Psychosocial interventions for patients with alcohol use disorder: A systematic review / 한국간호교육학회지

Purpose@#The aims of this study were to identify the psychosocial interventions for patients with alcohol use disorder and to assess the effects of those interventions. @*Methods@#A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, KoreaMed, KMBASE, RISS, KISS, Science ON, and DBpia to identify studies reported in English or Korean from 2012 to 2021. @*Results@#From the 4,051 studies extracted, 14 studies were selected for review. The majority of the psychosocial interventions were focused on cognitive therapy or cognitive-behavior therapy. Most of the studies reported that the interventions made positive effects on alcohol consumptions. In addition, the psychosocial interventions for patients with alcohol use disorder were effective on coping, support, alcohol avoidance behavior, and hostility bias. Most of the studies reporting positive effects of psychosocial intervention programs applied computers, mobile phones, or similar electronic devices. @*Conclusion@#The findings of this systematic review suggest that the use of computers or mobile devices in psychosocial intervention programs will be effective. It can be said that this systematic review reflects the current trends involving the development of information and communication technology. This systematic review can provide basic data for establishing evidence and suggesting future directions for psychosocial interventions for patients with alcohol use disorder.

Experience of Peer Support Work among People with Mental Illness in the Community:A Grounded Theory Approach

Purpose@#This study discovered a substantive theory of the experience and process of peer support work among people with mental illness. @*Methods@#The participants were members of community-based mental health facilities and had been working as peer supporters for more than six months. The data were collected through in-depth interviews with twelve participants and analyzed using Corbin and Strauss’s grounded theory approach. @*Results@#The core category was “becoming a healer going with patients in the journey of recovery,” and the core phenomenon was “identity confusion as a peer supporter.” The causal conditions were “starting peer support work without certainty” and “standing at the boundary between the therapist and patient.” The intervening conditions were “willingness to become a successful peer supporter,” “feeling a sense of homogeneity with the patient,” “accepting the mental illness,” and “support from people around.” The action and interaction strategies were “letting go of greed,” “being open about oneself,” “developing professional skills,” “maintaining wellness in the body and mind,” and “being with the patient.” The consequences were “becoming a useful person,” “changing attitude toward life,” “expansion of the sense of self-existence,” “recovering from mental illness,” and “discovering a role as peer supporter.” Finally, the substantive theory of “becoming a healer going with patients in the journey of recovery” was derived. @*Conclusion@#This study provides a holistic understanding of peer support work and the implications of interventions to help people with mental illness in a person-centered recovery process.

Job Retention Process among Working People with Mental Illness: A Grounded Theory Approach

Purpose@#The study was conducted to explore the experiences of job retention among working people with mental illness. @*Methods@#The participants were members with mental illness at the S Community Mental Health Center in Gyeonggi Province and who had been working for more than six months. The data were collected through in-depth interviews with 11 participants between June 27 and August 20, 2018. The data were analyzed through Corbin and Strauss’s grounded theory method. @*Results@#The core category was struggling to take root in the community as a productive member. The core phenomenon was the desire to be a productive person, and the causal condition was the willingness to change for a purposeful life. The action and interaction strategies included maintaining regular living patterns, maintaining medication, developing one’s tips for self-management, and self-approval. The intervening conditions were difficulties in forming social relationships, presence of symptoms, social resources, and acceptance of one’s mental illness. The consequences were restoration of family relationships, healthy pleasure through work, social inclusion, development of self-worth, and transition to an independent person. @*Conclusion@#Working people with mental illness are struggling to take root in the community as a productive member. This study suggests that a holistic understanding of the job retention experience among people with mental illness is required. The findings will provide the basis for developing interventions that can improve job retention among working people with mental illness.

