Excessive calcification of placenta; to examine the morphological change in pregnancies complicated by PIH and placental abruption and its relation with fetal outcome

To examine the morphological change due to exct of placenta of pregnancies complicated by pregnancy induced hypertension [PIH] and placental Abruption and its relation with fetal outcome. Case control type of study. This study was conducted from June 2008 to July 2009 at the department of Anatomy of Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro. One hundred twenty placentae were collected from labor room and gynecology operation theatre of Liaquat University Hospital. Forty placentae from parturients that had pregnancy induced hypertension [PIH], forty from parturient having placental abruption and forty placentae of normal pregnancy [Control Group]. Age of all parturients is between 17 to 32 years. Fetal outcome and data was recorded. Weight and diameterof Placentae were measured. Approximately five cm piece of placenta was taken and processed for histological study. The weight of placenta in control group were 450 to 650 gm with amean weight of 526.25 +/- 8.414 gm and their diameter from 19 to 24 cm with amean of 21.225 +/- 0.2148cm. In PIH group weight of placenta was from 200 to 550gm with a mean weight of 432.25 +/- 11.889gm and their diameter ranges from 10 to 16cms with a meanl 4.208 +/- 0.1914cm. In placental abruption group the weight of placenta ranges from 180 to 400 gm with a mean weight of 284.88 +/- 9.084 gms and diameter ranges from 10 to 14cms with mean 13.070 +/- 0.2504 cm. The difference in weight and diameter of placenta in PIH and abruptio placentae was found statistically significant when compared with weight and diameter of normal placentae. The weight of new born babies in control group was 1.8 kg to 3.6 kg mean weight of 2.790 +/- 0.0689kg. In PIH group, the fetal weight was 1.4 kg to 3.0 kg with a mean weight of 2.195 +/- 0.0703kg. In abruptio placentae group, the weight of new born baby ranges from 1.0 kg to 2.8kg with a mean weight of 1.898 +/- 0.0660 kg. Fetal outcome in cases of PIH and in abruptio placentae was poor as compared to control group

Effects of ciprofloxacin and zinc chloride in adult albino rat and pre-natal conceptus

Administration of quinolone therapy is controversial during growing age as stated by earlier authors. The flouroquinolones are currently not indicated for young children because of arthropathy and adverse effect as new born shown by studies. However the effects of ciprofloxacin and ZnCl[2] on prenatal conceptus have remained undocumented. The present study was designed to compare the effects on conceptus after maternal ingestion of ciprofloxacin and ZnCl[2] using Wastar albino rats. Ciprofloxacin and ZnCl[2] was administrated to pregnant female albino rats. Ciprofloxacin with a dose of 20 mg/Kg bodyweight and ZnCl[2] 120 microg/100 gm bodyweight two times therapeutic dose for 10 days [from day 8-18 of pregnancy]. Each animal was weighted on day 1, day 8 and day 18 of pregnancy. Abortion resulted on day 18[th] of pregnancy. Each group of pregnant animals were sacrificed on day 18 of gestation by over dose of either anaesthesia, abdomen opened, uterus and both cornua containing conceptus identified, removed, there weight recorded, crown rump length was measured and was compared with similar value of control animals. The results were statistically analysed to find out the significance. The ciprofloxacin induces a mordanting effect as obviated by increased basophilia. Our study reveals that ciprofloxacin administered in maternal, decreased maternal body weight to 38.4 +/- 0.9 gm. However simultaneous ZnCl[2] maintained the body weight to 41.4 +/- 0.7 gm, while ZnCl[2] increased the body weight to 46.5 +/- 2.25 gm. The body weight and Crown Rump length [CR Length] in conceptus decreased by 4.52 +/- 0.10 gm and 3.06 +/- 0.09 Cm respectively. That ciprofloxacin and ZnCl[2] administration maintained the body weight and CR length by 5.46 +/- 0.09 gm and 3.79 +/- 0.13 Cm respectively. That ZnCl[2] administration increased the body weight and CR length by 6.71 +/- 0.05 gm and 4.15 +/- 0.08 Cm respectively. Prenatal administration of Ciprofloxacin caused reduction in growth rate and CR length, and ZnCl[2] maintained body weight and CR length and growth of the rat conceptus.

