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Objective@#Problematic use of social media (PUSM) may affect sleep quality and self-stigma in people with schizophrenia and consequently reduce their quality of life (QoL). This longitudinal study investigated if sleep quality and self-stigma mediated relationships between PUSM and QoL. @*Methods@#One-hundred-and-ninety-three outpatients with schizophrenia were recruited from a psychiatric center in Taiwan from April 2019 to August 2021 and participated in a longitudinal study at intervals of three months between measurements. QoL was assessed using the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire Brief Version; sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; self-stigma using the Self-Stigma Scale-Short; and PUSM using the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale. Via SPSS 20.0, general estimating equation models assessed temporal associations between variables. Via R software, mediating effects of self-stigma and sleep quality were examined through Monte Carlo simulations with 20,000 repetitions. @*Results@#Mean scores of physical, psychological, social and environmental QoL ranged from 11.86 to 13.02. Mean scores of sleep quality and self-stigma were 9.1±4.5 and 2.2±0.8, respectively. Sleep quality and self-stigma were directly related to QoL (p<0.001) and mediated indirect relationships between PUSM and all components of QoL with a range of 95% confidence intervals spanning from -0.0591 to -0.0107 for physical QoL; -0.0564 to -0.0095 for psychological QoL; -0.0292 to -0.0035 for social QoL; and -0.0357 to -0.0052 for environmental QoL. @*Conclusion@#Sleep quality and self-stigma mediated relationships between PUSM and QoL in people with schizophrenia. Developing interventions targeting PUSM, sleep, and self-stigma may help improve QoL in people with schizophrenia.
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Objectives@#Police officers may be at a greater risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) than the general population due to their highstress occupation. This study evaluated how an educational program based on the health belief model (HBM) may protect police officers from developing CVD. @*Methods@#In this single-group experimental study, 58 police officers in Iran participated in a 5-week intervention based on HBM principles. Outcomes included changes in scores on an HBM scale, time spent on moderate to vigorous physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire), body mass index (BMI), blood lipid profile, blood glucose, and blood pressure. The intervention consisted of 5 HBM-based educational sessions. Follow-up was conducted at 3 months post-intervention. The paired t-test was used to examine differences between baseline and follow-up scores. @*Results@#All aspects of the HBM scale improved between baseline and follow-up (p<0.05), except the cues to action subscale. Self-efficacy and preventive behaviors improved the most. BMI decreased from 26.7±2.9 kg/m2 at baseline to 25.8±2.4 kg/m2 at follow-up. All components of the lipid profile, including triglycerides, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein, showed significant improvements post-intervention. Blood glucose and blood pressure also decreased, but not significantly. Nearly 25% of participants who were not physically active at baseline increased their physical activity above or beyond the healthy threshold. @*Conclusions@#A relatively brief educational intervention based on HBM principles led to a significant improvement in CVD risk factors among police officers. Further research is needed to corroborate the effectiveness of this intervention.
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Introduction: In-service training of nurses plays an indispensable role in improving the quality of inpatient care. Need to enhance the effectiveness of in-service training of nurses is an inevitable requirement. This study attempted to design a new optimal model for in-service training of nurses
Methods: This qualitative study was conducted in two stages during 2015-2016. In the first stage, the Grounded Theory was adopted to explore the process of training 35 participating nurses. The sampling was initially purposeful and then theoretically based on emerging concept. Data were collected through interview, observation and field notes. Moreover, the data were analyzed through Corbin-Strauss method and the data were coded through MAXQDA-10. In the second stage, the findings were employed through Walker and Avant's strategy for theory construction so as to design an optimal model for in-service training of nursing staff
Results: In the first stage, there were five major themes including unsuccessful mandatory education, empowering education, organizational challenges of education, poor educational management, and educational-occupational resiliency. Empowering education was the core variable derived from the research, based on which a grounded theory was proposed. The new empowering education model was composed of self-directed learning and practical learning. There are several strategies to achieve empowering education, including the fostering of searching skills, clinical performance monitoring, motivational factors, participation in the design and implementation, and problem-solving approach
Conclusion: Empowering education is a new model for in-service training of nurses, which matches the training programs with andragogical needs and desirability of learning among the staff. Owing to its practical nature, the empowering education can facilitate occupational tasks and achieving greater mastery of professional skills among the nurses
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Models, Educational , Nursing Staff , Grounded Theory , Evaluation Studies as TopicABSTRACT
Healthy lifestyle habits during adolescence can prevent many of the diseases and disabilities in adulthood and later. The aim of the study was to examine the role of education in improving lifestyles among Iranian adolescents. This group randomized controlled trial was conducted during October 2010 until January 2011 in Tehran. Participants for this study were selected through a random sampling method and divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention group received a six session course on healthy lifestyles and the control group received no intervention. The Adolescent Lifestyle Questionnaire [ALQ] was used for collecting data. Data were collected before the intervention, at a two week after participation time point, and a three month follow-up was conducted. Overall, 365 [male: 173, female: 192] adolescents participated in the study. There were significant differences between boys and girls in terms of physical activity and social support [P<0.001]. The boys had higher levels of physical activity than girls. Girls received more social support than boys. There were significant differences in the lifestyle scores between the intervention and control groups at follow-up [P<0.001]. The educational intervention indicated an improved total lifestyle score [from 123.7[SD.16.1] at baseline to 131.8 [SD.16.7] at two weeks and to 130.5[16.5] at 3 months after education] among the intervention group. Adolescents' behaviors may be different in some dimensions among boys and girls. Unhealthy lifestyle habits are prevalent among adolescents. Therefore sex-specified lifestyle education can bring promising results. Further research in the field can reveal the importance of lifestyle intervention programs
