tumor bulk; a tumor embolus that is different in shape than its surrounding clear LV space; and a positive stain for fibrin, CD31, or CD34 on tumor embolus periphery.

Posesión, retención y uso de mosquiteros tratados con insecticidas de larga duración luego de un año de su distribución en Loreto, Perú / Long-lasting insecticide - treated bednet ownership, retention and usage one year after their distribution in Loreto, Peru

Objetivos. Evaluar la posesión, retención y uso de mosquiteros tratados con insecticida de larga duración (MTILD) luego de un año de su distribución en Loreto, Perú. Materiales y métodos. De julio a septiembre de 2007 se distribuyeron 26 185 MTILD Olyset Net® en 194 comunidades objetivo de Loreto, que protegieron a 45 331 personas. Posteriormente, se realizaron visitas de monitoreo (primera en diciembre de 2007 y segunda en julio de 2008) a los hogares de una muestra de 60 comunidades objetivo (30,9 por ciento del total), colectándose mediante un cuestionario semiestructurado los datos necesarios para el cálculo de indicadores de posesión, retención y uso de los MTILD. Resultados. En ambas visitas, la posesión de MTILD en hogares fue elevada (99,9 por ciento y 98,7 por ciento, respectivamente). La razón MTILD/persona disminuyó de 0,58 al momento de la distribución a 0,51 en la segunda visita, estimándose una retención al año de MTILD de 87 por ciento. En la primera visita, 99,0 por ciento de los niños <5 años y 96,0 por ciento de las embarazadas durmieron bajo un MTILD la noche anterior, mientras que en la segunda visita, 77,7 por ciento de los niños<5 años y 66,3 por ciento de las embarazadas durmieron bajo un MTILD la noche anterior. El tamaño de los agujeros de la trama de los MTILD tuvo una baja aceptabilidad por parte del a población durante la segunda visita (39,0 por ciento). Conclusiones. Si bien la posesión de MTILD en los hogares se ha mantenido elevada, su uso por la población beneficiada ha disminuido durante el año de seguimiento.

Objectives. To assess long-lasting insecticide - treated bednet (LLITN) ownership, retention and usage one year after their distribution in Loreto, Peru. Materials and methods. From July to September 2007, 26,185 LLITNs Olyset Net ® were delivered in 194 targeted communities in the Peruvian Amazon region, covering 45,331 people. Two cross-sectional community-based surveys in December 2007 and July 2008 were undertaken in a sample of 60 targeted communities (30.9 percent out of the total). A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect necessary data to calculate LLITN ownership, retention and usage indicators. Results. High LLITN household ownership was showed in both surveys (99.9 percent and 98.7 percent, respectively). LLITN/ person ratio decreased from 0.58 at the end of the LLITN delivery to 0.51 in the second survey, estimating LLITN retention of 87 percent after 1 year of intervention. In the first survey, 99.0 percent of all children <5 years and 96,0 percent of pregnant women slept under a LLITN the previous night, while in the second survey, 77.7 percent of children <5 years and 66.3 percent of pregnant women slept under a LLITN the previous night. Big mesh size of LLITN had low people´s acceptability, reaching only 39.0 percent in the second survey. Conclusions. Although universal LLITN household ownership remained high, their LLITN usage levels have decreased during one-year follow-up period.

Caracterización epidemiológica de las personas con discapacidad en Cuba / Epidemiological characterization of disabled persons in Cuba

Introducción La discapacidad es un tema complejo, de enorme repercusión social y económica y del que se tiene estimados inseguros. Objetivos Identificar y caracterizar a cada persona con discapacidad en Cuba. Métodos Investigación epidemiológica descriptiva, de tipo transversal, realizada en el período 2001-2003. El estudio interesó a toda la población cubana y dentro de ella a las personas con discapacidad. La pesquisa activa en la comunidad identificó a las personas registradas y a otras no registradas, con el auxilio de los gobiernos locales y de las organizaciones sociales. Una visita al hogar de la persona con discapacidad permitió aplicar una combinación de entrevistas y exámenes clínicos que facilitaron el proceso de clasificación y registro de estas personas. Se estimó una tasa de cobertura del estudio de 99,9 por ciento del total de personas con discapacidad en el territorio nacional. Resultados Se estudiaron 366 864 personas con discapacidad lo que produjo una tasa de prevalencia de 3,26 por cada 100 habitantes. Guantánamo con 4,13 fue la provincia con la tasa más elevada y Ciudad de La Habana con 2,13, la de más baja tasa. La mayor tasa de discapacidad se encontró en el grupo de 60 y más años y en el sexo masculino. La discapacidad intelectual ocupó el primer lugar en frecuencia, seguida de la discapacidad físico-motora. Conclusiones El número de personas con discapacidad en Cuba identificadas con los métodos empleados casi triplicó al universo inicial de discapacitados registrados, por lo que había una subestimación de la prevalencia real del problema. Las tasas de prevalencia de discapacidad y su distribución según características de las personas y provincias en Cuba siguen patrones similares a las descritas en otras publicaciones

