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Intramural metastasis (IM) is defined as metastatic tumor from the primary tumor to the digestive tracts through the intramural lymphatic system. It can occur in esophageal, gastric and colorectal carcinomas, especially in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. The combination of histological morphological evaluation and molecular pathology can assist in the identification of IM and multiple primary carcinomas (MPCs). IM is usually associated with a poor prognosis and also affects the treatment. This article reviews the anatomical and histological basis, clinicopathological characteristics, treatment and prognosis of IM in ESCC, the identification of IM and MPCs and how to improve the detection rate of IM, to guide accurate diagnosis and treatment.
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The "Medium and Long-term Plan for the Prevention and Control of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases in Shanghai (2018-2030)" was officially released in August 2018.From the perspective of public health, this paper analyzes the background of the plan from the epidemic situation, response and challenges Shanghai City is facing, expounds the comprehensive prevention and control system of chronic diseases including four functional systems, and explains the key preventive and control measures on the different stages of chronic diseases, comparing the evaluation indicators with those of the national plan.This paper will help to better understand the new blueprint for the prevention and control of chronic diseases in Shanghai in the next ten years.
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At present, hepatitis B cirrhosis still has a major impact on public health and national development. The development and progression of hepatitis B cirrhosis is associated with estrogen. Estrogen acts by binding to estrogen receptors, and the expression and functional status of estrogen receptors are affected by estrogen receptor gene polymorphisms. This article mainly introduces the structure and biological characteristics of estrogen and estrogen receptor α gene and their association with the pathogenesis of hepatitis B cirrhosis, and it is pointed out that the abnormal expression of estrogen may be associated with the development and progression of hepatitis B cirrhosis. However, due to the differences in genetic loci, environment, and location between studies, the results of the association of estrogen receptor α gene polymorphisms with hepatitis B cirrhosis may not be completely consistent.
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Objective::To determine whether the main components of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma can improve insulin resistance by regulating glycogen synthesis, glycolysis pathway and fatty acid synthesis in myoblasts of L6 rat myoblasts. Method::Insulin resistance (IR) model of L6 rat myoblasts was established through incubation with 0.05 mmol·L-1 palmitic acid (PA) for 9 hours. Normal group, model group, glycyrrhizic acid (GA, 25 μmol·L-1) group, 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (18β-GA, 25 μmol·L-1) group, isoliquiritigenin (ILG, 25 μmol·L-1) group and isoliquiritin (ILQ, 25 μmol·L-1) group were set up, glucose content in supernatant of cell culture medium was detected by glucose kit, myoblasts glycogen content was determined by glycogen detection kit, protein expression levels of Sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c(SREBP-1c), fatty acid synthetase (FAS) and glycogen synthase kinase3β(GSK3β) were detected by Western blot, and the mRNA expressions of key enzymes in glycolysis were detected by quantitative real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction(Real-time PCR). Result::Compared with those in the normal group, the glucose consumption rate was significantly down-regulated in model group (P<0.01), the glycogen content was decreased (P<0.05), the protein expressions of Sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) were decreased (P<0.05, P<0.01), the mRNA expressions of fructose phosphate kinase 1 (PFK1), pyruvate kinase (PK) and hexokinase (HK) were down-regulated (P<0.05), and the protein expression of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3β) protein was increased (P<0.05). Compared with model group, GA, 18β-GA and ILG could significantly increase glycogen content in myoblasts of IR-L6 rats (P<0.05, P<0.01). GA, 18β-GA and ILQ could significantly increase the expression of SREBP-1c (P<0.05, P<0.01), and GA, 18β-GA, ILG and ILQ could significantly increase the expression of FAS (P<0.05, P<0.01), the mRNA expressions of PFK1, PK and HK (P<0.05, P<0.01), and down-regulate the protein expression of GSK3β (P<0.05). Conclusion::The main components of licorice improve the insulin resistance by promoting glycolysis and glycogen synthesis and regulating fatty acid synthesis.
