Effects of sublethal doses of selected botanical molluscicides on oxygen consumption of the brown garden snail, Eobania vermiculata

Laboratory bioassays were carried out for evaluating the efficacy of certain plant materials including Nicotine, Thymol, Menthol, Caffeine and Camphor as molluscicides against the brown garden snail, Eobania vermiculata using the topical application method. The obtained results proved that Nicotine and Thymol were the most promising from the molluscicidal point of view with LD [50]204.02 and 551.20 micro g/snail for the two materials, respectively. The effects of sublethal doses [LD[25] and LD[50]] of the most potent materials, Thymol and Nicotine, on the oxygen consumption of E. vermiculata snails after 1, 7 and 15 days post treatment were evaluated. Results indicated that only snails treated with LD [50] Thymol showed significant decrease in their oxygen uptake; while all the other treatments stimulated significant increase in the oxygen consumption along the three periods of estimation. This stimulation was most pronounced with the low sublethal doses of the both examined botanical molluscicides. The succession of time post exposure did not enable the treated snails to eliminate the adverse effects of the applied materials. Depending on the results of the current investigation, we can conclude that the both examined botanical materials, Thymol and Nicotine, are effective in killing the agricultural pest E. vermiculata but further studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of these materials as safe and economic molluscicides in the field

Effect of nalbuphine [a narcotic drug] on some hematological and biochemical parameters of male albino rat

Among narcotic drugs of major importance in medicine, is nalbuphine hydrochloride. It is a potent analgesic, has been effectively used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain, in pot-operative analgesia, for labor analgesia and as a component of balanced anesthesia. Commercially, nalbuphine hydrochloride is known as nubain or nalufin. The present study aimed to investigate the possible noxious impacts of this drug on some hemotalogical and biochemical parameters of male albino rat [rattusnorvegicus]. So, sixty adult rats weighing 140-150 gm were used to study erythrocytes [R.B.Cs] and leucocytes [W.B.Cs] counts, hemoglobin [Hb] concentration, hematocrit [Hct] value, mean corpuscular volume [MCV], mean corpuscular hemoglobin [MCH] and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration [MCHC]. Besides, studying the biochemical analysis of kidney function including urea and createnine concentrations, in addition to thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine [T3] and thyroxine [T4] levels. The experimental groups were injected twice time daily intramuscularly with the drug at the dose levels of 0.2 and 0.4 mg/ 100 gm. B.wt. for 15 and 30 days. Nalbuphine hydrochloride treated rats displayed deleterious alterations in their hematological and biochemical analysis. The data of hematological investigations revealed a marked decrease in RBCs, Hb, Hctand MCV in groups treated with low or high dose of nalbuphine for 30 days. Also, a significant decreases were detected in R.B.Cs, Hb and MCH in rats treated with high dose Of nalbuphine for 15 days. While, Hb concentration, Hct value, MCV and MCH showed insignificant changes in rats treated for 15 days with the low dose. On the other hand, MCHC and W.B.Cs showed insignificant changes throughout all treated groups. Biochemical studies on the serum indicated a marked increase in urea and createnine in all groups treated with nalbuphine. On the other hand, T3 and T4 exhibited a significant decrease after treatment with nalbuphine. These deleterious changes give an alarm to be aware in using such drugs from the narcotic group

Effects of orally fed diazinon on some biochemical parameters of male albino rats

The current investigation was carried out to study the effect of orally administration of diazinon insecticide on some biochemical blood indices on male albino rats. The organophosphorus insecticide, diazinon was orally administrated at a dose [100mg/kg body weight=1/3LD50], daily for 10 days [short -term] and 20 days [long -term] to adult male albino rats. The results revealed the following: 1- Diazinon led to an increase in rat blood serum glucose and T3 [short and long -term]; AST,ALT,and T4 [long-term].2- Diazinon reduced the serum content of total cholesterol and protein in short-term treated rats. 3- Treatment of rats with diazinon did not alter activity of AST, ALT and T4 level at short -term period .In addition ; ALP serum levels were not altered in both short and long -term treated rats