ABSTRACT
Objective: Used of sodium bicarbonate in bread can increase loss of bread, chill stomach acid, disorder in digestion and suction in nutrient material. So the aim of this study was survey of Knowledge, attitude and practice of bakeries of Gorgan about the use of sodium bicarbonate in bread
Methods: 100 bread bakeries participated in this study among 208 with simple random sampling. Data collection instrument was questionnaires include demographic variables and knowledge and attitude question. Practice evaluation was performed by chemical and electrochemical exam that are useful for appointment alkality and PH in bread. The questionnaire complete with bakeries and the sample of bread was take in start of decoction and tested in paramedical laboratory by method number 2320 of standard method. Data analyzed by SPSS soft ware via test such as chi-square test and p-value <0.05 considered as significant
Results: 41% of bakeries were used of sodium Bicarbonate that 88.9% of them was Llevash bakeries and 23.9% was Barbari bread bakeries that this was statistically significant [P<0.001]. 28% of members of bakeries had weak knowledge about risk of use of sodium Bicarbonate in bread, 62%was middle and 10% of them good. And about attitude 29% weak, 43% middle and 28% of them has favorable attitude .the relation between bakeries members knowledge and used of sodium Bicarbonate was not statistically significant but relation between favorable attitude and kind of bread was statistically significant [P=0.001] and the Barbari bread bakeries has a better attitude rather than other
Conclusion: According to this study result performance educational plan for bakeries can affect in sodium Bicarbonate used in bread. And according to weak practice in Levash bakeries they except education plan need to punctual supervision
ABSTRACT
The compound of MDMA or 3,4methyl deoxy met amphetamine, so called ecstasy, is a new narcotice compound. Ecstasy tablets have a temporary exciting and deteriorating side effects. This study was done to determine the knowledge and attitude of University students about ecstasy tablets in Gorgan, Iran. This descriptive - analytic study was done on 300 university students in Gorgan during 2006. The tools of data collection were questionnaire. This questionnaire developed by authors, consists of demographic, knowledge and attitude questions respectively. The data were analized by SPSS software and Kruskal- Wallis and Mann- Whitney tests. 3% of subjects had previous usage of ecstasy. The 27.3% of students had poor knowledge about ecstasy; also 52.3% and 12.7% of students had middle and high knowledge about ecstasy respectively. There was significant relation between knowledge and attitude with educational level, family income, parents occupation and previous usage of ecstasy [P < 0.05]. But there was not any relation between knowledge and attitude and age, gender, and filed of education and source of information enquiry. There was a positive correlation between knowledge and attitude of students [P < 0.001, r=0.243]. This study showed that knowledge and attitude of University students about ecstasy is low. Therefore an educational program about ecstasy is necessary to increase the knowledge and attitude of university students