ABSTRACT
Acute myeloid leukemia [AML] is defined as leukemic blast reproduction in bone marrow. Chromosomal abnormalities form different subgroups with joint clinical specifications and results. t[8;21][q22;q22] and inv[16][p13;q22] form core binding factor- AML [CBF-AML]. c-kit mutation activation occurs in 12.8-46.1% of adults with CBF leukemia. These mutations occur in 20-25% of t[8;21] and 30% of inv[16] cases
Methods: In this systematic review, we searched different databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Embase. Selected articles were measured based on the inclusion criteria of this study and initially compared in terms of titles or abstracts. Finally, articles relevant to the subject of this review were retrieved in full text. Twenty-two articles matched the inclusion criteria and were selected for this review
Results: In this study, c-kit mutations were associated with poor prognosis in AML patients with t[8;21] and inv[16]. In addition, these mutations had better prognostic effects on AML patients with inv[16] compared with those with t[8;21]
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, c-kit mutations have intense, harmful effects on the relapse and white blood cell increase in CBF-AML adults. However, these mutations have no significant prognostic effects on patients
ABSTRACT
Objective: Signaling pathways such as extracellular regulated kinase/mitogen activated protein kinase [ERK/MAPK] have increased activity in leukemia. Ribosomal 6 kinase [RSK4] is a factor downstream of the MAPK/ERK pathway and an important tumor suppressor which inhibits ERK trafficking. Decrease in RSK4 expression has been reported in some malignancies, which leads to an increase in growth and proliferation and eventually poor prognosis. In this study we measured RSK4 expression rate in acute myeloid leukemia [AML]
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was undertaken in 2013-2014 at Ghaem Hospital in Mashhad, Iran, on 40 AML patients and 10 non-AML patients as the control group. The expression rate was measured by real-time polymerase change reaction [PCR] and employing the ??CT method. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney and Spearman tests using SPSS [version 11.5]
Results: Expression rate of RSK4 was significantly decreased in the AML group in comparison with the non-AML group [P<0.001]. There was also a significant decrease in RSK4 expression in AML with t[15;17] in comparison to other translocations [P=0.004]
Conclusion: We detected a down-regulation of RSK4 in AML patients. This may lead to an increase in the activity of the ERK/MPAK pathway and exacerbate leukemogenesis or the prognosis of the patients
ABSTRACT
Background and Aims: multiple myeloma is a malignant proliferation of plasma cells derived from a single clone. The tumor, its products and the host response lead to organ damages. Some factors that are responsible in its pathogenesis are recognized. As FMS like Tyrosine Kinase 3 receptor [FLT3] mutation has been proved as a determining factor in leukemic patients; the goal of this study was to find association of FLT3 internal tandem duplication [ITD] and FLT3 tyrosine kinase domain [TKD] mutations with multiple myeloma
Materials and Methods: this case-control study was conducted on 60 paraffinembedded bone marrow biopsies [30 multiple myeloma and 30 normal bone marrow specimens] in the pathology departments of Ghaem and Imam Reza hospitals in Mashhad. After sections preparation, DNA was extracted and two PCR reactions were set up for detection of FLT3/ ITD and FLT3/TKD mutations
Results: the Mean age of samples was 64+/-10 years. No FLT3 mutations were detected in multiple myeloma patients
Conclusion: our findings showed that occurrence of FLT3 mutations seem unusual in multiple myeloma
ABSTRACT
Background: Helicobacter pylori infection is a major risk factor for chronic gastritis and gastric cancer. Some findings show increased frequencies of these diseases in individuals with type O blood and in secretors (expressing Leb antigen), but other studies have not found any relationship between blood groups and this infection. Given that H. pylori infection and gastric cancer are common in Iran, the assessment of the pathogenesis of this infection in relation to these blood groups could be valuable. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, we determined the ABO and Lewis blood groups of participants using the tube method and evaluated the level of anti-H. pylori immunoglobulin G using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. This study included 171 Iranian blood donors from Mashhad, Iran, during 2010. The significance of the differences in the frequencies of the Lewis and ABO phenotypes between individuals infected with and without H. Pylori infection were tested using the chi-square test. A P-value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: H. pylori infection was found in 76.6% of the study subjects (n = 131). The most common ABO blood group was O (33.9%), and the most common Lewis blood group was Le(a-b+) (54.7%). The frequencies of the ABO, Lewis, and secretion phenotypes were not significantly different between the infected and uninfected subjects. Conclusion: We did not find any significant relationship between the Lewis, ABO, and secretion phenotypes and H. pylori infection.