Job Retention Process among Working People with Mental Illness: A Grounded Theory Approach

Purpose@#The study was conducted to explore the experiences of job retention among working people with mental illness. @*Methods@#The participants were members with mental illness at the S Community Mental Health Center in Gyeonggi Province and who had been working for more than six months. The data were collected through in-depth interviews with 11 participants between June 27 and August 20, 2018. The data were analyzed through Corbin and Strauss’s grounded theory method. @*Results@#The core category was struggling to take root in the community as a productive member. The core phenomenon was the desire to be a productive person, and the causal condition was the willingness to change for a purposeful life. The action and interaction strategies included maintaining regular living patterns, maintaining medication, developing one’s tips for self-management, and self-approval. The intervening conditions were difficulties in forming social relationships, presence of symptoms, social resources, and acceptance of one’s mental illness. The consequences were restoration of family relationships, healthy pleasure through work, social inclusion, development of self-worth, and transition to an independent person. @*Conclusion@#Working people with mental illness are struggling to take root in the community as a productive member. This study suggests that a holistic understanding of the job retention experience among people with mental illness is required. The findings will provide the basis for developing interventions that can improve job retention among working people with mental illness.

Effects of a Positive Psychology-based Mental Health Promotion Program for High School Students

Purpose@#The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a positive psychology-based mental health promotion program for high school students. @*Methods@#This study used a randomized control group pretest-posttest design. A total of 47 high school students participated from two high schools in Gyeonggi Province. They were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n=24), which participated in the 8-session program, or to a control group (n=23). Psychological well-being, depression, and self-esteem were measured. @*Results@#A significant difference in psychological well-being was observed between the two groups after the program. However, there were no significant between-group differences in depression or self-esteem. @*Conclusion@#The positive psychology-based mental program was effective at increasing psychological well-being in adolescents, especially high school students. This study suggests that a school curriculum could incorporate positive psychology-based mental programs for high school students to promote their mental health.

Mediating Effect of Resilience on the Relationship between Psychological Stress and Burnout among Workers with Violence Experiences in Community Mental Health Welfare Center / 정신간호학회지

Purpose@#This study was conducted to examine the mediating effect of resilience on the relationship between psychological stress and burnout among workers with violence experiences in community mental health welfare center. @*Methods@#A descriptive correlational design was employed. Two hundred and twenty-four workers who had violence experiences from clients participated in the study. The data were collected from August 5 to 29, 2019. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analyses based on Baron and Kenny criterion. @*Results@#Psychological stress was significantly negatively correlated with resilience (r=-.21, p=.002) and significantly positively correlated with burnout (r=.70, p<.001). Resilience was also significantly negatively correlated with burnout (r=-.30, p<.001). Furthermore, resilience (β=-0.17, p<.001) had a significant partial mediating effect on the relationship between psychological stress and burnout (Z=2.35, p=.018). @*Conclusion@#Our study findings suggest that resilience plays an important role to maintain well-being and cope productively of workers with violence experiences. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a intervention program that can enhance the resilience to cope positively for the workers with violence experiences in community mental health welfare center.

Mediating Effect of Resilience on the Relationship between Psychological Stress and Burnout among Workers with Violence Experiences in Community Mental Health Welfare Center / 정신간호학회지

Purpose@#This study was conducted to examine the mediating effect of resilience on the relationship between psychological stress and burnout among workers with violence experiences in community mental health welfare center. @*Methods@#A descriptive correlational design was employed. Two hundred and twenty-four workers who had violence experiences from clients participated in the study. The data were collected from August 5 to 29, 2019. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analyses based on Baron and Kenny criterion. @*Results@#Psychological stress was significantly negatively correlated with resilience (r=-.21, p=.002) and significantly positively correlated with burnout (r=.70, p<.001). Resilience was also significantly negatively correlated with burnout (r=-.30, p<.001). Furthermore, resilience (β=-0.17, p<.001) had a significant partial mediating effect on the relationship between psychological stress and burnout (Z=2.35, p=.018). @*Conclusion@#Our study findings suggest that resilience plays an important role to maintain well-being and cope productively of workers with violence experiences. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a intervention program that can enhance the resilience to cope positively for the workers with violence experiences in community mental health welfare center.

