Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous-methanolic extract of Aerva javanica

The present study was aimed to investigate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous methanolic extract of Aerva javanica. For measuring analgesic activity, writhing test, hot plate method and formalin test were performed and abdominal writhing was induced by intra-peritoneal injection of 0.2ml of 3% acetic acid. While in formalin test, pain was experimentally induced by injecting 25 micro l of 2.5% formalin in left hind paw. In hot plate method, pain was induced thermally by keeping the animals on a hot plate with temperature of about 51[degree]C. Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by carrageen an induced mice paw edema. The results showed that the extract had significant analgesic activity [p<0.05- p<0.001] and anti-inflammatory activity [p<0.01-p<0.001]. Therefore, it was concluded from this study that the extracts of Aerva javanica may be used against pain and inflammation

Computational drug designing of newly synthesized triazoles against potential targets of methicillin resistant Staphylococcm aureus

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus [MRSA] is resistant to known antibiotics and has become a great challenge for healthcare professionals, therefore new molecules are needed to manage this situation. In this study, new lead molecules 4-Amino-5-[2-Hydroxyphenyl]-l,2,4-Triazol-3-Thione [Ul] and4-[2-hydroxybenzalidine] amine-5-[2-hydroxy] phenyl-l,2,4-triazole-3-thiol[U!A Schiff base] were synthesized by fusion method that showed promising antibacterial activity [U1A: 26mm and Ul: 14mm] against MRSA.FT-IR and NMR were used for structural characterization of these derivatives and their toxicity properties were assessed by Lipinski's rule of 5. New potential drug targets of this bacterium were also identified by comparative and subtraction genomics techniques. In particular, octanoyl-[GcvH]: protein N-octanoyl transferase and phosphor mevalonate kinase were used as potential targets in AutoDock Vina studies. This study can provide a framework to find potential drug targets for other pathogenic microorganisms that can successfully be docked with compound Ul and Ul A

Nanopreparations for better drug delivery

Nanomedicines are a recent development to face medical and pharmaceutical challenges because nanoparticles have unique properties. They are very small in size and are easy to handle. One more advantage is that they are not harmful for the human body. Poorly soluble drugs have serious problems with their delivery and dosage forms. Formulation strategies by means of nanocarrier systems, such as polymeric micelles, can resolve the trouble. Micelles from PEG-diacyllipids, e.g. PEG-PE, are of special attention. On the other hand, the layer-by-layer [LbL] technique can be useful to set up stable nanocolloids of low solubility. In some cases, the use of nanopreparations is the only way to fulfill medical requirements. Thus, for the blood group CT imaging, one has to prepare long-circulating contrast-loaded nanoparticles. In other cases, poor stability of potential drugs creates a problem, such as with siRNA, and the use of nanocarriers may present a solution e.g. Polymeric micelles having a hydrophobic derivative of siRNA. We will discuss the preparation, properties, and anti-cancer activity of drug-loaded PEG-PE micelles and LbL nanoparticles and other [approaches] for making "undeliverable" substances deliverable. Injectable, implantable, topical delivery of active compounds, oral drug delivery system and many other methods have been improved by nanotechnology

Improved limit of detection and quantitation development and validation procedure for quantification of zinc in Insulin by atomic absorption spectrometry

A simple and expeditious analytical method for determination of zinc in human insulin isophane suspension by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer [FAAS] was validated. The method was carried out on atomic absorption spectrometer with 0.4nm b and width, 1.0 filter factor on deuterium [D2] background correction. The integration time was set at 3.0 second with 5.0mA lamp current. The parameters of method validation showed adequate linearity, efficiency and relative st and ard deviation values were between 0.64%-1.69% [n=7], 1.31%-1.58% [n=10] for repeatability and intermediate precision respectively. The limit of detection 0.0032µg/mL, 0.0173µg/mL, 0.0231µg/mL and limit of quantitation 0.0107µg/mL, 0.0578µg/mL, 0.0694µg/mL based on signal to noise [SN], calibration curve method [CCM] and fortification of blank [FB] were obtained respectively. The percentages of recovery for low, medium and high spiked concentration levels of zinc in human insulin were 99.38+/-0.04 to 100.3+/-0.03, 98.45+/-0.38 to 100.3+/-0.07 and 99.42+/-0.03 to 99.42+/-0.08 respectively. With the use of this method, five samples from each vial of human insulin isophane suspension were analyzed and the zinc content was determined. The zinc content were 22.1+/-0.025µg/mL and 24.3+/-0.028 µg/mL which compliance the British Pharmacopoeia st and ard.

Epigenetic therapy for cancer

Epigenetics means the study of alterations in the genetic material that affect the phenotype but does not affect the genotype. Epigenetics cause alterations in cell properties, which are inherited; but it does not cause alterations in DNA sequence. Epigenetic mediated silencing of gene is of four types, which are DNA methylation, histone deacetylation, RNA associated silencing and Genomic imprinting. Other factors [environmental and xenobiotics] can also cause gene silencing but DNA methytlation and changes in histones of chromatin are two important changes, which are responsible for malignant diseases. Two groups of drugs are under development, which corrects the epigenetic alterations. These are histone deacetylation [HDAC] inhibitors and DNA methytransferase [DNMT] inhibitors. These drugs may be used in cancer because in cancer, hypermethylation of cancer suppressor gene causes gene silencing. Epigenetic therapy scope is likely to increase in future.