T-cell markers in lymphoma

Lymphoma is a general term for a group of cancers that originate in the lymphatic system. The lymphomas are divided into two major categories: Hodgkin lymphoma and all others lymphomas, called Non-Hodgkin lymphomas. is to study the peripheral blood immunophenotypic features of T- lymphomatous cells among patients with Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma [NHL] attending Menoufyia University Hospitals, compared to normal, by 2-color flow cytometry immunophenotyping. The ratios of the subsets of T-lymphocytes and NK cells in the peripheral blood were measured for 25 NHL patients receiving treatment and attending for follow up by the consultant of oncology department, Minoufiya university hospitals. They were compared with those of 15 healthy, agematched controls. The measurements were accomplished by flow-cytometry. The patients had significantly decreased ratios of CD4+, CD8+ T-cells and CD4/CD8. With non-significant increased ratio of CD56+ [NK-T cells] comparing to controls. The subsets of T-Lymphocytes [T-helper and T-Cytotoxic] are suppressed in patients of NHL who receiving treatments than in controls. Neither presence of NK-T cells nor their absence helps in identifying the NHL disease

Non invasive evaluation of liver fibrosis in children with chronic liver diseases

To noninvasively assess liver fibrosis in children with chronic liver diseases by diffusion weighted MR imaging and 13Cmethacetin-breath test and compare the diagnostic accuracy between these tests referring to hepatic histology as gold standard. Fifty children [31 boys, 19 girls, median age 9.1 years], with chronic liver diseases and 20 age matched volunteers underwent diffusion weighted MR imaging of the liver and13C-methacetin-breath test Liver biopsy was obtained with calculation of METAVIR score. The ADC value of the liver and values of MBT was correlated with METAVIR score. Receiver operating characteristic curve was done for diagnosis and grading of hepatic fibrosis. There was statistical difference in the mean ADC value between volunteers and patients with hepatic fibrosis [P = 0.001] and in patients with different grades of METAVIR scores [P = 0.002]. There was correlation between the mean ADC value and METAVIR score. The cut off point to predict fibrosis [1.7x10-3mm2/s] revealed 84% accuracy, 88% sensitivity, 85% specificity, 81% PPV, and 87% NPV. The area under the curve was 0.91 for F1, 0.85 for F2, 0.86 for F3 and 0.90 for F4. Receiver operating characteristic analysis of the 13C methacetin breath test results revealed a cut-off <1.79 best with 94% sensitivity and 95% specificity in predicting cirrhosis. The area under the receiver operator curve was 0.968. The apparent diffusion coefficient value is a promising quantitative parameter used for diagnosis and quantification of hepatic fibrosis in children with chronic liver diseases. The non-invasive 13C-MBT proved to be safe, easy to perform and reliably differentiates between stages of hepatic fibrosis

Lipid profiles in epileptic children treated with carbamazepine and valporic acid

Epilepsy in children often requires prolonged AED therapy. The aim of this study was to define the effect of treatment with some antiepileptic drugs Carbamazepine [CBZ] and Valporate [VPA] on serum lipid profiles alter nine months of therapy. This study was conducted on forty epileptic children, twenty five cases had generalized tonic - clonic and fifteen cases of partial seizures. There were control group [twenty healthy children] and patient group [forty children] the latter was classified randomly into two subgroups as follows: [1] Carbamazepine subgroups twenty cases] and [2] Valporate subgroup [twenty cases]. Our results revealed that serum total cholesterol, LDL- cholesterol, HDL- cholesterol, triglycerides and VLDL-cholesterol levels were increased alter treatment with CBZ with a statistically significant difference compared to serum levels before treatment, on the other hand these serum lipids levels decreased in patients treated with VPA when compared to their serum levels before treatment with a statistically significant difference. Valporic acid has a favorable effect on serum lipid profile and it may be the preferable antiepileptic drug with regards to the effects of the medication on the lipid metabolism

pattern of pulmonary tuberculosis in Damanhour Chest Hospital over the period 2005-2007