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Objective@#To explore potential therapeutic targets for neonatal hypoxic brain injury, we analyzed the effects of hypoxia on the gene expression profiles and signaling pathway in 3D cultured cerebral cortex cells.@*Methods@#R studio software was used to analyze the differentially expressed genes of hypoxia treated cerebral cortex cell data (GSE112137) which was downloaded from GEO database. Gene Oncology and KEGG software were used to enrich the molecular function, biological process and signaling pathways of differentially expressed genes. Then String and Cytoscape software were adapted to analyzed gene interaction network between these genes.@*Results@#There were 395 increasing genes and 185 decreasing genes (Change Fold≥2) were identified in hypoxic cerebral cells compared with the control groups. Most elevated genes were mainly related with molecular function including dioxygenase activity, isomerase activity and misfolded protein binding, while the decreasing genes were enriched in RNA polymerase Ⅱ proximal promoter sequence-specific DNA binding. Biological process enrichment analysis revealed that hypoxia up-regulated genes were associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidation-reduction process and glycolysis, while down-regulated genes were involved in the progress of neural development and cell differentiation. KEGG pathway enrichment results indicated hypoxia increasing genes were mainly related with endoplasmic reticulum protein processing, glycolysis, amino acid biosynthesis, and decreasing genes were mainly enriched in Parkinson′s disease signaling pathway.@*Conclusions@#Hypoxia in human cerebral cortex cells could cause endoplasmic reticulum stress, protein misfolding and metabolic abnormalities, inhibited the development of neuron cells. Drugs targeting these process may be beneficial to alleviate cerebral hypoxia injury.
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Objective To explore potential therapeutic targets for neonatal hypoxic brain injury,we analyzed the effects of hypoxia on the gene expression profiles and signaling pathway in 3D cultured cerebral cortex cells.Methods R studio software was used to analyze the differentially expressed genes of hypoxia treated cerebral cortex cell data (GSE112137) which was downloaded from GEO database.Gene Oncology and KEGG software were used to enrich the molecular function,biological process and signaling pathways of differentially expressed genes.Then String and Cytoscape software were adapted to analyzed gene interaction network between these genes.Results There were 395 increasing genes and 185 decreasing genes (Change Fold ≥2) were identified in hypoxic cerebral cells compared with the control groups.Most elevated genes were mainly related with molecular function including dioxygenase activity,isomerase activity and misfolded protein binding,while the decreasing genes were enriched in RNA polymerase Ⅱ proximal promoter sequence-specific DNA binding.Biological process enrichment analysis revealed that hypoxia up-regulated genes were associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress,oxidation-reduction process and glycolysis,while down-regulated genes were involved in the progress of neural development and cell differentiation.KEGG pathway enrichment results indicated hypoxia increasing genes were mainly related with endoplasmic reticulum protein processing,glycolysis,amino acid biosynthesis,and decreasing genes were mainly enriched in Parkinson's disease signaling pathway.Conclusions Hypoxia in human cerebral cortex cells could cause endoplasmic reticulum stress,protein misfolding and metabolic abnormalities,inhibited the development of neuron cells.Drugs targeting these process may be beneficial to alleviate cerebral hypoxia injury.
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Objective To find potential effective immunotherapy targets for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) by analyzing the expression and clinical significance of different immune checkpoints.Methods Gene expression profiles of AML cell lines (GSE57083) and tissues (GSE37642) were downloaded from GEO database.Then different immune checkpoints expression and clinical significance were analyzed with R studio and GraphPad software.Results In 16 AML cell lines,the expression rank of 11 immune checkpoints genes was LGALS9,PVRL2,PVR,PDCD1,TIM3,CTLA4,PDL1,GITR,LAG3,PDL2,GITRL,and among which LGALS9,PVRL2,GITR had larger variation between different cells.In AML tissues,the expression rank of immune checkpoint was LGALS9,PVRL2,TIM3,PDCD1,CTLA4,LAG3,GITR,PDL1,PVR,GITRL,PDL2.Survival analysis revealed high expression of PVR and LGALS9 was associated with poor prognosis,while the survival time had no significant difference in other genes.Conclusions PVR is highly expressed in AML tumor cells,and LGALS9 is highly expressed in both AML tumor cells and tissues.High expression of PVR and LGALS9 is associated with poor prognosis of AML patients,which may be a potential effective immunotherapy target for AML.
