Synthesis, acute toxicity, analgesic activity and cytotoxicity of Some bisthiourea derivatives

Bisthiourea derivatives were synthesized by the reaction of benzoylisothiocyanate and diamines to give 1,2-Bis [N'-benzoylthioureidobenzene [1], l,3-di[benzoylthioureido] benzene [2] and l,4-di [benzoylthioureido] benzene [3] in acetone. Acute toxicity study revealed that LD[50] of compound [1] and [3] is 120 mg/kg body weight. Visceral pain induced by injecting i.p acetic acid in mice were strongly inhibited by all the compounds. 94.65, 95.25 and 85.54% analgesic activity were observed in compounds [1], [2] and [3] at 15 mg/kg and [2] and [3] shows 97.63 and 96.42% at 30 mg/kg body weight respectively while [1] gives 100% analgesic activity. 100% cytotoxicity was observed in compounds [2] and [3] and 96% in compound [1] at 750 ppm. The results suggest that these compounds may have potential values for treatment of cancer and painful disorders

Prophylaxis of DVT with enoxaparin in patients undergoing total knee replacement

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the low molecular weight heparin as prophylaxis against thromboembolism following total knee replacement surgery. Post-operative bilateral lower extremity colour duplex scan was performed on 55 patients subjected to total knew arthroplasty. The scan was performed 7 days after surgery for detection of DVT. All patients were given Enoxaparin 40mg subcutaneous daily for 2 weeks as prophylaxis against DVT. Two patients were diagnosed as DVT by color duplex scanning and both were distal but only one was asymptomatic. Another patient developed pulmonary embolism and died subsequently. The major and minor wound problems were seen in two and six patients respectively; nearly all complications were seen in obese patients. DVT is not a nonexistent entity in our population. Low molecular weight heparins are safe drugs but apparently the bleeding complications are more as compared to Western literature. Larger case control studies are required to determine the true efficacy and safety of LMWH

12 years audit of upper gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures

Evaluation of upper gastrointestinal [GI] endoscopy in terms of indications, diagnostic efficacy, and diseases diagnosed. Design: Retrospective, observational case series. Place and Duration of Study: DHQ Teaching Hospital, Rawalpindi, from March 1990 to December 2001. Subjects and Patients who underwent upper GI endoscopy in 12 years were included. Upper GI endoscopies were performed according to standard protocol. Endoscopic diagnoses were based on widely accepted criteria. Of the 8481 patients, 4935 [58.2%] were female and 3546 [41.8%] male. Mean patient age was 40.5 years. Dyspepsia [42.6%], upper GI bleed [32.8%], and evaluation of chronic liver disease [10.2%] were common indications of the procedure. An endoscopic diagnosis was possible in 82.6% patients. Varices, gastritis, duodenitis, and combined lesions were common endoscopic diagnosis. Gastritis and duodenitis were most frequent causes of upper GI bleed. We noted more gastric ulcers compared to duodenal ulcers. Females had significantly more normal endoscopies, p-value= 0.02. Upper GI endoscopy is an effective procedure. Dyspepsia evaluation is commonest indication for upper GI endoscopy in our patients. Etiology of upper GI bleed, and incidence of duodenal ulcer compared to gastric ulcer in our patients are different than described in literature. Females have significantly more normal endoscopies

Retrospective study of 10-cases of peripartum cardiomyopathy

In order to characterize the features of peripartum cardiomyopathy, clinical, electro-cardiographic and echo cardiographic data obtained from ten patients [mean age 36.7 years +/- 7,2] who fulfilled peripartum cardiomyopathy diagnostic criteria were analysed [1]. All were multiparous. Eight [80%] developed heart failure 6.1 weeks +/- 2.2 after delivery and two [20%] in last trimester. Six [60%] patient were in NYIIA functional class III and two [20%] in class IV. Cardiothoracic ratio was increased in all patients on chest X-Ray. Two dimensional echocardiography showed increased internal diameter of left ventricle with poor systolic function in all patients

Cementless total HIP arthroplasty: biological fixation by bony ingrowth

Eighty three patients who underwent the Harris Galante porous hip prosthetic replacement have been evaluated at an average follow-up of 3.5 years with a range of 2-5 years. In the femoral component, fixation by bony ingrowth occurred in 95% of the cases in which a press fit of the stem was achieved at the isthmus, but in only 70% of those without a pressfit. An interference fit and rigidly fixed acetabular component results in bony ingrowth type of fixation in all cases. Bony ingrowth fixation of components correlated to excellent or good results clinically. Fixation by stable fibrous tissue gave satisfactory results but mild pain and limp was commonly noted. The preoperative Harris score averaged 43.5 [range 20-65] and postoperative score averaged 87.5 [range 55-100]. There was no superficial or deep infection, dislocation or pulmonary embolism in this series. Two patients with unsatisfactory function due to painful and unstable femoral components were considered as failures and are candidates for revision surgery

Diabetic foot: a study of 30 cases

Thirty patients of Diabetes Mellitus, who had associated "feet problems; were studied to find out the relative incidence and nature of different "Diabetic Foot Complications.' Ulceration of feet was the commonest finding [33%], followed by minor foot infections [19.6%], osteomyelitis of feet bones [10%] and advanced gangrene of foot [10%]; three patients [10% needed amputation due to life-threatening, advanced gangrene

Congestive Cardiomyopathy: a study of 10 cases

A Retrospective study of ten patients of dilated cardiomyopathy, admitted during 1987 and 1988, is presented. Five patients were males, and five females [M:F Ratio=1]. The mean age for males was 39 years, and for females 32.4 years. Only two patients were smokers and none of them was diabetic. It is suggested that Cardiomyopathy is an important causes of congestive cardiac failure, relatively more in younger patients. it is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality