ABSTRACT
Exposure to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) by prostate cancer (PCa) patients is increasing, either in early-stage and in metastatic disease. Frequently, ADT becomes a long-term treatment, lasting even more than 10 years, starting with gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists or antagonists, until the newest hormonal treatments as Abiraterone and Enzalutamide. As a consequence, ADT related adverse events occurred. We reviewed the medical literature using Pubmed search terms “prostate cancer”, “androgen deprivation”, “metabolic syndrome”, “cardiovascular diseases” and “psychological assessment”. The search was limited to manuscripts published in English language between 1999 and 2016, preferring more recent review articles. Metabolic syndrome, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, rather than PCa itself, are the most common causes of mortality, particularly in early stage PCa patients. All these adverse eff ects synergistically increase morbidity in patients taking ADT. Psychological-cognitive implications emerging during ADT result in a signifi cant reduction of health-related quality of life of PCa patients. ADT is associated with several adverse events, which physicians andpatients should evaluate when recommending ADT. Multidisciplinary approach, with diff erent clinicians such as Urologist, Radiotherapist, Oncologist, Endocrinologist, Cardiologist, Psychologist, is mandatory for the suitable clinical management of patients with PCa submitted to ADT.
ABSTRACT
A técnica de microdiluiçäo em placa, para determinaçäo da concentraçäo inibitória mínima, foi comparada com as técnicas de macrodiluiçäo em tubo radiométrica. A padronizaçäo da microtécnica visou sua utlizaçäo em ensaios de drogas alternativas e novos compostos com potencial açäo antimicrobiana contra o Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A droga utilizada, foi testada na cepa padräo H37Ra e em 34 cepas de teste, sendo 26 sensíveis a isoniazida e oito resistentes, segundo perfil de sensibilidade determinado pelo método da taxa de resistência. A comparaçäo entre os métodos em placa e o radiométrico resultou na concordância de 32 cepas de discordância de três. Estes dados indicam que o método de microdiluiçäo em placa é adequado para se testar o efeito de drogas ou compostos químicos sobre o M. tuberculosis. A técnica é econômica, de fácil execuçäo e näo requer equipamento para sua execuçäo. (AU)
The microtitre plate method used to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration has beencompared with the method of tube macrodilution and the radiometric method, for the purpose of evaluatingthis method in testing second-line drugs and new compounds which may have a potential effect againstMycobacterium tuberculosis. The drug used was isoniazid and 34 strains were tested, besides the standardstrain H37Ra. Out of those strains, 26 were sensitive to isoniazid and eight were resistant to it. The resultsobtained showed that the plate method gave 32 concordant results and three discordant ones. There wasa good correlation between the results of these methods and the results of the radiometric method. Thesensitivity and specificity of this method were good, being very similar to the ones for the radiometricmethod. The conclusion is that the microdilution plate method is appropriate to test the effect of drugs or compounds against M.tuberculosis. It is an inexpensive technique that is easy to perform and does notrequire any equipment in its use. (AU)