ABSTRACT
This study was carried out to investigate the preventive effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Cynodon dactylon [C.dactylon] roots on calcium oxalate calculi in rat. 24 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: group A received tap drinking water while, Groups B, C, and D received 1% ethylene glycol daily for 28 days. Rats in groups C and D received ethanolic extract of C.dactylon at doses equivalent to 3.2 mg/kg and 12.6 mg/kg of root powder, respectively in drinking water from day 0 to day 28. Urine and blood were collected on days 0 and 28 and analyzed for biochemical elements. After 28 days, the kidneys were removed and prepared for histological evaluation of calcium oxalate deposits [CaOx]. The number of CaOx deposits in 10 microscopic fields of kidney slices in group B was 24.5 +/- 4.40 which was significantly higher than group A [p<0.001]. In group C, the number of deposits was significantly lower than group B. The weight of the kidneys was increased in group B vs group A [p<0.05]. However, C.dactylon was able to decrease the weight of kidneys in group C [p<0.05]. Urine oxalate level decreased in nephrolithiatic rats treated with the extract. This study showed that C. dactylon extract was able to reduce the growth of urinary stones in the rat. Therefore, the beneficial action of C.dactylon extract on human kidney stones may be suggested. However, further studies must clarify the mechanism
Subject(s)
Animals, Laboratory , Ethylene Glycol/toxicity , Nephrolithiasis , Kidney Calculi , Glycoproteins , Calcium Oxalate , Rats, Wistar , Urinary CalculiABSTRACT
Background: Iron-deficiency anaemia (IDA) is a major worldwide public health problem. Children and women of reproductive age are especially vulnerable to IDA, and it has been reported that these patients are more prone to infection. This study was done to evaluate alteration of lymphocyte subgroups in IDA. Methods: In this prospective study, we investigated lymphocyte subsets in pre-menopausal women with iron-deficiency anaemia; 50 normal subjects and 50 IDA (hypochromic microcytic) cases were enrolled. Experimental and control anticoagulated blood samples were evaluated using flow cytometry to determine the absolute and relative numbers of various lymphocyte subgroups. Finally, the results of the patient and control groups were compared. Results: Mean (SD) absolute counts of lymphocytes, CD3+ cells, CD3+/CD4+ subsets (T helper) and CD3+/CD8+ subsets (T cytotoxic) in the patient group were 2.08 (0.65) x 109/L, 1.53 (0.53) x 109/L, 0.87 (0.28) x 109/L, and 0.51 (0.24) x 109/L, respectively. The results showed significant differences between case and control groups in mean absolute counts of lymphocytes (P = 0.014), T lymphocytes (P = 0.009), helper T cells (P = 0.004), and cytotoxic T cells (P = 0.043). Conclusion: This study showed that absolute counts of peripheral blood T lymphocytes as a marker of cell-mediated immunity may be decreased in pre-menopausal women with iron-deficiency anaemia, and that these patients may be more prone to infection.
ABSTRACT
Impaired lipid metabolism in diabetic patients is implicated in cardiovascular complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of glycemic control on the lipid profile of type 2 diabetic patients. This study was performed at Emam Reza Hospital, Mashhad, Iran, in 2006. A total of 357 adults with type 2 diabetes [144 males and 213 females] were evaluated. This study was approved by the local committee of medical Ethics. in the standard condition, the sera analysed for fasting blood glucose [FBG] by glucose oxidase method, and for total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C] and low density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C] by enzymatic methods, and for HbA1c by chromatography method. The data analyzed by [SPSS, version 11.5], Pearson's correlation test, t test and one- way analysis of variance. P values