The effect of ginger and metoclopramide in the prevention of nausea and vomiting during and after surgery in cesarean section under spinal anesthesia

OBJECTIVE: Postoperative nausea and vomiting is one of the most common side effects after anesthesia in surgeries, such as cesarean section. This study aimed to investigate the effect of ginger and metoclopramide in the prevention of nausea and vomiting during and after cesarean section.METHODS: This clinical trial was conducted on 180 patients aged 18–40 years who underwent cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. The first group received 10 mg of metoclopramide via intravenous injection (metoclopramide group), and the second group received 1 g of oral ginger (ginger group) half an hour before spinal anesthesia. The frequency and severity of nausea and vomiting during surgery and at 2, 6, 12, and 24 hours postoperatively were compared in both groups. To analyze the results, the t-test, chi-square test, and Mann-Whitney test were used.RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the frequency of nausea and vomiting between the 2 groups during operation, 2 hours and 6 hours after surgery (P=0.182, 0.444 and 0.563 respectively). The severity of nausea and vomiting was also similar in the 2 groups (P=0.487 and 0.652 respectively); however, the metoclopramide group had a lower systolic blood pressure (P<0.001; df=2.176; f=18.66) and mean arterial pressure (P<0.001; df=2.176; f=6.36) than the ginger group.CONCLUSION: The results revealed that ginger reduced nausea and vomiting to the same extent as metoclopramide in patients undergoing cesarean section.TRIAL REGISTRATION: Iranian Center for Clinical Trials Identifier: IRCT201611028611N3

Comparison of the effect of vitamin E, vitamin D and ginger on the severity of primary dysmenorrhea: a single-blind clinical trial

OBJECTIVE: Dysmenorrhea is one of the most common problems for women, especially during their reproductive age. Various studies have examined the effects of vitamins D and E and ginger supplements. This study aimed to investigate the individual effects of each of these supplements on dysmenorrhea. METHODS: This single-blind clinical trial was conducted in 2016 on students aged 18 to 25 years who complained of mild to severe dysmenorrhea. The participants were randomly assigned into 4 groups: vitamin D, vitamin E, ginger, and placebo. The effects of the supplements on the severity of dysmenorrhea were evaluated in 2 successive cycles using the visual analog scale (VAS) and a questionnaire. RESULTS: Initially, 240 female students were enrolled in the study; thereafter, 40 students were excluded from the study owing to follow-up loss. The average VAS score for dysmenorrhea in the entire study population was 7.13±0.80 before the intervention; the mean VAS score after the first and second months of supplement use was 5.37±1.51 and 4.93±1.48, respectively. The highest reduction in pain severity was observed in the ginger group (F=74.54, P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Vitamin D, vitamin E, and ginger significantly reduced the severity of dysmenorrhea, with ginger having the most significant effect followed by vitamin D and vitamin E. Given the low risk of these supplements, more studies must be conducted on their use as opposed to analgesics.

[Effect of tai chi chuan on quality of life in women with multiple sclerosis]

Multiple Sclerosis [MS] is a chronic disease of central neurologic system that has a wide effect on neurological function; and can cause disability or poor quality of life in patients. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of the Tai Chi Chuan on quality of life in women with the MS. This was a clinical trial which covered 34 women with MS in Iran Multiple Sclerosis Society in 2012. The participants were selected using purposive sampling and were randomly assigned to the experiment [n=16] and control [n=18] groups. Intervention was Tai Chi Chuan classes twice a week for 12 weeks. In this study, demographic questionnaire and Multiple Sclerosis quality of life questionnaire [MSQOL-54 scale] were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using the Chi-squared, independent samples T-test, paired samples T-test, Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon in the SPSS v.18. There were no significant differences between the mean quality of life and its subscales among patients in the experiment and control groups at baseline except for the emotional well-being subscale. After the Tai Chi training intervention, significant differences were found between the two groups in the mean of some subscales of the quality of life including role limitation due to emotional problems, pain, emotional well-being, energy, social function, health distress, overall quality of life, physical health composite score, mental health composite score and also total quality of life score [P<0.05]. The results suggested that Tai Chi Chuan could be an alternative exercise intervention to increase quality of life in patient with the MS

Emotional intelligence and occupational stress among rehabilitation staffs working in Tehran's training hospitals

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between emotional intelligence and occupational stress among rehabilitation staffs in Tehran's training hospitals. A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 169 staff members selected from a total of 300 rehabilitation staffs working in Tehran's training hospitals, recruited by random cluster sampling. Two questionnaires were used: The emotional intelligence questionnaire designed by Petrides and Furnham and HSE occupational stress questionnaire. Data obtained from this study were analyzed using Pearson's correlation and multiple regression tests. An inverse significant relationship existed between occupational stress and emotional intelligence [P<0.001, r=-0.33]. There are, also, significant relationships between subscales of emotional intelligence including self-awareness [P=0.031, r=-0.18], social skills [P<0.001, r=-0.302], empathy [P=0.006, r=-0.238] and occupational stress. The results of multiple regressions indicated that the two subscales of 'understanding other's emotions' and 'social skills' can be used for predicting occupational stress. This study confirmed the relationship between emotional intelligence and occupational stress. Promotion of emotional intelligence through implementing training courses may lower rehabilitation staffs occupational stress or prevent it