The study of the pattern of pulmonary Tuberculosis [T.B] during the three years 2005-2007 in Damanhour Chest Hospital [D.C.H] revealed the following: Out of 10332 attendants examined by mass miniature radiography [M.M.R] there were 471 [4.5%] cases were suspected to have pulmonary T.B .436 patients [4.7%] out of 471 were having bronchogenic T.B and only 35 [0.3%] were having pleural effusion. Sputum analysis revealed 291 [66.5%] were positive sputum for acid fast bacilli [A.F.B] and 145 [33.5%] were sputum negative for [A.F.B]. Bronchogenic pulmonary T.B cases were classified radiologically as unilateral lesion in 430 patients [98.64%], and only 6 patients [1.3%] as bilateral pulmonary T.B. All the extra pulmonary T.B cases were pleural effusion. The commonest age incidence for the pulmonary T.B was in the age group 16-30 years [200 patients 42.4%] from total number 471 suspected cases. The study of the epidemiological pattern for T.B inpatients presented in the hospital during the study revealed that T.B was more prevalent among males age group [16-30] years, lower level of education, farmers sailers and labourers most of them were smoker especially Goza. The comparative study between these three years 2005-2007 there was a decrease in total number of tuberculous patients 7.3%, 4% and 3.1% respectively .Also this study showed that males 312 [71.5%] were more prone to T.B infection than the females

Helicobacter pylori infection and chronic persistent cough: is there an association?

Chronic persistent cough is a common clinical problem that sometimes remains without an identifiable cause. To study a potential association between Helicobacter pylori infection and chronic persistent cough. A clinical observational study with symptom analysis, including 162 patients whose main presenting complaint was chronic persistent cough of an unidentifiable cause [study group] and 42 patients with chronic nonspecific laryngopharyngeal manifestations not including chronic cough [control group]. H. pylori active infection was present in 86.4 per cent [140/162] of patients in the chronic cough group opposed to 45.2 per cent [19/42] in the control group as confirmed by detection of H. pylori antigen in stool specimens. This difference was statistically significant [P < 0.001]. There was a significant improvement of chronic cough in 75.4 per cent [98/130] of patients after successful H. pylori eradication using appropriate medical therapy [P < 0.001]. H. pylori infection might lead to laryngopharyngeal irritation with several manifestations including chronic persistent cough; the exact mechanism of which still needs further research

value of MR imaging of the bone marrow in children with haematopoietic malignancies

Malignancies were examined by MRI to detect the bone marrow changes. They were 44 patients with acute leukaemia, 4 patients with chronic myelogenous leukaemia, 4 patients with Hodgkins lymphoma, 3 patients with non. Hodgkin s lymphomta and 2 patients with polycythaemia vera. MRI proved to be highly sensitive in detection of focal or dtffuse bone marrow changes in 52 patients [Sensitivity: 100%] and to exclude any bone marrow affection in 5 patients [Specificity: 100%]. In spite of its high sensitivity in detection of bone marrow pathology, MRI could not defive a certain disease. In all haematopoietic malignancies, MRI revealed focal or diffuse low signal intensity on T1 -weighted images and high signal intensity on T2-weighted images. MRI-guided bone marrow biopsy was performed in 26 patients. All were successful and augmented the MRI diagnosis of persistence or relapse of the disease [19 patients], bone marrow aplation with fat replacement [4 patients] and secondary post therapy myelofibrosis [3 patients]. MR1 was proved to be very valuable tool in follow up of patients and in detection of the therapy complications. Its use should restrict the need for bone marrow biopsy to one time at the initial diagnosis

Microsurgery of the thyroid gland: 1 Identification and preservation of the recurrent laryngeal nerves

The basic thyroid procedure at the present time is total thyroid lobectomy and isthmusectomy and this mandates identification of the recurrent laryngeal nerve if it is to be preserved. The present work is a description of a new surgical technique using the operative microscope to identify the nerve. It allows delicate work under optimum conditions of focussed illumination, magnification and hemostasis as close to the nerve as possible. One case developed unilateral transient vocal cord paralysis in our series of 100 nerve exposures with complete return of function after one month

Microsurgery of the thyroid gland

A new technique for identification and preservation of the external branch of superior laryngeal nerve during thyroid surgery, is explained. There is 0% possibility of nerve affection with this technique