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The prevalence of depression especially among youths is increasingly high. The present study is aimed to identify some demographic and psychological factors such as self efficacy and perceived stress that may be related to depression among male adolescents. Overall, 402 adolescent were selected for participation in the study using multistage sampling method. The participants completed a questionnaire including demographic, depression, self efficacy, and perceived stress data. A multiple regression analysis and the Pearson correlation test were used for data analysis. SPSS version 17 software was used for performing analyses. The mean age of the adolescents was 15.44 [SD = 0.68] years. The total mean score of depression was 16.02 +/- 9.14 and 153 [38.1%] of participants showed depressive symptoms. Results showed that high levels of depression were associated with low level of self efficacy and high level of perceived stress; also some demographic variables such as fathers' job and academic situation can be related to depression among male adolescents. Self efficacy and perceived stress can be related to depression but the role of stress and self efficacy in the etiology and forming of depression in adolescent are discussed. Therefore, more studies for approval of these associations should be considered
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Humans , Male , Depression/psychology , Adolescent , Demography , PrevalenceABSTRACT
To evaluate the psychometric properties of the national Eye Institute refractive error correction quality of life questionnaire [NEI-RQL-42] among Iranian patients with refractive errors. Two samples of patients [n1 = 296, n2 = 95] were consecutively selected from the eye clinic of the Boo-Ali Hospital, Qazvin. A forward-backward procedure was conducted to translate and cross-culturally adapt the Iranian version of the NEI-RQL-42. A homogeneity, stability, and reliability test was conducted for the first sample after a two-week interval. Convergent validity was computed using the correlation between the NEI-RQL-42 subscale scores, National Eye Institute-Visual Functioning Questionnaire [NEI-VFQ-25], and the Short Form-36 [SF-36]. Furthermore, Known-group analysis was performed, to determine the discriminant validity between the subgroups of patients with hyperopia, emmetropia, and myopia. Responsiveness to clinical change was tested by administering NEI-RQL-42 on the second sample that was scheduled for surgery. Homogeneity was satisfactory with the Cronbach's alpha coefficients ranging between 0.70 and 0.92. The 13 subscales of the NEI-RQL-42 showed a considerable stability in intra-class-correlation [ICC] ranging between 0.70 and 0.89. Positive correlation coefficients were found among all subscales of the NEI-RQL-42 and the other quality-of-life instruments [NEI-VFQ-25 and SF-36]. The NEI-VFQ-25 displayed excellent discriminant validity to differentiate the subgroups of patients, and was found to be responsive to change after the surgical correction at three months. The Iranian version of the NEI-RQL-42 is a valid and reliable instrument to assess refractive error correction quality-of-life in Iranian patients. Moreover this questionnaire can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions in patients with refractive errors
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Humans , Female , Male , Quality of Life , Surveys and Questionnaires , Patient Satisfaction , PsychometricsABSTRACT
Diet is one of the most important components of life style and its improvement is very related to appropriate educational methods. The main objective of this research was a comparison between two health education lecture and video tape presentation among volunteer health workers. This was a quasi experimental study on 160 volunteer health workers who were under coverage of south Tehran health center. They randomly assigned into 2 groups with the same size. One group recieved a short time lecture about good diet and other group received education by video tape presentation. Data were collected by questionnaire as pretest and post test and was analyzed using chi 2, Mcnemar, t-test [paired-independent] statistical tests. Knowledge and attitude was found to be significantly improved by both methods [P<0.0001], however the lecture method had a greater effect [P<0.0001] on improvement of knowledge and attitude of participants. Most participants also reported mass media as prior information source about good diet. This research showed that both educational methods namely lecture and video tape presentation can be effective ways to increase knowledge and improve attitudes about good diet but lecture was a more proper method
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Lifestyle affects human health and thus, many health problems are related to people's lifestyles. It is also considered as a modifiable factor in Hypertension. The aim of this study was to determine risk factors of hypertension which are related to lifestyle, in 24-64 year old people in Kosar region of Qazvin city. This was a case - control study, consisting of 450 people who were selected through systematic sampling. The data collection instruments were lifestyle questionnaire and data registration paper that their validity and reliability were determined by content validity and test-retest, respectively. People with blood pressure > 140/90 mmHg were regarded as cases while the rest were regarded as controls. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 11.5 using descriptive and analytical statistics. The cases and controls had statistically significant difference in term of physical activity [p<0.01], smoking [p<0.001] and BMI [p<0.001]. Results showed that physical activity, smoking and obesity affect the incidence of hypertension in this region. These results necessitate interventions to change lifestyle of inhabitants of this region
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Humans , Female , Male , Life Style , Blood Pressure , Risk Factors , Obesity , Smoking , Motor ActivityABSTRACT
This study evaluated the health-related quality of life [HRQOL] in a sample of Iranian patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. The data were compared with the HRQOL for the Iranian general population. Two-hundred and fifty patients undergoing hemodialysis were included using a convenience sampling approach in a cross-sectional study. Data collection was performed using a Persian translation of the Short Form-36 questionnaire in combination with demographic and clinically related questions. The collected data were analyzed using a logistic regression model with physical and mental summary scales as dependent variables. The patients' mean Short Form-36 scores were significantly lower than those obtained for the general population for all scales. Patients with longer duration of being on hemodialysis, poor adherence to treatment, higher body mass index, and comorbidity diseases suffered from a poorer physical health. Poor mental health was associated with a lower level of education, longer duration of hemodialysis, lower economic status, a lower degree of knowledge on disease, and comorbidity diseases. This study affirms the fact that patients undergoing hemodialysis suffer from poor HRQOL. In comparison with data from other studies from Asian and European countries, this sample of Iranian patients on hemodialysis had a lower HRQOL, a discrepancy that might be due to differences in life style, socioeconomic status, the general level of education of the patients, as well as physician-patient communication