Some cardiovascular and electrolyte changes in dogs as a result of interaction between cimetidine and halothane anaethesia

Cimetidine, an H2 receptor antagonist, used frequently now before anesthesia to prevent acid aspiration syndrome. Interaction between the drug and the anesthetics used is a possible incidence. Twelve dogs were anesthetized using thiopentone or thiopentone and halothane in oxygen, then cimetidine was given intravenously in a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight. Hemodynamic, electrocardiographic and electrolyte changes suggestive of pharmacokinetic and/or pharmacodynamic interaction were found

Cimetidine and infertility

Forty adult male rabbits were used in this work to study one of the most important side effects of cimetidine, which is infertility and try to explore the possible mechanisms of action. A significant increase in the serum levels of luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone and prolactin hormone and a decrease in serum testosterone were observed in the treated group as compared with the control group. Histological using the hematoxylin and eosin stain, the seminiferous tubules appeared nearly empty and some of them showed cell hypoplasia. Histochemical study showed decrease in the activity of succinic dehydrogenase enzyme, while a marked increase in the activity of acid phosphate and the nonspecific alpha esterase enzymes was observed in the treated group as compared with the control group. These results indicated that, cimetidine has direct toxic effects on the testicular tissue as well as an anti-androgenic effect

Cimetidine, histamine release and some elementary elements in the rabbit

An experimental design was done to evaluate the effect of cimetidine on histamine levels either in blood or in tissue and its effects on some elementary elements. Sixteen adult male rabbits were used in this experiment. A significant rise in blood and testicular histamine levels was observed following oral cimetidine administration for one month in a dose of 100 mg/kg/day. Also, a significant decrease in serum calcium and magnesium levels was noticed as compared with the control group, while nonsignificant changes were observed in the serum levels of copper, zinc and iron. The possible role of the above-mentioned changes in the occurrence of cimetidine induced adverse effects was discussed. It was also recommended that cimetidine should be prescribed with caution to those patients suffering from either sexual dysfunction or cardiac problems

Comparative study of the effects of antiepileptic drugs [diphenyl hydantoin and sodium valproic acid] on the thyroid function in rabbits

The effect of diphenyl hydantoin [DPH] and sodium valproic acid on serum T3, T4 and TSH of the thyroid gland was studied in 21 adult male rabbits receiving DPH and sodium valproic acid for three weeks treatment and was compared to controls. In the DPH treated group, serum T3, and T4 were significantly decreased, while serum TSH was significantly increase. Possible mechanisms underlying this antithyroid effect of DPH are then discussed. In the group of animals received sodium valproic acid, nonsignificant changes in the serum levels of T3,T4, and TSH were observed

Effect of a calcium channel blocker [nifedipine], a beta blocker [oxprenolol] and their combination on the cardiovascular system

Twenty-four adult male dogs were used for the determination of the effects of the nifedipine, oxprenolol and their combination on arterial blood pressure [BP], electrocardiographic changes [ECG], serum lipids free fatty acids [FFA], triglycerides, total cholesterol and lasting blood glucose levels. Nifedipine produced significant increase in heart rate [HR] with inverted T wave, FFA, triglycerides and fasting blood glucose levels. Administration of oxprenolol alone produced significant decrease in BP, HR with biphasic T wave, serum FFA, triglycerides, total cholesterol and fasting blood glucose levels. The effect of combined administration of both nifedipine and oxprenolol resulted in a significant decrease in BP and a nonsignificant change in serum FFA, triglycerides, total cholesterol and fasting blood glucose levels. No changes were recorded in the ECG tracings. The results were discussed

Effect of combined administration of two antibilharzial drugs [oxamniquine and praziquantel] on some liver and kidney functions tests in rabbits

The object of the study was to identify any toxic effects in using the antischistosomal drugs, oxamniquine and praziquantel, in combination on some liver an kidney functions. Ten adult male rabbits were used. The effect of combined administration off both oxamniquine and praziquantel resulted in a nonsignificant change in serum levels of glutamic pyruvic transaminase, blood urea, total proteins and creatinine. The results were discussed

Some side effects after the individual and combined administration of converting enzyme inhibitor [captopril] and anti-inflammatory drug [proquazone] on some kidney liver functions and blood picture in rabbits

The incidence of side effects of captopril are variable in the form of proteinuria and reultropenis, specially in patients with impaired renal functions, or those taking drugs which may affect the kidney, liver and blood as the anti-inflammatory drugs, e.g. proquazone. Proquazone should be used cautiously in patients with digestive disorders, kidney or liver insufficiency. Twenty-eight adult male rabbits were used in this experiment; some were given captopril, some were given proquazone, and some were given both. Blood samples were taken to study blood urea, serum creatinine, total proteins, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and blood picture, which reflect the side effects of the both drugs

Indapamide-digoxin interaction

Thirty-two adult male rabbits [1-1.5 kg body weight] were used in this study. They were divided into four groups: Indapamide group, digoxin group, combined group, and the control group. Determination of serum digoxin level by radioimmunoassay, serum sodium and potassium by flame photometer, serum calcium and magnesium by atomic absorption was done. A significant increase of serum digoxin level by indapamide was observed. Also, nifedipine had increased serum digoxin concentration

Cardiac microsomal enzymes after pindolol injection under halothane anesthesia in dogs

