ABSTRACT
The aim of the present study was to determine the main constituents of Scrophularia striata essential oil and to evaluate in vitro effect of essential oil on Leishmania tropica and Leishmania major promastigotes and axenic amastigotes. Chemical constituents of the extracted essential oil were separated by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) equipped with a PDMS/DVB fiber. The fiber was injected to gas chromatogram- mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) to determine their identity. Finally, after exposure of parasites to different concentrations of water soluble fraction of essential oil, viability of promastigotes and axenic amastigotes were investigated. Based on the HS-SPME results, 47 compounds representing 95.6% of the total oil, were identified in essential oil. Essential oil analysis showed that nonane (19.7%), α-terpineol (17.4%) and linalool (10.2%) were the most abundant compounds. This study indicates that water soluble fraction of S. striata essential oil has promising anti-leishmanial activity.
El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar los principales componentes del aceite esencial de Scrophularia striata y evaluar el efecto in vitro del aceite esencial en promastigotes y amastigotes axénicos de Leishmania tropica y Leishmania major. Los componentes químicos del aceite esencial extraído se separaron mediante microextracción de fase sólida en el espacio superior (HS-SPME) equipado con una fibra PDMS/DVB. Para determinar su identidad la fibra se inyectó en un cromatógrafo de gases acoplado un espectrómetro de masas (GC-MS). Finalmente, después de la exposición de los parásitos a diferentes concentraciones de fracción soluble del aceite esencial en agua, se investigó la viabilidad de los promastigotes y los amastigotes axénicos. En base a los resultados de HS-SPME, se identificaron 47 compuestos que representan el 95.6% del aceite total en el aceite esencial. El análisis de aceites esenciales mostró que el nonano (19.7%), el α-terpineol (17.4%) y el linalol (10.2%) fueron los compuestos más abundantes. Este estudio indica que la fracción soluble en agua del aceite esencial de S. striata tiene una actividad antileishmanial prometedora.
Subject(s)
Oils, Volatile/pharmacology , Oils, Volatile/chemistry , Scrophularia/chemistry , Leishmania/drug effects , Terpenes/analysis , Colorimetry , Solid Phase Microextraction , Gas Chromatography-Mass SpectrometryABSTRACT
Background: Implantation is one of the essential steps for the success of assisted reproductive techniques [ART]. Their success depends on three main factors: embryo quality, endometrial receptivity [ER], and synchrony between embryo and endometrium
There are various factors that regulate the complex process of implantation. In this regard, one may refer to human chorionic gonadotropin [hCG] as the most important factor
Objective: This study aims to investigate the effect of intrauterine hCG injection before embryo transfer [ET] on pregnancy outcome in infertile couples
Materials and Methods: A total of 159 patients undergone In vitro Fertilization/ Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection [IVF/ICSI] with an antagonist protocol were evaluated. Patients were divided into three groups [n=53]. Group 1 received 500 IU of hCG, group 2 received 1000 IU of hCG intrauterine injection before ET, and the control group underwent ET without hCG preceding intrauterine injection
Results: There was no significant difference among the groups. The implantation rates were 18.86%, 13.52%, and 14.37%, chemical pregnancy rates were 34%, 32.1%, and 35.3%, and clinical pregnancy rates were 34%, 32.1%, and 31.4% respectively
Conclusion: The pregnancy outcome in IVF/ICSI /ET cycles cannot be improved through hCG intrauterine injections before ET
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Embryo loading (EL) is a major step in embryo transfer (ET) and affect on the success of in vitro fertilization (IVF). This study aimed to compare the effect of two different EL techniques on the rates of pregnancy and delivery in IVF/ET cycles. METHODS: 207 fresh ET and 194 Frozen-thawed ET (FET) cycles were included in this retrospective study. Two groups (A and B) were defined based on the EL technique used. In group A, the entire catheter was flushed with Ham's F-10 medium. The embryos were then drawn into the catheter using one air bracket. In group B, 70 microL of air was aspirated into the syringe and the catheter was flushed using Ham's F10 medium. The medium, air, embryos, air, and finally another layer of medium were then sequentially drawn into the catheter. The main outcome measures were the pregnancy and delivery rates. RESULTS: The groups did not differ with respect to the etiology of infertility, the source of spermatozoa, the quality of the embryos, the type of EL catheter, and the ease of transfer. The pregnancy rate was similar between two groups. In fresh ET cycles, a higher delivery rate was observed in group B than it group A (78.1% vs. 60%, p=0.1). In FET cycles, the rate of delivery was significantly higher in group B than in group A to a nonsignificant extent (88.9% vs. 58.8%, p=0.06). CONCLUSION: EL techniques did not have a significant impact on the delivery rate in either fresh or FET cycles.
Subject(s)
Pregnancy , Catheters , Embryo Transfer , Embryonic Structures , Fertilization in Vitro , Infertility , Live Birth , Outcome Assessment, Health Care , Pregnancy Rate , Retrospective Studies , Spermatozoa , SyringesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To identify the genotypes of prevalent Cryptosporidia in broiler chickens in Lorestan province, Iran.@*METHODS@#A total of 1 000 fecal and 1 000 trachea samples were collected from chickens. Smears from both fecal and tracheal samples were stained with modified Ziehl-Neelsen method and nested PCR-RFLP according to amplification of 18S rRNA gene using Ssp I and Vsp I restriction enzymes and DNA sequencing.@*RESULTS@#From the examined chickens 0.7% was positive for Cryptosporidium. Infection was present in 0.5% fecal samples and also in 0.5% trachea. Only 0.3% of simultaneous infections in fecal and tracheal samples were observed. Nested PCR of our isolates demonstrated Cryptosporidium baileyi.@*CONCLUSIONS@#In our work, low rate of Cryptosporidium baileyi infection was detected, but in critical situations and our poor management circumstances, cryptosporidiosis occurs in serious feature especially in immune suppressed individuals.