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Objective To analyze the expression and clinical significance of exonucleotide pyro-phosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 (ENPP2) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and to ex-plore its potential molecular mechanism. Methods The expression profiles of ENPP2 in different normal tissues was analyzed with GTEx database. Rstudio and Graphpad were used to analyze ENPP2 expression, genomic mutations and survival curve in data from GEO and TCGA databases, and the signaling pathway as-sociated with ENPP2 expression were further analyzed with GSEA enrichment software. Results In normal tissues, ENPP2 was mainly expressed in fat, brain and uterus;the expression in acute myeloid leukemia tis-sues was higher than that in donors. Only 0. 5％ of patients in 187 TCGA genomic data had gene amplifica-tion, there was no gene mutations and deletions. ENPP2 expression in recurrent AML was significantly high-er than primary patients, and its high expression was associated with poor prognosis. Gene enrichment anal-ysis shows high ENPP2 group isenriched in autoimmune diseases, cytokine receptor activation pathway, and low ENPP2 was enriched in DNA replication, cell cycle pathways. ENPP2 was also involved in the pathway that associated with retinoic acid and glucocorticoids treatment. Conclusions ENPP2 is highly expressed in AML patients and is associated with recurrence and poor prognosis of AML. The main molecular mecha-nism of ENPP2 in AML may be related to autoimmune response and drug treatment response, ENPP2 is a potential therapy target of AML.
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Objective: To study the effects of regenerated tissue extracts after liver injury on the proliferation, differentiation, migration and invasion of SK-HEP1 cells. Methods: Regenerated tissue extracts after liver injury were used to induce SK-HEP1 cells after enrichment, their effects on the proliferation, differentiation, migration and invasion of SK-HEP1 cells were observed through in vitro cell culture, MTT, flow cytometry and transwell assays. Results: In response to the action of regenerated tissue extracts after liver injury, SK-HEP1 cells were blocked in G
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Objective:To study the effects of regenerated tissue extracts after liver injury on the proliferation, differentiation, migration and invasion of SK-HEP1 cells.Methods:Regenerated tissue extracts after liver injury were used to induce SK-HEP1 cells after enrichment, their effects on the proliferation, differentiation, migration and invasion of SK-HEP1 cells were observed through in vitro cell culture, MTT, flow cytometry and transwell assays.Results:In response to the action of regenerated tissue extracts after liver injury, SK-HEP1 cells were blocked in GConclusions:To a certain extent, regenerated tissue extracts after liver injury can inhibit the proliferation, differentiation, migration and invasion of hepatoma cells, showing an important potential of being a differentiating agent for the treatment of liver cancer.
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[Objective]To investigate the influence of healthy walking intervention on risk factors of noncommunicable chronic disease in occupational population, and to explore the suitable mode of exercise intervention for occupational population in Shanghai. [Methods]Before and after healthy walking intervention were compared the changes of body weight, BMI, waist circumference, body fat rate, visceral fat index, over-weight and obesity rate, central obesity rate, blood-pressure controlling rate. [Results]Weight, BMI, waist circumference, body fat percentage, viscera index, SBP and DBP all reduced after100 days of healthy walking, and the results were (1.52 ± 2.75) kg (Z =-21.99, P < 0.01) , (0.55 ±1.03) kg/m2 (Z =-21.64, P<0.01) , (2.10±5.27) cm (Z =-17.62, P<0.01) , (0.31±4.59) ％ (Z=-3.48, P < 0.01) , (0.12 ± 1.99) (Z =-2.70, P < 0.01) , (2.51 ± 10.87) mm Hg (Z =-9.35, P <0.01) and (1.67±8.26) mm Hg (Z =-9.06, P < 0.01). The rate of over-weight and obesity decreased7.86％, the rate of central obesity decreased 6.92％, and the rate of blood-pressure controlling increased2.72％. There were significant difference between the three indicators before and after healthy walking (χ2= 916.48, P< 0.01; χ2= 585.90, P < 0.01; χ2= 366.37, P < 0.01). [Conclusion] Healthy walking could reduce occupational population' s over-weight and obesity rate, central obesity rate, and increase blood-pressure controlling rate. The risk factors of un-communicable chronic disease have improved significantly. Healthy walking plays a positive role in the prevention and control of chronic diseases.