Morphological changes in human placenta of wet snuff users

Wet snuff is commonly used by both males and females in different parts of Pakistan. Apart from other ingredients, tobacco is the major component of snuff. Adverse effects of smoking on morphology of human placenta have been shown by some previous studies. But snuff is not considered as dangerous as smoking during pregnancy. This study was designed to see the effects of snuff on morphology of human placenta. In present study total 80 human placentae, 40 from normal and 40 from snuff users were used. This study was carried out in the Department of Anatomy Basic Medical Sciences Institution [BSMI] Karachi. Duration of study was six months. Samples were obtained from Gynaecology and Obstetric unit-I JPMC. Placentae washed well with running tap water to remove blood clots. Umbilical cord and other membranes were removed and placenta gently squeezed to expel the foetal blood. Gross features like weight, diameters, central thickness and attachment of umbilical cord were noted in normal and snuff users' placentae. Then placentae were preserved in 10% formalin for at least five days before the sectioning for micromorphology. Placentae divided in two groups-A and B. 4 micro m thick sections of the tissue were taken on rotary microtome and stained with H and E, Mallorys trichrome and methanamine silver for different histological observations. Mircromorpholgical changes have been observed in placentae of snuff users leading to loss of functional components of placentae. This loss of functional component may have deleterious effects on outcome of pregnancy. No significant gross morphological changes were found in snuff user placentae. Wet snuff effect the micro-morphology of placenta leading to loss of functional component and in turn effects the exchange of materials between mother and foetus which may leads to intrauterine growth retardation. Loss of trophoblasts may lead to hormonal imbalance necessary for normal pregnancy and this imbalance can cause premature labour. Nocotine can cross the placental barrier[2], which may produce foetal tachycardia

new and novel treatment of opioid dependence: nigella sativa 500 mg

Opioid dependence is one of the major social and psychiatric problem of society. Unfortunately there is no non opiate treatment available. For centuries man has used plants for their healing proprieties. These plants play a fundamental part in all treatment modalities, both ancient and modern. This study was conducted to find non opiate treatment for opiate withdrawal. Total 35 known addicts of opiates were included in the study. This study was based on DSM IV criteria for opioid dependence. This study demonstrates that non opioid treatment for opioid addiction decreases the withdrawal effects significantly. It further demonstrates that there are no changes in physiological parameters of subjects during treatment [BP, Pulse rate etc.]. There is increased appetite but no significant weight gain in the subjects. Non opioid drug Nigella sativa is effective in long term treatment of opioid dependence. It not merely cures the opioid dependence but also cures the infections and weakness from which majority of addicts suffer

Preventive role of zinc chloride against toxicity of ciprofloxacin on the growing cartilage of wistar albino rat litter

To assess the preventive role of zinc chloride on toxicity of ciprofloxacin administration in wistar albino rat litter. It was a Prospective experimental study. The study was carried out in the department of Anatomy, Basic Medical Sciences Institute, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, Pakistan during March 2002 to February 2003 one year study. Ciprofloxacin and zinc chloride were administered to newly born albino rat litters separately and simultaneously at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight and 1200 micro g/Kg body weight respectively, intraperitonealy twice daily from 1-14 day after birth. The animals were sacrificed by deep ether anaesthesia. The fore and hind limbs were dis-articulated from the axial skeleton, soft tissue was removed and bones were fixed in 10% buffered formalin. Decalcification was done in 10% nitric acid and 10% formic acid changes. After paraplast embedding, 4 micro m thick longitudinal sections of proximal and distal ends of long bones were cut by a rotary microtome. Routine staining with haemotoxylin and eosin was performed. Histomorphometery was done to measure the thickness of epiphyseal cartilage and was compared with similar values of the control animals. The results were statistically analyzed to evaluate the significance. Our study revealed that ciprofloxacin administration in new born albino rat litter decreased the width of epiphyseal growth plate cartilage by 13.7 +/- 0.42 micro m, 10.43% in humerus and 6.6 +/- 1.2 micro m 4.72% in femur as compared to control, whereas, simultaneous zinc chloride administration restricted the decrease to 1.27 micro m +/- SD in humerus and 2.05 micro m +/- SD in femur. Simultanous zinc chloride administration minimized the epiphseal cartilage damage induced by ciprofloxacin in Wistar albino rat litter

