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OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the protective effect of Zataria multiflora extract, an antioxidative medicinal plant, against cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced oxidative lung damage in mice.@*METHODS@#Mice were intraperitoneally pre-treated with various doses of Zataria multiflora extract (50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) once daily for 7 consecutive days. Animals were then injected with a single 200 mg/kg intraperitoneal dose of CP 1 h after the last administration of O. vulgare. Twenty-four hours later, mice were euthanized, the lungs were immediately removed, and biochemical and histological studies were conducted.@*RESULTS@#A single dose of CP markedly altered the levels of several biomarkers associated with oxidative stress in lung homogenates. Pretreatment with Zataria multiflora significantly inhibited the elevation of lipid peroxidation level and the depletion in glutathione content, and superoxide dismutase and catalase activities induced by CP in lung. In addition, Zataria multiflora effectively alleviated CP-induced histopathological abnormality and pulmonary damages in mice lung tissues.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The results reveal that Zataria multiflora protects lung tissues from CP-induced toxicity and suggest a role for oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of lung toxicity produced by CP in mice. Because Zataria multiflora has been extensively used as an additive agent and is regarded as safe, it may be used concomitantly as a good supplement for reducing organ toxicity in patients undergoing chemotherapy, besides their consolidated ethnopharmacological uses.
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Objective: Hyperglycemia, a common metabolic disorder in diabetes, can lead to oxidative damage. The use of antioxidants can benefit the control and prevention of diabetes side effects. This study aims to evaluate the effect of nanoceria particles, as an antioxidant, on glucose induced cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species [ROS], lipid peroxidation [LPO] and glutathione [GSH] content in a human hepatocellular liver carcinoma cell line [HepG2] cell line
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, we divided HepG2 cells into these groups: i. Cells treated with 5 mM D-glucose [control], ii. Cells treated with 45 mM Dmannitol+ 5 mM D-glucose [osmotic control], iii. Cells treated with 50 mM D-glucose [high glucose], and iv. Cells treated with 50 mM D-glucose+nanoceria. Cell viability, ROS formation, LPO and GSH were measured and analyzed statistically
Results: High glucose [50 mM] treatment caused significant cell death and increased oxidative stress markers in HepG2 cells. Interestingly, nanoceria at a concentration of 50 mM significantly decreased the high glucose-induced cytotoxicity, ROS formation and LPO. This concentration of nanoceria increased the GSH content in HepG2 cells [P<0.05]
Conclusion: The antioxidant feature of nanoceria particles makes it an attractive candidate for attenuation of hyperglycemia oxidative damage in different organs
Subject(s)
Hyperglycemia , Antioxidants , Oxidative Stress , Hep G2 Cells , Reactive Oxygen Species , Lipid Peroxidation , GlutathioneABSTRACT
Trace elements such as manganese have an important role in the maintenance of the normal structure and physiology of cells. Manganese is involved in many biological processes. Therefore, an evaluation of the manganese in the atherosclerotic disease is important. In this cross sectional study, 334 subjects, without recent cardiac event and history of collagen vascular or infectious disease were investigated. All patients divided into 4 groups to evaluate severity of coronary artery disease according to Syntax scoring system. All groups were matched in cardiovascular risk factors. The serum level of manganese in normal coronary group was 1.47 +/- 0.23 micro g/L and in total atherosclerotic groups was 1.06 +/- 0.37 micro g/L. The serum level of manganese was significantly lower in total atherosclerotic groups than normal group [p=0.001] and significantly decreased with severity of atherosclerosis. The serum level of manganese was significantly lower in sever atherosclerosis patients than mild and moderate coronary artery disease groups [p=0.001]. The finding indicated that the serum level of manganese is lower in atherosclerotic patients and it decreases with severity of atherosclerosis
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Although the biokinetics, metabolism, and chemical toxicity of uranium are well known, until recently little attention was paid to the potential toxic effects of uranium on reproduction and development in mammals. In recent years, it has been shown that uranium is a developmental toxicant when given orally or subcutaneously [SC] to mice. Decreased fertility, embryo/fetal toxicity including teratogenicity, and reduced growth of the offspring have been observed following uranium exposure at different gestation periods. For investigating the effects of DU on pregnant animals, three groups [control, sham and test] of NMRI mice were chosen. In test group 4mg/kg of DU were administered intraperitonealy at 11 day of gestation, in sham group only normal saline injected to interior peritoneum as indicated in the test group and in Control group which was considered as the comparison base line of our research, no injection was made. Caesarean sections were performed at 15 day of the gestation; and their placentas were examined externally. Base on our results DU caused significant external anomalies, and caused a significant decrease [p<0.05] in the weight and diameter of placentas, the number of the embryos, their body weight and crown-rump length of fetuses