Subject(s)
Animals , Chickens , Parasitology , Cryptosporidiosis , Epidemiology , Parasitology , Cryptosporidium , Genetics , DNA, Protozoan , Genetics , Feces , Parasitology , Iran , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Poultry Diseases , Epidemiology , Parasitology , Prevalence , Trachea , ParasitologyABSTRACT
Based on classical two-cell, two-gonadotropin theory, in the follicle, follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH] and luteinizing hormone [LH] put on their main effects on the granulosa and theca cells. LH is essential for androgens production. Androgens are used for estradiol production by granulosa cells. Profound suppression of LH concentrations in some normogonadotropic patients can cause several adverse effects. The main clinical purpose of this study was that normoresponder women treated with controlled ovarian super ovulation for IVF or ICSI may benefit from co-administration of rLH. 40 patients who were candidates for assisted reproductive technology [ART] were randomly selected. In all patients long luteal protocol was used for ovulation induction. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: Group 1 [n=20] with standard long protocol [GnRH agonist] and r-FSH alone, Group 2 [n=20] with standard long protocol [GnRH agonist] and r-FSH with r-LH. Results were statistically analyzed and compared in two groups. The number of retrieved oocytes, mature oocytes, cleaved embryos, transferred embryos, estradiol levels in Human chorionic gonadotropin [hCG] administration day, implantation rate and clinical pregnancy rate in group 2 were higher but not significantly different. Administration of rLH in late follicular phase had no beneficial effect on outcomes in young women with mean age of 31 years. Maybe a greater sample size should be used to see the effects more accurately; also it is possible that rLH will be useful in older patients
ABSTRACT
Routine use of assisted hatching [AH] following ICSI is a controversial issue in the literature. There are rare studies regarding the effect of laser assisted hatching [LAH] on live birth rate. Our main goal was to evaluate the effect of LAH on delivery rate as well as congenital anomaly in patients undergoing their first ICSI cycle. A total of 182 patients subjected to ICSI were randomly aliquot into two groups of experiment and control. In experiment group, the embryos were subjected to LAH to open a hole in ZP [about 10-12 Micro m] while in control group, the transferred embryos were intact with no AH. The patients were followed for clinical pregnancy and delivery rate as well as congenital anomaly. All the patients were infertile due to male factor infertility and LAH and embryo transfer were done on day 2. Laboratory and clinical characteristics of two groups of experiment and control were the same. There were insignificant differences between two groups of experiment and control for clinical pregnancy rate [20% vs. 23.9%, respectively, p=0.3] and live birth rate [11.11% vs. 8.6%, respectively, p=0.6]. Also no significant differences were observed between two groups of experiment and control for multiple pregnancy as well as congenital anomaly. Routine use of LAH in first ICSI cycle for male factor patients may have no beneficial effects on clinical pregnancy and live birth rate
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Male , Lasers , Birth Rate , Delivery, Obstetric , Pregnancy , Prospective Studies , Infertility , Infertility, Male , Embryo TransferABSTRACT
Recent studies have demonstrated that morphology of the first polar body [1st PB] is related to oocyte viability, which can be used as a prognostic tool to predict oocyte performance and pregnancy outcomes in an intracytoplasmic sperm injection [ICSI] program. According to some studies, there is a correlation between oocyte performance and 1st PB morphology, while others have not reported any correlation. The objective of this study is to evaluate the role of 1st PB morphology on rates of fertilization and embryo development in ICSI cases. In this prospective study morphological characteristics of 470 metaphase II [MII] oocytes were assessed in 80 ICSI cycles. The women were ages 21-42 years [mean 32.6 +/- 0.2]. Their oocytes were retrieved after a hyperstimulation protocol. After denudation, all oocytes were evaluated for 1st PB morphology. The oocytes were divided into two groups of A [normal 1st PB] and B [abnormal fragmented 1st PB]. In addition, other abnormalities, such as refractile bodies [RF], wide previtelline space [wPVS], central and general granulation, bull's eye, vacuole, smooth endoplasmic reticulum cluster [SERc], debris in PVS, shape and dark oocyte were checked. For verifying of fertilization, about 18-19 hours post-ICSI, oocytes were checked for two-pronuclear. Assessments of embryo quality, development and embryo transfer were done at day two. Chisquare, Fisher's exact and independent sample t tests were chosen for statistical analysis. Twenty-seven percent of oocytes had fragmented 1st PB, while the remainder was associated with other morphological abnormalities. A total of 46.1% and 26.9% of oocytes showed double and multiple defects, respectively. RF was the most common abnormality observed in group B. No significant differences in women's' ages between groups A and B were noted [p=0.3]. A total of 179 and 107 oocytes [61.5% vs. 59.8%] were fertilized in groups A and B, respectively [p=0.7]. The rates of good embryo formation for A and B groups were 66. 5% and 55. 6% [p=0.07], and cleavage rates were 77. 7% and 68.5%, respectively [p=0.09]. The data demonstrated that 1st PB morphology does not appear to be a prognostic factor for rates of fertilization and embryo development in ICSI cycles