Effect of Ciprofloxacin on growing cartilage in albino Rat pups

Administration of quinolone therapy is controversial during growing age as stated by earlier worker. The flroquinolones are currently not indicated for young children, because of arthropathy and adverse effect on growing cartilage shown by studies. However the effects of ciprofloxacin on epiphyseal growth plate has remained undocumented. This study is therefore, undertaken to determine the risk of ciprofloxacin administration an growing cartilage by prospective experimental animal study model using Wistar albino rat pups. Ciprofloxacin was administered to newly born Wistar albino rat pups with a doze of 20mg/kg body weight intraperitonealy twice a day from day-1 to day-14 after birth. The animals were sacrificed by deep ether anesthesia. The limbs were disarticulated from axial skeleton, soft tissue was removed. The intact bone mean length in millimeter of right and left humerus and femur was measured with the help of electronic vernier caliper and bones were fixed in 10% buffered farmalin. Decalcification was done in 10% nitric acid and 10% formic acid changes. After paraplast embeding, 4 mm thick longitudinal sections of the proximal long bones were cut by a rotary microtome. Routine staining with haemotoxylin and eosin was performed. Histomorphometry was done measuring the thickness of epiphyseal cartilage and was compared with similar value of control animals. The results were statistically analysed to find out the significance. The ciprofloxacin induces a mordanting effect as abviated by increased basophilia. Our study reveales that cirprofloxacin administration in the newly born pups decreased the width of epiphyseal growth plate cartilage by 10.43% in humerus and 4.72% in femur as compared to the growth of control cartilage. The decrease in the width was brought about mainly by the reduced count of the proliferative cells in the proliferative zone and the diminuation in the average size of the hypertrophic condryocytes in the hypertrophic zone. The reserve zone has become markedly reduced in thickness. The ciprofloxacin post-natal administration effected growth plate retardation by inhibiting the mitosis in the proliferative zone and also effected the mean length of humora and femora leading to reduction in limb length of rat pups

Effect of gestational diabetes and maternal hypertension on gross morphology of placenta

Gestational diabetes is much more common than pre-existing diabetes i.e. it complicates 2% to 5% of pregnancies. When metabolic control is good, perinatal mortality should be no higher than in general population. However, macrosomia continuous to be a problem in higher than average proportions of such cases. Macrosomia also involves placenta within the chronic hypertensive disease, the most common diagnosis is essential vascular hypertension. Total 60 full term placenta, 20 from normal and 20 each from gestational diabetics and chronic hypertensive mothers were studied grossly. Shape, attachment of umbilical cord, weight, diameter and central thickness of all placentas were noted. The study demonstrates that there is change of shape i.e. two lobes in one placenta from diabetic group. All other placentae were singly lobed and discoidal shape with central attachment of umbilical cord to the foetal surface of placenta. Weight central thickness and diameter were significantly greater in diabetic group as compared to normal and hypertensive group. Hypertensive group shows non significant decrease in weight of placentae while there was no change in central thickness and diameter of placenta in hypertensive than the normal group. Conclusions: On the basis of results of present study, it is concluded that diabetic's placentae showed increase in weight, central thickness and diameter. One out of 20 placentae in diabetic group also showed change of shape and attachment of umbilical cord to one love. Hypertensive's placentae showed no significant change in weight, shape central thickness and attachment of umbilical cord when compared with normal group

Effects of ciprofloxacin on secondary ossification centers in juvenile wistar albino rats

Administration of quinolone therapy is controversial during juvenile age as stated by earlier workers. The fluroquinolones are currently not indicated for young children, because of the arthropathy and adverse effect on growing cartilage shown by studies. However the effects of ciprofloxacin on secondary ossification centers has remained undocumented. This study is therefore aimed to determine the risk of Ciprofloxacin administration on neonatal skeletal differentiation by a prospective and comparative animal study model using Wistar albino rats. Ciprofloxacin was administered to newly born Wistar albino rat pups at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally twice daily from day-1 to day-14 after birth. These animals were killed by deep ether anaesthesia and fixed in 80% alcohol. They were then bulk stained with Alizarin red and Alcian blue. Finally they were cleared in 4% KOH and stored in glycerin. The fore and hind limbs were disarticulated from the axial skeleton and observed under stereomicroscope for evidence of skeletal differentiation in the form of presence of secondary ossification centers in long hones [left humerus and left femur]. The time of appearance of these centers were noted and compared statistically with those in control animals. The study revealed that the skeletal differentiation in long bones was delayed by 2.4 + 0.2 days at both proximal and distal ends in humerus and 2.4 + 0.2 days at proximal end and 2.2 + 0.2 days at distal end of femur in experimental animals as compared with controls. The ciprofloxacin administration during post-natally presents a risk to skeletal differentiation and therefore to its growth upto the age of six weeks is albino rate pups