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Objective The influenza A (H1N1) virus has the characteristic of strong infectiousness and variation. It can threaten the lives of patients. In this paper,we investigated the expression of programmed cell death molecule 5 (PDCD5) in peripheral blood of patients with influenza A (H1N1) and its correlation with the severity of disease. Methods The data of 104 patients with influenza A (H1N1) treated in Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University from January 2015 to December 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. The 104 patients were divided into the mild H1N1 group (n=78) and the severe H1N1 group (n=26). At the same time,104 healthy physical examination subjects were selected as control group. The blood routine,lymphocyte count and PDCD level were observed in three groups. Results The number of leukocytes,neutrophils and lymphocytes of the mild H1N1 group and severe H1N1 group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). The number of leukocytes,neutrophils and lymphocytes of the severe H1N1 group were significantly lower than those of the mild H1N1 group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in mononuclear cells between three groups (P>0.05). The levels of PDCD5 and lymphocyte apoptosis rate of the mild H1N1 group and severe H1N1 group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05) ,the severe H1N1 group was significantly higher than the mild H1N1 group (P<0.05). The total T cells,CD4+T cells and CD8+T cells of the mild H1N1 group and severe H1N1 group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). The total T cells,CD4+T cells and CD8+T cells of the severe H1N1 group were significantly lower than those of the mild H1N1 group and con-trol group (P<0.05). The level of PDCD5 was positively correlated with the severity of disease and the rate of lymphocyte apoptosis (r=0.872,0.904,P<0.05),and negatively correlated with total T cells,CD4+T cells and CD8+T cells (r=-0.842,-0.805,-0.877,P<0.05). The sensitivity,specificity and area under the curve of PDCD5 to prediction of severe type H1N1 were 92.31%,97.25% and 0.941,respectively. Conclusion The level of peripheral blood PDCD5 in patients with influenza A (H1N1) virus in-fection is associated with the severity of the disease,and it can be considered as an important biomarker to predict severe influenza A (H1N1).
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Objective To develop europium (Ⅲ) [Eu (Ⅲ)] chelated microparticles for homogeneous immunoassay.Methods Anti-human PCT antibodies were labeled with Eu (Ⅲ) chelated nanoscale microparticles as the detection antibody,and another anti-human PCT antibody was labeled with biotin as the solid-phase antibody.Magnetic microspheres labeled with streptavidin were used to separate the complexes of Eu-IgM-PCT-IgM-Biotin.Results In the homogeneous immunoassay,the standard curve fit was not linear.The quadratic curve was Y =19170.12 + 75493.74X-26.00X2(r =0.9986).According to the standard curve,the limit of detection for PCT was 0.04 ng/ml.Conclusion The homogeneous immunoassay which uses Eu (Ⅲ) chelated microparticles is highly sensitive for detection of PCT recombinant antigens and may serve as a promising method to measure serum PCT levels in the future.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the value of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI),H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) and 3D whole-brain arterial spin labeling (3D ASL) in the diagnosis of medulloblastoma in the posterior cranial fossa.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of 16 patients with pathologically confirmed medulloblastoma in the posterior cranial fossa were analyzed retrospectively. All the patients were examined with plane and enhanced brain MRI scans; 5 patients also underwent examinations with DWI, 12 with MRS, and 5 with 3D ASL.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Medulloblastomas were found in the vermis and the fourth ventricle in 9 cases, in the cerebellar hemisphere in 5 cases, and in the cerebellopontine angle in 1 case; in 1 case multiple lesions were detected. The tumors showed iso-intense or slightly hypo-intense signals on TWI, and iso-intense or hyper-intense signals on TWI and FLAIR. The lesions showed high signals in DWI and low signals in ADC. Intra-lesion cysts were common (n=12), and calcification and bleeding were rarely seen. Mild patchy enhancement (n=6) or significant enhancement (n=10) was seen after contrast agent administration. Obstructive hydrocephalus was found in 12 cases and the subarachnoid space was involved in 3 cases. In all the 12 patients receiving MRS examination, high Cho and low NAA were found with significantly increased Cho/Cr (≥3.5) and Cho/NAA (≥4.0) ratios; Tau peak was seen in 8 cases, and Lip peak was found in 4 cases. All the 5 patients receiving 3D ASL examination showed decreased cerebral blood flow (CBF).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The characteristic features of medulloblastomas in DWI, MRS and 3D ASL offer assistance to the diagnosis of atypical medulloblastoma.</p>
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AIM: To observe clinical efficacy of the intravitreal injection of conbercept treatment for exudative age -related macular degeneration. METHODS:Prospective study. Totally 112 senile patients (112 eyes) with exudative macular degeneration were randomly divided into study group and the control group, 56 cases in each group. The study group were treated with intravitreal injection of conbercept. The control group received conservative treatment. Uncorrected visual acuity and foveal retinal thickness were observed before and after treatment in the two groups. RESULTS: Visual acuity of study group improved significantly, and the most obvious improvement was observed at 6mo after treatment. Foveal retinal thickness of study group was reduced after treatment, and the most obvious decrease was observed at 6mo after treatment.CONCLUSION: Intravitreal injection of conbercept can improve visual acuity reduced foveal thickness in senile patients with exudative age - related macular degeneration.
