[ effects of cosmetic surgery on patients' self-esteem and negative image of themselves]

The present study aimed to examine the effect of cosmetic surgery on self-esteem and body image of those who have undergone rhinoplasty. In a quasi-experimental design, and using convenience sampling, 45 participants were selected from the waiting lists of rhinoplasty cosmetic surgery, general operation, and from those who were not waiting for any type of operation. The participants were allocated to two experimental groups of nasoplasty and general operation, and to one control group. The indices of self-esteem and negative image of themselves are measured at three stages; before the operation, and in one week and two months follow-up. Self-esteem and body image data for pre-operation, one week after operation, and two months follow-up are subjected to descriptive statistics and repeated measures ANOVA. There were significant differences among the three stages of measurements in self-esteem and negative image of themselves only for the cosmetic surgery group. In addition, there were significant differences in the body image of the Rhinoplaty group at three stages of measurement. Cosmetic surgery can cause mental changes such as feelings of competence and self-esteem and improves negative image

Intestinal obstruction in acute inhalational toluene 2, 4-diisocyanate gas toxicity

The isocyanates are widely used as precursors of polyurethane products, as well as carbamate insecticides. Toluene 2, 4-diisocyanate [TDI] is one of the most important commercially used isocyanates. Humans may be exposed to TDI by inhalation, ingestion, dermal and eye contact. TDI is a powerful irritant to the mucosal membranes of the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts, eyes and the skin. Pulmonary manifestations, especially occupational asthma, are the predominant manifestations after TDI toxicity. Herein, we present intestinal obstruction as an extraordinary manifestation of acute TDI toxicity after occupational exposure. TDI toxicity may cause intestinal obstruction

[Evaluation of discontinuation of antibacterial prophylaxis in children with vesicoureteral reflux]

Vesicoureteral reflex is the most important factor in urinary tract infection. For prevention of urinary tract infection [UTI] in children with vesicoureteral reflux [VUR], prophylactic antibiotics are used, but maybe accompany with uncompliance of the parents and also it must use for long time. So, this study aimed at comporison of evaluation of discontinuation of antibacterial prophylaxis in children with VUR. This semi experimental study was done in 54 children with low grade VUR [1, 2] and higher than 5 years old. None of them have had any episode of UTI since last year. They were divided in two groups, continue and discontinue of prophylactic drugs and were followed for at least one year. Then the risk and episode of recurrent UTI were compared in 2 groups. The data were analyzed by SPSS and P<0.05 was determined as significant. Mean age of patients were 7.8 +/- 2.5 years. Forty two [77.8%] children were girls and others [22.2%] were boys. Five episode of UTI were diagnosed in first group and 7 episodes for second group [P>0.05]. Also the risk of recurrent UTI was 1.5 time in girls. According to this study, discontinuing of prophylactic drug in children with grade I and grade II of VUR and after 5 years old is safe and there isn't increased risk of recurrent UTI

[Study of the vascular system of bovine hind limb claw by means of corrosion casting method]

The importance of vessel structure has been shown in pathogenesis of the equine and bovine laminitis. Investigation on vessel structures is necessary to diagnose the mechanism of laminitis. Due to lack of literature on ovine digital arteries. Ovine digital vessels were studied using corrosion casting method. The hind limbs of 15 lambs of 3 months ages were separated from tarsus joint. After the dissection of dorsal metatarsal artery, normal saline and resin metacrylat were injected into the vessels. In this species, the dorsal common digital artery and common plantar digital artery have the main function in blood supply. One branch runs to the heel bulb and the other runs to the axial wall and sole. The third branch of these arteries is responsible to blood supply of periople tissue. The common dorsal digital artery and abaxial proper digital artery drain all venous blood from the claw. The dorsal proper digital artery arises from the numerous smaller veins which are joined to form the deep and superficial venous networks of coronary margin and wall. This vein delivers blood to the common dorsal digital artery. The axial proper plantar vein drained into the abaxial proper plantar vein. Two main vessels which arise from venous network of wall, sole and plantar surface of the bulb, drain into the abaxial proper plantar vein