[Effect of stress management on job stress and work-family conflict among nurses]

Stress is a main problem among nurses which affects their professional performance and personal life resulting in conflict between work and life. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of stress management on work-family conflicts. In a quasi-experimental two-group study, 64 medical nurses were selected randomly to the study from Shahid lavasani hospital in Tehran. Data were gathered using a questionnaire including demographic characteristics, work-family conflict items, and nursing stress scale. Then, the experimental group participated in a 2- day stress management course. The questionnaire was completed by the participants one month later. Data were analyzed in the SPSS v.18. The mean work-family conflict score was 3.97 in the experimental group at baseline. It declined after the intervention to 3.357 [P<0.001]. There was statistically significant difference between the two groups on work-family conflict after the intervention [P=0.007]. There was a significant decrease in the job stress from baseline [46.52] to the post-intervention measurement [35.61] in the experimental group [P<0.001]. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in the mean of job stress after the intervention [P=0.014]. Stress management education declined work-family conflict and job stress among nurses. This education should be used in nursing clinical and educational training programs

[ effect of exercise in elderly women's quality of life]

Disability in the elderly period is result of different factors which inactivity and incorrect use of muscle are the most trigger. Applying of activity programs can improve elderly women's quality of life. This study investigates the effect of exercise on elderly women quality of life in jahandidegan club foundation in 2007. This study is a quasi - experimental research that was carried out in jahandidegan club foundation for elderly women, in 2007. Population of this study was 400 elderly women which of this numbers 232 elderly women aged 60 - 79 years were allocated to two groups of experimental [n=116] and control [n =116] with randomized permuted block. Instrument for data collection was client demographic characteristics and leipad questionnaire. The client in experimental group received 30 minutes of exercise for 24 consecutive days during 6-7 mornings. Quality of life measured in both groups before and after intervention. Data were analyzed by use of chi - esquare, independent statistical test [T test], kolmogorov - smornov test, Mann Whitney test, pair t-test, wilcoxon and covariance analysis. Mean of quality of life before of exercise in experimental group was 70/60 and control group was 70/99. After exercise mean of quality of life in experimental group was 75/80 and control group was 70/64. Different between two group was significant in 95% level [p = 0/13]. According to the result, exercise was effective to increase elderly women quality of life levels, therefore it can be used as simple and complementary method for improving women elderly quality of life

Changes in plamsa concentrations of hypoxanthine and xanthine in renal vein as an index of delayed kidney allograft function

The aim of this study was to evaluate the plasma levels of hypoxanthine [HX] and xanthine in the renal vein blood samples for prediction of delayed graft function [DGF]. Two blood samples were taken from 47 kidney recipients, intraoperatively. The first sample was obtained from a peripheral vein before vascular anastomosis and the second from the allograft renal vein, 15 minutes after the anastomosis. Purine metabolites including xanthine and HX were measured and their associations with operative time, anastomosis time, frequency of clamping, urine output, and DGF were evaluated. The mean levels of xanthine and HX were 0.12+/-0.10 mg/L and 0.37+/-0.17 mg/L in the first plasma samples, respectively. Thirty patients [63%] had no significant changes in neither of their purine metabolite levels and 17 [37%] had higher levels of HX, but not xanthine, in their second samples. Only anastomosis time had a significant relation with the level of the metabolites [P = .04]. Three patients [10%] with no changes in the metabolites and 5 [29.4%] with higher HX levels had DGF [P = .12]. The anastomosis time and frequency of vascular clamping were higher and the urine output after the anastomosis was lower in the patients with DGF. Cold ischemia in kidney transplantation causes a mild increase in the HX concentration indicative of short-term ischemia effects on the cell metabolism. But it cannot predict DGF. Anastomosis time, frequency of clamping, and urine output after the anastomosis are more sensitive indices

Comparison of analgesic effects of tramaddol and lidocaine in reduction of propofol induced pains

Propofol is frequently associated with pain on injection. Numerous methods were introduced to alleviate the pain. This study was designed to assess the effectiveness of Lidocaine compared with tramadol in reducing pain on propofol injection. In a randomized, double blind study, 60 patients were selected for this study and divided into two equal groups of A and B based on receiving tramadol and lidocaine respectively. Following venous occlusion by a pneumatic tourniquet placed on the arm and inflated to 50 mmHg above the baseline systolic pressure, a dose of 50mg [10cc] of tramadol was injected in group A [n= 30] and 50 mg [10cc] of lidocaine in group-B [n=30] and the tourniquet pressure was released after one minute. A dose of 2.5 mg/kg of propofol [20[degree sign] C - 25 [degree] C] was then administered as bolus dose over 30 seconds. Pain assessment was made 30 seconds after the start of the injection. There was a significant reduction in the incidence of propofol-induced pain when administered in both groups. The incidence of pain was 13.34% in group-A as compared to 16.66% in group-B without any significant difference. Pretreatment with tramadol is an effective as lidocaine in reducing pain on propofol injection