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Accumulation or deficiency of trace elements can occur in hemodialysis patients and it increases risk of cardiovascular or other organs disorders. Special ions levels such as sodium and bicarbonate in dialysis fluid are accurately regulated but the remaining elements are not regularly measured. Aluminum and lead belong to the biologic performance free heavy metals .They also has a tendency to accumulate in hemodialysis patients. This study aims to compare serum aluminum and lead levels in hemodialysis patients before and after dialysis during 6 months period. This comparative longitudinal research has been a comparative longitudinal research conducted to 86 hemodialysis patients in Imam Khomeini and Fatima Zahra in Sari. Sampling was done on patients for three times [two times before dialysis with 6 months interval and one time after dialysis in the sixth month]. It has been measured by spectrophotometer method. In order to compare the metal mean and standard deviation, ANOVA analysis method and also evaluating intra group difference with paired test has been used. In the 100 hemodialysis patients, the mean age and duration of hemodialysis were 57.0 +/- 7.3 years and 15.28 +/- 5.73 months, respectively. Aluminum level in patient's serum was 30.7 +/- 6.2 and 37.5 +/- 6.8 mg/dl before and after dialysis, respectively. The post-dialysis aluminum level became statistically significant [p<0.05]. There was no significant difference between pre dialysis aluminum concentrations during 6 months interval. We weren't finding significant difference in lead level between the three samples taken. Trace elements status in chronic kidney diseases patients is influenced by a renal function residual, size and dialyzer membrane surface. The water nature also is used for dialysis fluid preparation and composition. Trace elements in ESRD patients differed from healthy individuals. So this issue requires accurate studies on trace elements clinical aspects in ESRD patients
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Edaravone, an antioxidant and radical scavenger, showed protective effects against oxidative stress-like condition. Paraquat [PQ] is toxic herbicide considerable evidence suggests that oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction contribute to PQ toxicity. In this study, protective effect of edaravone against PQ induced toxicity and reactive oxygen species [ROS] generation in A549 cells and lung isolated mitochondria were evaluated. A549 cells and lung isolated mitochondria were divided into control group, PQ group, edaravone group and PQ plus edaravone-pretreated group. Cellular and mitochondrial viability assayed using MTT test and ROS generations in both cellular and mitochondrial fraction were determined by fluorometry using DCFH-DA as indicator. Our results showed that edaravone [5-100 microM] prevented PQ [500 microM] induced cytotoxicity in A549 celIs that the best protective effect was observed at concentration of 50 microM of edaravone. In addition, PQ-induced ROS generation in A549 cells significantly inhibited by edaravone. Moreover, PQ decreased mitochondria viability and also increased ROS generation in lung isolated mitochondria that edaravone [25-400 microM] markedly inhibited these toxic effects. In overall, the results of this study suggest that lung mitochondria maintenance is essential for maintaining PQt cytotoxicity and Edaravone is a protective drug against PQ toxicity in-vitro
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Gastric cancer is the most prevalent cancer with poor survival in gastrointestinal tract. Caspase 3 and 9 play an important role in the development and progression of cancer. Polymorphisms in the genes for these enzymes can affect gene activity and thus may influence susceptibility to gastric cancer. In this study, caspase 3 and 9 genes polymorphisms in patients with gastric cancer were examined. In a case - control study, 100 patients with gastric cancer and 100 healthy individuals were evaluated in the region rs4647601: G> T for caspase-3 and -1263 A> G gene promoter for caspase 9. DNA extraction was performed from whole blood according to manufacture protocol. RFLP-PCR method was carrying out for detection of caspase 3 and 9 genes genotype in two groups. In this study, 143 men and 57 women were evaluated. All of them were selected from the same race and geographical area. The results indicated an increase of the mutant G allele in the control group, which leads to a decreasing in the incidence of gastric cancer [P<0.0001, OR: 0.096, [%0.95CL] =0.04-0.23]. It seems that screening of -1263 A> caspase 9 polymorphism could be a useful marker in personal sensitivity to gastric cancer and help to cancer treatment and prevention process. It is concluded that caspase gene variation may be a diagnostic factor in the gastric cancer.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Caspase 3/genetics , Caspase 9/genetics , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Stomach Neoplasms/enzymology , Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length , Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
Gastric cancer is one of the most common diseases of digestive system with a low 5-year survival rate and metastasis is the main cause of death. Multi-factors, such as changes in molecular pathways and deregulation of cells are involved in the disease development. Epidermal growth factor receptor pathway [EGFR] which is associated with cell proliferation and survival can influence cancer development. EGFR function is governed by its genetic polymorphism; thus, we aimed to study the tyrosine kinase domain gene mutations of the receptor in patients with gastric cancer. In this experimental study, 123 subjects [83 patients with gastric cancer and 40 normal subjects] were investigated in north of Iran for EGFR gene polymorphisms during 1 year. Genomic DNA was extracted by DNA extraction kit according to the manufacture's protocol. Polymerase chain reaction single-stranded conformation polymorphism [PCR-SSCP] and silver staining were performed for investigating EGFR gene polymorphisms. The participants included 72 men and 44 women. Gene polymorphism in exon 18 was present in 10% of the study population but SSCP pattern in exon 19 did not show different migrate bands neither in patients nor in normal subjects. It seems that screening for tyrosine kinas gene polymorphism of epidermal growth factor receptor in patients with gastric cancer and use of tyrosine kinas inhibitors could be useful in the prevention of disease progress and improvement of treatment process for a better quality of life in these patients