Mediating Effect of Meaning in Life on the Relationship between Social Connectedness and Depression among Middle-aged Women / 정신간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to examine the mediating effect of meaning in life on the relationship between social connectedness and depression among middle-aged women.METHODS: A descriptive correlational design was employed. One hundred and forty-two middle-aged women who visited welfare centers or churches in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province participated in the study. The data were collected from May to June, 2019 and analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple linear regression analyses based on Baron and Kenny criteria.RESULTS: Social connectedness was significantly positively correlated with meaning in life (r=.52, p < .001) and negatively with depression (r=−.53, p < .001). Meaning in life was also significantly negatively correlated with depression (r=−.50, p < .001). Furthermore, meaning in life had a significant mediating effect on the relationship between social connectedness and depression (β=−.31, p < .001).CONCLUSION: Our study findings suggest that meaning in life plays an important role in maintaining mental health and well-being for middle-aged women. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a nursing intervention program that can enhance the meaning in life to promote mental health and well-being.

The Effects of Laughter Therapy Program on Perceived Stress, and Psycho-Neuro-Endocrino-Immuno Responses in Obese Women

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the laughter therapy program on perceived stress and psycho-neuro-endocrine-immune responses in obese women. METHODS: A nonequivalent control group with a pretest-posttest design was used. The participants (n=60), whose age ranged from 30 to 50 years (pre-menopausal and body mass index of over 25 kg/m2), were assigned to the experimental group (n=24) or control group (n=26). The experimental group was provided with the laughter therapy program (12 sessions) for 6 weeks. RESULTS: There were significant differences in perceived stress, psychological stress response, fasting blood sugar, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha between the two groups after the program. However, there were no significant differences in normalized low frequency (norm LF), normalized high frequency (norm HF), LF/HF ratio, and cortisol between the two groups after the program. CONCLUSION: It was found that the laughter therapy program had positive effects on some variables in terms of perceived stress and psycho-neuro-endocrine-immuno responses. It is suggested that the laughter therapy in this study can provide the direction for developing a program for obese women.

Effects of the Mental Health Promotion Program based on Positive Psychology for Adolescents with Problem Behavior / 한국간호교육학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the mental health promotion program based on Positive Psychology for adolescents with problem behavior. METHODS: The study used a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Eligible participants were first grade students in two high schools in K Province. The inclusion criteria for the study were those with scores in the upper 15% on the Korean Youth Self-Report. A total of 74 participants were assigned to an 8-session program (n=38) or to a control (n=36) group. The outcome variables were psychological well-being, depression, and self-esteem. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in demographic variables or outcome variables, except self-esteem, between the two groups at the baseline. The experimental group had higher mean scores on psychological well-being and self-esteem and a lower mean score on depression. There were significant differences in psychological well-being (t=3.45, p=.001), self-esteem (F=5.45, p=.022), and depression (t=-2.80, p=.007) between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The mental health promotion program based on Positive Psychology was effective in decreasing depression as well as improving psychological well-being and self-esteem for adolescents with problem behavior. This study contributes to suggesting a framework for promoting mental health for high school students with problem behavior.

Influencing Factors on Externalized and Internalized Problem Behaviors among Adolescents: Focused on First Grade High School Students / 한국간호교육학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influencing factors on externalized and internalized problem behaviors among high school students. METHODS: The subjects for this study were 707 students in two high schools in K province. The data were collected during the period from October to November, 2014 by use of questionnaires. The instruments used were the Korean Youth Self-report, Daily Hassles Questionnaire, State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory, and Ego Resiliency Scale. The data were analyzed using SPSS. RESULTS: Significant predictors to explain externalized problem behaviors comprised anger-out, anger-in, anger-control, relation with parents, daily stress, and religion. It was found that these factors explained 46% of externalized problem behavior. Ego resiliency, anger-in, daily stress, gender, relation with parent, and anger-out were significant predictors to explain internalized problem behaviors. It was found that these factors explained 45% of internalized problem behaviors. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the influencing factors on problem behaviors differ from externalized and internalized problem behaviors. So these findings will provide the basic data to develop a program that is differentiated by problem behavior type.

Mediating Effect of Therapeutic Relationship with Mental Health Professionals in the Relation between Hope and Recovery of Community Dwelling Patients with a Mental Illness / 정신간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to examine the association among therapeutic relationship with mental health professionals, hope, and recovery, and to explore the mediation of therapeutic relationship with mental health professionals in the relation between hope and recovery in South Korean patients with a mental illness. METHODS: A cross-sectional study design was employed. Eligible participants were 99 people with a mental illness who were enrolled as members at two Community Mental Health Centers in Gyeonggi Province. Data were collected from October, 4 to 14, 2011. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: Hope was positively correlated with recovery, and therapeutic relationship with mental health professionals was also positively associated with recovery. The mediating effect of therapeutic relationship with mental health professionals was found in the relation between hope and recovery. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that therapeutic relationship with mental health professionals plays an important role in promoting recovery of the patients with a mental illness. Therefore, mental health professionals should focus on developing a therapeutic relationship with their clients and also consider these recovery-related factors for persons who have a mental illness.

Factors influencing on Recovery in Alcohol Dependent Patients / 재활간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate influencing factors on recovery among alcoholics. METHODS: The participants were 123 hospitalized patients with alcohol use disorder in two hospitals in Gyeonggi province. The data were collected from May 16 to June 4, 2012 using self-report questionnaires including Hanil Alcohol Insight Scale, Alcohol Abstinence Self-Efficacy Scale, and Recovery Scale. The data were analyzed using the SPSS/Win 18.0 program with descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient and regression analysis. RESULTS: Recovery is positively related to abstinence self-efficacy and duration of abstinence. Recovery differed by insight type, gender, and occupation. Insight, duration of abstinence, gender, and occupation accounted for 59.1% of the variance in recovery of the alcoholics. CONCLUSION: The influencing factors on recovery among alcoholics were insight, duration of abstinence, gender, and occupation. Programs focusing on insight, abstinence self-efficacy, and abstinence maintenance should be developed and provided. When developing the programs, the environmental context in which the alcoholics work should be considered.

The Lived Experience of Stigma among Mentally Ill Persons

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore the subjective experiences of stigma among mentally ill persons. METHODS: Phenomenological methodology was used for the study. Participants were twelve people with mental illness enrolled at the S community mental health center in GyeongGi-Do. Data were collected via in-depth interviews from August 30 to October 1, 2010 and analyzed using Colaizzi's framework. RESULTS: Four themes and sixteen formulated meanings were identified for the stigma experiences of participants with mental illness. The four themes were 'Incapable of struggling against unfair treatment', 'Living as an outsider', 'Being constrained by oneself', 'Being in suspense over disclosure of oneself'. CONCLUSION: The results from this study underscore the need for an educational and awareness programs to reduce public stigma among the general population and self-stigma among people with mental illness. In addition, efforts are also needed to prioritize mental illness stigma as a major public health issue at the government and community level.

Factors Predicting Depressive Symptoms in Employed Women: Comparison between Single and Married Employed Women in Korea / 정신간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was done to compare factors predicting depressive symptoms in single and married employed women. METHODS: A comparative study using a cross-sectional survey design was used. The participants were 373 single and 355 married women. Measurements used for this study were demographic and work-related characteristics, physical conditions, self-efficacy, stressful life events, and depression. The SAS 9.1 program was used for descriptive statistics, chi2 test, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis, and stepwise- multiple regression. RESULTS: Single employed women (SEW) had higher scores for stressful life events than married employed women (MEW), but there was no difference in depression between the groups. In examining the factors predicting depression, stressful life events and self-efficacy explained a portion of the variance in depression for both groups. Family monthly income and working hours were significant variables for SEW, while satisfaction with marriage and role as wife was significant for MEW. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the mental health of MEW is not worse than it is for SEW, and they do not suffer from multi-role strain. Although different variables explained depression for these women, family-related factors are especially important to MEW.

Mediating Effect of Self-efficacy in the Relationship between Irrational Belief and Mental Health of Korean Soldiers / 정신간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was done to examine the association among irrational belief, mental health, and self-efficacy, and explored the mediation of self-efficacy in the relationship between irrational belief and mental health of Korean soldiers. METHODS: A cross sectional study design was employed. The participants were 118 soldiers who signed consent forms. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: Irrational beliefs were positively correlated with mental health problems, and self-efficacy was negatively correlated with irrational beliefs and mental health problems. Self-efficacy acted as a mediator in the relationship between irrational beliefs and mental health problems. CONCLUSION: The study results suggest that effective interventions to reduce mental health problems of soldiers should apply strategies to change irrational belief and increase self efficacy. These results also provide more empirical support to the hypothesis that self-efficacy serves as a mediator in a mental health.