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Non-communicable disease ( NCD) is the major threat to citizens in public health.Under the leadership of local authorities and in accordance with rules and regulations, the Shanghai Municipal Government is undertaking the responsibility of establishing public health system, developing national model city of NCD prevention and control, integrating NCD treatment and prevention approaches, innovating new model of communication, motivating healthy lifestyle, and promoting “Internet +”practice, so as to improve health care management of NCD in all phases.
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Objective To understand the status of community-based management of hypertensive patients aged thirty-five or above in Shanghai . Methods Data from Shanghai Chronic Disease and Risk Factors Surveillance carried out in 2013 were used to analyze the community-based management and treat-ment and control of blood pressure of hypertensive patients aged thirty-five or above in Shanghai .Sample was weighted according to complex sampling scheme and post-stratification to calculate the rates with95 %confidence intervals ( CI) for the subgroups according to different characteristics .The Rao-Scottχ2 test was performed to test for the differences of the rates of the subgroups . Results There were 10 510 hyperten-sion patients were included in the study among which 7 343 patients were aware of their diagnosis , and a total of 3 815 patients had been under management in communities .After being weighted the rate of management of hypertensive patients in communities was 49.74%(95%CI:45.66%-53.83%).There was a significant difference in the proportion of patients receiving management services when comparing different age groups (χ2 =68 .120 , P=0 .002 ) , the rate of management among the patients aged sixty-five or above was 55.49%(95%CI:51.58%-59.32%), while among the patients aged thirty-five to forty-four was only 41.20% (95%CI: 30.73% -52.54%).The rate of management among females was 51.12%(95%CI:47.17%-55.05%), while males was 48.46% (95%CI:43.34%-53.61%), with no statistical significance (χ2 =5.194, P =0.216 ).The rates of management in urban areas , sub-urban areas and rural areas were 47 .66% ( 95%CI: 42 .55%-52 .82%) , 52 .92% ( 95%CI:43.41% -62.24%), 52.84% ( 95%CI: 44.96% -60.58%), respectively, with no statistical significance (χ2 =19 .281 , P =0 .432 ) . The follow-up rate in patients with hypertension under standardized management in communities was 21 .97%( 95%CI: 18 .61% -25 .74%) .There was a significant difference between different genders (χ2 =65.048, P =0.000 ).The rate of females was 27.42%(95%CI:227.7 %-32.61%), which was higher than the rate of males (16.61%,95%CI:13 .02%-209.3 %) .There were no significant differences among different age groups (χ2 =2 .017 , P=0 .834 ) and regions (χ2 =21 .244 , P=0 .111 ) .The treatment rate was 95 .47% ( 95%CI: 94 .08% -96 .54%) .There was a significant difference among different age groups (χ2 =403.46 , P=0 .006 ) .The treatment rate among the patients aged sixty-five or above was 96 .90% ( 95%CI:95 .39%-97 .93%) , while among the patients aged thirty-five to forty-four was 89.31%(95%CI:77.94% -95.19%).There were no significant differences among gender (χ2 =7.983 , P=0.055 ) and regions (χ2 =0.881, P=0 .807 ) .The control rate of hypertensive patients managed in communities was 38 .98% ( 95%CI:35 .55%-42 .51%) , There were no significant differences among different age groups (χ2 =23 .188 ,P=0.103), gender(χ2 =1.050,P =0.468) and regions( χ2 =0.529,P =0.938). Conclusion We should further expand the coverage of the standardized management of hypertension patients in the community , and make personalized intervention plan , so as to improve blood pressure control rates of hypertension patients in the community .
