To evaluate clinical efficacy of intravenous midazolam alone and along with propofol for sedation in patient management during interventional endoscopic procedures

Ample patient's sedation is a requisite for most interventional endoscopic procedures. A study was conducted to evaluate clinical efficacy of sedation using short acting anesthetic propofol with midazolam than midazolam alone in patient management during diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopic procedures. Prospective observational study. This study was conducted at radiology suite and endoscopy unit, by Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi, from 23-12-2009 to 21-6-2010. A total of ninety two patients undergoing endoscopic procedures randomly received either midazolam [n = 47, group A] or propofol plus midazolam [n= 45, group B] sedation. Patient vital sign's were noted as well as recovery scores, patient's tolerance of the procedure [visual analog scale]. Modified Richmond Agitation-Sedation Score [RASS Scale] was used to assess degree of sedation. The immediate and intermediate recovery was assessed using Steward's recovery score and Post Anesthesia Discharge score [PADS] respectively. Chi- square test value was 79.23 with P value of 0.001 and is significant, while Correlation co-efficient[r] value was 0.800 and the correlation was significant at 0.02 level. Propofol along with midazolam is safe for interventional endoscopic procedures under adequate patient monitoring and is more effective than sedation with midazolam alone as post procedural recovery is concerned while sedation efficacy being similar

How much blood transfusion protocols are followed among health care providers in the tertiary care hospitals of Rawalpindi and Islamabad

The high-ceilinged importance given to safe blood transfusion, a study was conducted in the teaching hospitals of Islamabad and Rawalpindi to ascertain how much blood transfusion protocols are followed. Cross sectional study. This study was carried out in the Teaching Hospitals of Islamabad and Rawalpindi, between Oct, 2007 to Dec, 2007. A total of seventy six health care professionals from surgical and allied specialties were put forward a questionnaire Performa relating to as to whether departmental guidelines for blood transfusion are followed or not. Out of total studied sample i.e. seventy six in total, forty health care personals i.e. 52.63% affirmed that they do follow departmental guidelines for blood transfusion, whereas thirty six personals i.e. 47.37% were lacking the follow-up of standard protocols in their settings. In the study 47.37% i.e. thirty six in number of considered health care professionals were of the opinion that they do not pursue in spirit departmental guidelines regarding blood and blood product transfusion

Evaluation of recovery patterns in post-operative patients using fast-track criteria and modified Aldrete scoring system after surgical Anaesthesia in patient management

The post-operative period is the most critical phase for the surgical patients, requiring close observation. A study was conducted to assess and evaluate patients post-operative recovery course following surgical anesthesia using post anesthesia recovery assessment scoring systems for optimal and timely patient management, so as to ensure a safe postoperative recovery course, thus decreasing morbidity as well as mortality. Observational Study. This study was carried out in the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi, from the period 30-01-2010 to 18-2-2010 and in the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Islam Teaching Hospital, Islam Medical college, Sialkot, from 16-9-2010 to 28-2-2011. In the study, patients undergoing elective surgical procedures in general as well as regional anesthesia were included. The patient's age group was between 15-85 years and belonged to American Society of Anaesthesiologists [ASA] physical status class 1-3 as well as medically optimized ASA-class 4 patients. On discontinuation of general anesthesia patients were assessed for conscious state, cardiovascular stability [pulse and blood pressure] and motor recovery. The Fast-Track criteria were used to assess initial recovery of patient in the operating area. Patients were then shifted to Post Anesthesia Care unit, where recovery assessment was done by continuation of Fast-Track Criteria[1,2,3] and also by employing the Modified Aldrete scoring system[4] immediately, and at five, fifteen, thirty minutes and then at one hr interval depending on clinical physiological status of the patient and the level of score achieved. The patients further management intervention was guided in the light of scores attained, which depicted the physiological alteration. The Post-Anesthesia Discharge scoring system[5,6] and Aldrete recovery score[7] modified for day surgery was used to assess physiological status of patient before shifting them to the surgical ward or for assessment of home readiness. Data was compared and analyzed by SPSS version 17. Mean +/- S.D was calculated for quantitative variables, age etc. Frequencies and percentages were presented for qualitative variables e.g. gender and various scoring systems used in the study. Spearman's Rank correlation was used to check interdependence between the two variables i.e. Fast-Track criteria[1,2,3] and Modified Aldrete scoring system[4]. The P-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. A total of one hundred and ninety nine patients were checked in the study [one hundred and six females and ninety three males] out of which one hundred and fifty seven i.e. 78.89% patients were shifted to respective wards uneventfully. A total of eleven patients i.e. 5.52% needed urgent advanced management care and were shifted to surgical intensive care, while three patients i.e. 1.50% were placed on ventilatory support as guided by the recovery scoring system scores attained and pathological status of the patients. Thirty one patients i.e. 15.57% were discharged to home safely. Thirty patients i.e. 15.07% were 'Fast Tracked' in the study from the operation theatre bypassing the first stage of the traditional two stage recovery process. The value of correlation co-efficient [r] was significant at the 0.01 level. The Fast-Track scoring criteria[1,2,3] along with Modified Aldrete scoring system[4] offers guidance in evaluating post-operative recovery of patients from surgical anesthesia for optimal patient management, so as to decrease morbidity