Infección por protozoos y helmintos intestinales en escolares de sectores ribereños, con distintos niveles de contaminación fecal, del río Valdivia, Chile / Infection by intestinal protozoa and helminths in school children from riverside sectors, with different fecal contamination levels, of Valdivia river, Chile

During 1993, the prevalences of infection by intestinal protozoa and helminths (IPG) in the riverside schoolchildren population of two sectors of Valdivia river, with different levels of fecal contamination, were compared in relation to their contact with river water (swimming, bathing) and basical sanitation elements (BSE) of their houses: ceses and garbage disposal, and water supply., Populations of children from sectors A (n = 418), with significatively greater (SG) total coliform most probable number (MPN), and sector B (n = 400), were examined. PAFS test was used for the stool examination of one sample, from each child. The global prevalence of infection by IPH was similar in A (74.8 percent) and B (72.5 percent) sectors.From 10 identified IPH, only Entamoeba histolytica and Hymenolepis nana showed prevalences of infection SG in sector A, than in sector B. The contact of the children with the water of the river showed association with SG prevalences for E. histolytica, Entamoeba coli and Endolimax nana in sector B and for E. histolytica in sector A. No sanitary condition for the different BSE contributed to SG prevalences for E. histolytica, Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura in both sectors, and for E. coli in sector B. The contact with the river water and the different BSE contributed to prevalences SG in 5 and 3 IPH in sectors B and A, respectively. The results suggest that a projetc in study for the development of a treatment plant of wastewater in sector A, could contribute to control infection by IPH. But, this measure must be associated with improvement of the BSE, health education, and application of chemotherapy measures for geohelminthosis in both sectors

Infección estacional por metacercarias de diplostomum, austrodiplstomum, mordax y tylodelphys destructor en el pejerrey chileno, basilichthys australis, en el Lago Riñihue de Chile / Seasonal Infection by metacercaries of diplostomum, austrodiplstomum, mordax and tylodelphys destructor in the chilean silverside, basilichthys australis, in Lago Riñihue, Chile

Between 1993 and 1994, 129 specimens basilichthys australis, from Lake Riñihue (39º50's; 72º20'W) in the south of Chile were examined, in order to determine the prevalence and mean intensity of infections by diplostomum mordax y tylodelphys destructor metacercariae in the brain of fishes. Prevalence and mean intensity of D. mordax and mean intensity of T. destructor not showed seasonal significant differeces. Prevalence of T. destructor was higher in summer than in winter, spring and autumm. No association between intensity of infection by D. mordax and T. destructor and body condition of the host was observed

Geohelmintosis intestinales en el hombre y animales domésticos de sectores ribereños de la cuenca del río Valdivia Chile / Intestinal geohelminthosis in man and domestic animals in riverside sectors of Valdivia river basin, Chile

In march - october 1987 were analyzed 1295 coprological specimens in a sample of the human population who lives in riverside localities in the Valdivia river basin, Chile. A 23,6 for percent of examined persons presented infection by one or more helminth species. The prevalence of infection by ascaris lumbricoides, trichuris trichiura and trichostrongylidae gen. sp were 15,5; 12,7 and 0,2 for percent, respectively. The prevalence of human ascariosis and trichuriosis were greater in pre-school and school children. The sex of the host and prevalence of geohelminthosis did not show any relationship. Prevalences of ascariosis and trichuriosis were higher in persons from houses no sanitary fecal and water disposal. Over 35 for percent and 20,7 for percent of family groups showed infection by A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura, respectively in over 40 for percent of the members of each group. Fecal samples from domestic mammals revealed the following prevalences rates helminth infections: in dogs 19,0 and 15,2 for percent for toxocara canis and uncinaria stenocephala respectively, in cats 65,1 for percent for toxocara cati, and in pigs 25,4 and 3,2 for percent for ascaris suum and trichuris suis respectively. Some of these species are clearly demostrated agents of zoonoses

Prevalencia de infección por protozoos en roedores sinantrópicos de la ciudad de Valdivia en Chile / Prevalence of protozoa infections in synanthropic rodents in Valdivia city in Chile

Entre los meses de marzo y septiembre de 1986 se llevó a cabo un estudio de 57 roedores sinatrópicos en la ciudad de Valdivia, con el fin de determinar la prevalencia de la infección por protozoos en sangre y en los órganos del tracto digestivo. El grupo de animales estudiados comprendía roedores de ambos sexos, correspondiendo éstos a 42 machos y 15 hembras. El 70,2 por ciento de los animales investigados estaba parasitado, comprobándose la presencia de cinco especies de enteroprotozoos y una especie de hemoflagelado. El número y porcentaje encontrado fue el siguiente: giardia muris 21 (36,8 por ciento), hexamita muris 22 (38,6 por ciento), trichomonas muris 9 (15,8 por ciento), eimeria sp 15 (26,3 por ciento) y trypanosoma lewisi 9 (15,8 por ciento). Se analizaron los resultados en relación al sexo de los huéspedes, no encontrándose diferencias significativas. Además, se determinó el rendimiento del examen directo, flotación con solución de azúcar y SAFS en las muestras de deposiciones. La técnica de flotación mostró el más alto rendimiento en el diagnóstico de los coccidios, mientras que el SAFS fue más eficiente en la detección de giardia muris y entomoeba muris

Enteropatógenos en mytilus chilensis / Enteropatogens in mytilus chilensis

Entre los mariscos de consumo habitual, el chorito Mytilus chilensis ocupa un lugar privilegiado en nuestra población. Por ser un organismo filtrador, capaz de concentrar gran cantidad y diversidad de microorganismos, constituye un riesgo potencial en salud pública. Nuestro trabajo tiene por objeto determinar la presencia de algunos enteropatógenos tales como Campylobacter, Vibrio, Aeromonas y otros bacilos Gram negativos oxidasa positivos en un muestreo de 250 choritos provenientes de los estuarios del río Valdivia y río Chaihuín. Los especímenes fueron trabajados por métodos convencionales, determinándose un 76,8 por ciento de positividad, siendo los géneros Aeromonas y Vibrio los mas frecuentemente aislados con un 44,55 por ciento y 48,51 por ciento respectivamente, existiendo a su vez, una escasa representación de Alcalígenes y Pseudomonas. Se destaca el aislamiento de una cepa de Campylobacter coli biovar 2, constituyendo éste, la primera comunicación de dicha bacteria en Mytilus chilensis