Most of the drug metabolizing enzymes are located in the cytoplasmic reticulum and the cytoplasm. The microsomal fraction contains cytochrome P-450 enzyme systems, while the cytosol contains the soluble enzymes glutathion S-transferases. Changes in the rate of drug metabolism may be caused by alterations in any one of these enzymes. Nine dogs were used to study the effect of pindolol [1 mg] injection under halothane anesthesia on the cardiac enzymes [cytochrome P-450 and glutathion S-transferase]. Results revealed a significant increase in the activity of cardiac glutathion S-transferase after pindolol injection. This suggested that pindolol might be an enzyme inducer. This suggestion needs further investigation

effect of cimetidine and propranolol on portal pressure

The portal pressure was measured in different compartments of the portal bed after the injection of 400mg cimetidine intravenously in patients with schistosomal hepatic fibrosis. The only significant drop in pressure was that measured in the left gastrop-epiploic vein. The effect of combining cimetidine and propranolol on portal pressure in dogs was found to be a highly significant drop

Can corticosteroids reverse the adverse effects of chemotherapeutics on the myocardium? a preliminary study

The effects of Dexamethasone [Decadron M.S.D.] on the Frog's heart preparation was tested alone and in combination with cyclophosphamide [Endoxan ASTA-Werke] and Doxrubicin [Adriamycin Farmitalia]. Inhibitory action was demonstrated if the drug was used alone. Also synergistic inhibition occurred with the other two drugs. Adverse effects on the myocardium can occur in clinical situations where massive doses of steroids are used, and if setroids are combined with other chemotherapeutic drugs. Further study to elucidate the mechanism of action is needed

new spectrum for cancer chemotherapy toxicity

The charts of 480 patients with different malignancies who were treated by different chemotherapeutic regimines in unit B, department of Surgery, Alexandria University Hospitals were reviewed. Five patients suffered lethal cardiac toxicities while only two showed the manifestations of paralytic ileus. The action of some of the commonly used chemotherapeutics on the frog's heart and rabbit's intestine were demonstrated experimentally. This was done in a trial to ellucidate and verify the toxic effects of these drugs in humans

Effect of prolonged administration of gliclazide on the thyroid function in rabbits

Gliclazide [Diamicron] is an oral hypoglycemic drug which belongs to the sulphonylurea compounds. Gliclazide was administered orally to male rabbits in a dose of 200 micro g/Kg/day. The drug was suspended in gum acacia mucilage [1%] in a concentration of 200 micro g/ml. Each of the control rabbits received 1.0 ml gum acacia mucilage [1%] orally. Treatment was performed daily for four weeks, then blood was collected for the determination of the levels of thyroid stimulating hormone [TSH], triiodothyronine [T[3]] and thyroxine [T[4]]. Treatment with gliclazide resulted in a significant decrease in the levels of TSH and T[3] and a non significant decrease in T[4]. Possible mechanisms underlying this antithyroid effect of gliclazide are then discussed

Effect of terlipressin [glypressin]; a vasopressin derivative, on acutely induced portal hypertension: an experimental study in dogs

Portal hypertension has been acutely induced in 15 adult male dogs. Glypressin [triglycyl-lysin vasopressin] has been injected as one I.V. bolus into 10 dogs, whereas the remaining five dogs received no drug to exclude the possible manipulating effects on portal hypertension. Data have been recorded before glypressin, 30 and 60 minutes after injection. These data included portal venous pressure, heart rate, systemic arterial blood pressure and ECG tracings [lead II]. Significant reduction of portal hypertension was obtained, the systemic arterial blood pressure showed mild significant increase, while the heart rate showed no significant change. No changes were recorded in the ECG tracings. The results are illustrated and discussed

Influence of some antishcistosomal drugs on gamma aminobutyric acid and l-glutamic acid contents of the cerebral hemispheres of rats

The effect of two synthetic antischistosomal drugs guanidine antimonyl tartarate [Gu.A.T.] and semicarbazide antimonyl tartarate [S.A.T.] on the level of Gamma amino-butyric acid [GABA] and L-glutamic acid in the rat cerebral hemispheres were studied. The drugs were injected intraperitoneally for 24 days, and tartar emetic [T.E] was used as a reference standard. It was found that [S.A.T.] caused a significant decrease in the [GABA] and increase in glutamic acid contents in the rat cerebral hemispheres. On the other hand [Gu.A.T] and [T.E] caused no significant changes

Comparative study of the effect of new antimonial schistosomicidals and tartar emetic [as a standard reference] on some liver and kidney function tests

This work was carried out to study the effect of three trivaleat antimonial compounds namely Guanidine antimonyl tartarate [Gu, A.T.], Piperazine di-antimonyl tartarate [Pi. A.T] and tartar emetic [T,E] [as a reference standard drug], on some liver and kidney function tests serum alkaline phosphatase, serum glutamic pyruvic transtminase [S.G.P.T.] serum gltamic oxalacetic transaminase [S,G.O.T.] zinc turbidity, thymol turbidity, serum bilirubin, total proteins and serum creatinine. The study was carried out on rats which were injected with the E.D. 50 of each drug intraperitoneally every other day and for 12 injections [resembling the therapeutic course]. After the end of the course it was found that Gu.A.T.] and [T,E] caused significant changes in S.G.P.T. and S.G..O.T while serum creatinine was elevated significantly after [Gu.A.T.] [Pi A.T.] and [T.E.].This denotes hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic effects of the tested drugs, and they must be given cautiously to hepatic and renal patients