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Objective To explore the application of Framingham Stroke Risk Profile in elderly people. Methods A total of 5 148 people aged 55 years and older who received physical examination in a community were enrolled.Information of their healthy status and risk factors were collected by interview using a questionnaire.Height, weight, waist circumference (WC), and blood pressure as well as fasting plasma glucose ( FPG) , and serum lipid were measured. Results The average 10-year probabilities of stroke in elderly people were 9.79% in men and 6.20% in women ( P <0.05).Besides aging factor, higher risk probability in men might be related to their higher proportions of smoking and atrial fibrillation. In addition to blood pressure and FPG which were variables associated with risk profile, WC/height ratio ( WHR) and serum triglyceride level were associated with increased risk of stroke estimated by stroke risk profile (OR=1.598, 95%CI:1.371~1.864;OR=1.487, 95%CI:1.225~1.783), respectively. Conclusion Besides factors which had been included by risk profile, it is important to pay attention to weight control and triglyceride level.For elderly male, to quit smoking is an important measure that decreases their risk of stroke.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the intestinal expression of defensin-5 (RD-5), soluble phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) and lysozyme in acute liver failure (ALF) using rat models, and to determine the relation of these expressions to intestinal bacterial translocation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-eight healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into a control group (n=8) and a model group (n=40; intraperitoneal injection of 10% D-galactosamine). The model group was further divided into five subgroups according to the time lapse after model establishment (8, 16, 24, 48, and 72 hours). At the end of the experiments, homogenates of mesenteric lymph nodes, liver and spleen were cultured in agar for bacterial outgrowth.Hematoxylin-eosin stained sections of liver and terminal ileum were examined under an optical microscope to assess pathological changes. mRNA expression of RD-5, sPLA2 and lysozyme in the terminal ileum was determined by reverse transcription-polymerase reaction (RT-PCR), and protein expression of sPLA2 and lysozyme from the same anatomic location was determined by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Means between groups were compared with one-way analysis of variance.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>ALF was successfully induced in the D-galactosamine injected rats. No bacteria grew in the organ cultures from the control group, while 8.3%, 37.5% and 58.3% of the rats in the 24-, 48-and 72-hour model groups showed positive cultures. Despite this, the structure of the terminal ileum from the rats in the 72-hour model group was nearly intact, without obvious necrosis of mucosal epithelial cells. Expression of RD-5 and sPLA2 mRNA in the model groups gradually increased at early time points and peaked at 16 hours after induction of ALF (1.291+/-0.153 and 1.131+/-0.128), which was significantly higher than that detected in the control group (0.725+/-0.116 and 0.722+/-0.112, t=69.25, 95.71, all P<0.01). After that, the expression of RD-5 and sPLA2 mRNA progressively decreased, and by 72 hours after the induction of ALF, the expression (0.415+/-0.104 and 0.425+/-0.076) was significantly lower than that of the control group (t=31.55 and 44.98, all P<0.01). Lysozyme mRNA expression in the model group peaked at 8 hours after ALF induction (1.211+/-0.107), which was higher than that of the control group at this time point (0.853+/-0.093), and by 72 hours after ALF induction it declined to 0.704+/-0.103, which was significantly lower than that of the control group (t=9.224; all P=0.009). In addition, at 72 hours after ALF induction the protein expression of both lysozyme and sPLA2 was significantly lower in the model group (0.327+/-0.086 and 0.382+/-0.057) than in the control group (0.583+/-0.121 and 0.650+/-0.093, t=12.28 and 15.83, P=0.004 and 0.001). Similar results were obtained with immunohistochemical staining.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The function of the ileal mucosal immune barrier in the rat model of acute liver failure decreased, along with decreases in expression of RD-5, sPLA2 and lysozyme in the Paneth cells.At the same time, the rate of organ bacterial translocation increased without obvious injury to the intestinal mucosa structure.</p>
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Animals , Male , Rats , Bacterial Translocation , Defensins , Disease Models, Animal , Galactosamine , Injections, Intraperitoneal , Intestines , Liver Failure, Acute , Muramidase , Phospholipases A2 , Protein Precursors , RNA, Messenger , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
Objective To explore the expressions and clinical significance of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 and TLR4 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in Henoch-Schsnlein purpura nephritis (HSPN) children.Methods According to their 24-hour urinary albumin and whether children with HSP had renal damage or not,105 cases were divided into group A,B and C.Group A were children only with HSP but without renal damage,while group B were children only with HSPN not proteinuria and group C were children with both HSPN and proteinuria.Thirty healthy children were in healthy control group(group N).Flow cytometry (FCM) and real-time PCR detected the mRNA and protein expressions of TLR3 and TLR4 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.Results 1.The mRNA and protein expressions of TLR4 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were significantly higher in group A,B,C than those in group N (F =37.33,24.01,all P ＜ 0.05).The mRNA and protein expressions of TLR4 in group C were much higher than those in group A and B (all P ＜ 0.05).Meanwhile,there was no significant difference between group A and B(all P ＞0.05).2.Moreover,there was a positive relationship between protein expression of TLR4 and 24-hour urinary albumin in group C(r =0.69,P ＜ 0.01).3.Expression of TLR3 was of no significant difference in all groups(F =0.86,1.78,all P ＞ 0.05).4.The expression of TLR4 mRNA had a positive correlation with protein expression of TLR4(r =0.61,P ＜ 0.0 1).Conclusions Expressions of TLR4 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells significantly increased and had a positive correlation with urinary protein excretion from HSPN in children.This implied that aberrant activation of TLR4might be relevant to the development of HSPN.