Introduction Disability is a complex topic, with great social and economic impact and inaccurate estimates. Objectives Identify and characterize every disabled person in Cuba. Methods Cross-sectional descriptive epidemiological research study carried out from 2001 to 2003. The study covered the whole Cuban population, particularly the disabled persons. The community-wide active screening detected registered and non-registered persons with some disability, thanks to the support of local governments and social organizations. Home visits paid to disabled persons allowed combining interviews and clinical exams to facilitate the process of classification and registration of these people. The coverage rate of the study was estimated at 99,9 percent of the total number of disabled persons throughout the country. Results The study analyzed 366 864 people with disabilities, which led to a prevalence rate of 3,26 per 100 inhabitants. Guantanamo province reached 4,13, being the province with the highest rate whereas Ciudad de La Habana exhibited the lowest rate (2,13). The highest rate of disability was found in the 60 and over years-old group and in males. Intellectual disability was prevailing in terms of frequency, followed by physical-motor disability. Conclusions The number of individuals with some disability detected in Cuba was almost three times the initial universe of registered disabled, so the real prevalence of the problem had been underestimated. The disability prevalence rates and their distribution according to the characteristics of individuals and provinces in Cuba have patterns similar to those described in other publications

Principles and application of educational counseling used in progressive audiologic tinnitus management.

Exposure to loud sounds is a common cause and exacerbater of tinnitus - a troubling auditory symptom that affects millions of people worldwide. Clinical research at the National Center for Rehabilitative Auditory Research has resulted in a clinical model of tinnitus management referred to as Progressive Audiologic Tinnitus Management (PATM). The model involves five hierarchical levels of management: Triage, Audiologic Evaluation, Group Education, Tinnitus Evaluation, and Individualized Management. Counseling by audiologists and, as needed, mental health providers, is a key component of PATM. This style of counseling focuses less on didactic informational counseling; instead, counseling is used for facilitating patients' learning to adjust to the disturbing auditory symptom by successfully employing tools from two powerful skillsets for self-management of chronic tinnitus - the therapeutic uses of sound and techniques from cognitive-behavioral psychology. This article provides an overview of the methods of counseling used with PATM and provides details concerning the overarching principles of collaborative adult learning that are believed to be most important in facilitating self-management by patients who complain of tinnitus.

La cultura política de la democracia en Bolivia: 2000 / The political culture of democracy in Bolivia: 2000

Este informe presenta los resultados del segundo estudio nacional acerca de la cultura democrática en Bolivia. En total, a través de este estudio se llevarón a cabo y se analizaron 7.382 entrevistas, probablemente el estudio más amplio de la política nunca antes realizado en BOlivia. El primer informe se elaboró con base de datos de una muestra probabilística nacional de 1998. Los resultados se dieron a conocer tanto en inglés como en español y tuvieron amplia difusión y divulgación entre el público boliviano a través de la publicación de 1999, La cultura política de la democracia boliviana, publicado por Encuestas&Estudios, como parte de la serie "Así piensan los bolivianos", No.60. El presente informe es un seguimiento a dicho estudio y a la vez que hace comparaciones entre los datos de 1998 y el estudio realizado en el año 2000, tambien presenta nuevos temas de análisis

Patrón de marcha en el adulto mayor saludable

Tiene como objetivo descrbiri el patrón de marcha del adulto mayor saludable, en forma comparativa con el patrón de marcha del adulto joven. Se realizo la evaluación de marcha a 60 personas, divididas en dos grupos, el primer grupo formado por 30 adultos mayores saludables. La evaluación se realizo en una pista especialmente diseñada para el registro de huellas plantares y complementada con una filmación simúltanea en video. En los adultos mayores la longitud del paso es menor y muestra mayor variabilidad. La velocidad y la frecuencia de los pasos también se encuentran disminuidas. El envejecimiento fisiológico produce cambios en las características de la marcha del adulto mayor, por lo tanto para evaluarla es necesario tener en cuenta los parámetros especificos para cada grupo etáreo.

Conduta inusitada na hemorragia severa por rotura de gravidez abdominal / Unaccustomed conduct in severe hemorrhage by rupture of the abdominal pregnancy

Os autores tecem consideraçöes sobre casos publicados na literatura estrangeira e nacional de achados de gravidez abdominal, para, em seguida, relatarem um estranho encontro de rotura de gravidez abdominal avançada com feto vivo, com hemorragia severa dificultando a identificaçåo das aderências placentárias de grandes proporçöes. Descrevem, ainda, a execuçåo da laparotomia, ressaltando a hemorragia profusa que levou o paciente ao choque hipovolêmico, e informam que, face ás dificuldades para o estancamento da hemorragia crescente, utilizam, como recurso extermo, chuleio nas superfícies sangrantes, prendendo osvasos placentários e suturam quatro compressas, unidas entre si, ás superfícies cruentas. Por fim, comunicam que, decorridos 90 dias do ato cirúrgico, a paciente encontra-se em período de absorçåo da placenta, sob controles clínico e ultra-sonográfico, sem hipertemia