The Effects of Daughter's Breast Health Education on Mother's Breast Cancer Screening Attitude

PURPOSE: This study was to explore the effects of breast cancer education for college students on their mother's breast cancer screening promotion. METHODS: This study used a one-group pretest and posttest design. Data were collected from September to November, 2007 from a sample of 80 college students and their mothers using a survey questionnaire, which asked about demographic variables, concerns over health and breast cancer, communication, stage of change and attitude (pros and cons) related to breast cancer, and confidence in breast self-examination. The college students received education about breast cancer for 50 minutes and then they educated their mothers about breast cancer. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and paired t-test. RESULTS: The mean age of the college students was 22.0 years, and that of their mothers 49.4 years with a range from 43 to 58 years. After receiving education on breast cancer, there were significant changes in the mean scores of concerns about health and breast cancer, communication, pros in mammography, and confidence in practicing breast self-examination. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that education on breast cancer to mothers through their college-age daughters is effective and can be utilized to promote breast cancer screening for women.

Analysis of Research Papers Published in the Journal of the Korean Academy of Nursing-Focused on Research Trends, Intervention Studies, and Level of Evidence in the Research

PURPOSE: This study aimed was done to analyze recent trends in nursing research published in the Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing by focusing on the content of nursing interventions and their level of evidence. METHODS: A total of 209 studies published between 2007 and 2008 were reviewed using analysis criteria developed by the researchers. RESULTS: The number of quantitative studies was greater than that of qualitative studies. There was a slight increase in the number of qualitative studies and studies including elderly populations, which reflects the recent population trend in Korea. More randomized controlled trials with a low risk of bias were needed to support more evidence-based nursing practice. Concerning the low rate of ethical consideration, stricter application of research ethics needs to be encouraged. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study suggest the recent trends in nursing research and the direction of nursing research and review in the Journal.

The Effects of Cognitive Behavioral Anger Management Program on Self-consciousness and Anger in Korean Military Man / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate a cognitive behavioral anger management intervention in order to increase self-consciousness and decrease anger among Korean military men. METHODS: A quasi-experimental design was used for this study. Ninety two soldiers were screened for unhealthy anger expression using a questionnaire. Among them, 26 soldiers who showed unhealthy anger expression were selected for this study. They were matched by rank and assigned to either a treatment or control group. The treatment group received the intervention three consecutive times, once a week and for 120 minutes per session. Participants were assessed before and after the intervention for anger (the State-Trait Anger Scale) and self-consciousness (Self-consciousness Scale). Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square-test, Mann-Whitney test, and Wilcox on signed rank test. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant decrease in anger or increase in self-consciousness between the two groups following treatment. However, there was a significant increase in private self-consciousness in the treatment group after the intervention(p=.006). CONCLUSION: The cognitive behavioral anger management program improves private self-consciousness in soldiers. However, Additional research is needed to explore whether long-term intervention is more effective for anger control in the military setting. The findings from this study suggest that more attention should be given to mental health care for Korean soldiers.

Analysis of Review Contents of the Submitted Papers in Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing: Focus: The Submitted Papers in 2003 / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: The objective of the study is to analyze the review contents of reviewers for the submitted papers in the Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing in 2003. METHOD: The review contents of the 165 papers were selected 217 papers that were submitted in 2003. Among those 165 papers, the 21 papers belonged to the 'Do not publish' list and 17 papers, 'Revise manuscript and resubmit', list and the 94 papers, 'Publish if revisions are made' list. There are more than two level differences among the four levels of decision in acceptance of publication in 33 papers. RESULTS: The analysis of the review contents for the papers were suggested according to review categories : introduction, method, results, discussion and conclusion. In addition, if papers had more than two levels of review they were rated poor accord or inconsistent. CONCLUSION: For the quality of the academic journal and development of the nursing science, it is important to disseminate and publish the research paper. Therefore, review of the submitted paper is also important. Implications for the profitable review were suggested in the study.