comparative study on the effect of emdogain and calcium hydroxide on apical closure of young permanent teeth of dogs

The aim of this study was to compare the influence of Emdogain versus Calcium hydroxide on apexification and periapical healing of teeth in dogs with incomplete root formation and previously contaminated canals. twenty premolar of two 6 month old dogs were included. After access to the root ca nals and complete removal of the pulp, the canal system remained exposed to the oral environment for 2 weeks, then all infected canals were cleaned chemically and mechanically and shaped. The.treated teeth were divided into two experimental groups of 20 canals each. In group I, canals were filled with Emdogain. In group II, canals were filled with calcium hydroxide. The animals were sacrificed 3 months post operatively. The blocks of teeth and surrounding tissues were studied to evaluate five parameters: formation of an apical calcified tissue barrier, inflammatory reaction, extrusion of root canal filling, root and bone resorption. The total amount of reparative dentin formed in both groups was calculated using histometric analysis. significant differences [P < 0.05] were found in relation to formation of apical calcified tissue barrier, thickness of calcified tissue barrier, inflammatory reaction and material extrusion. The barrier was formed in 100% of canals from Emdogain group and 75% of canals from calcium hydroxide group. Mild inflammatory reaction and extrusion occurred mainly in roots from group 2. The total amount of reparative dentine formed in Emdogain treated teeth was significantly higher [P < 0.05] than Calcium hydroxide treated specimens. Emdogain showed promising results as a valuable material for apexification, primarily for treating immature teeth with necrotic pulps. It favored the formation of an apical calcified tissue barrier and periapical healing

Genetic and dental study in patients with ectodermal dysplasia

Thirteen patients suffering from ectodermal dysplasia presented to the Pediatric Dentistry Department for dental rehabilitation. They were subjected to clinical genetic examination, pedigree construction, dental clinical and radiographic evaluation and dermatoglyphic study. Different modes of inheritance were evident in this study including autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive and X-linked inheritance. Rapp Hodgkin and ectrodactyly clefting syndrome [both associated with ED] were found among the group. Dental clinical examination and panoramic X-ray films revealed a mean of 12.8 missing teeth in the ED group. Upper central incisors, canines and first molars were the most stable tooth types. Asymmetry in absent teeth was present in all tooth types. Dermatoglyphic study in ED patients showed a wide variation when compared with a normal group of individuals. Almost all the parameters studied recorded a significant difference

Conscious sedation by oral administration of midazolam versus midazolam plus ketamine for treatment of uncooperative pediatric dental patients

The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of oral midazolam versus oral midazolam and ketamine in sedating uncooperative and young children for dental treatment. Fifteeen children who needed two comparable restorative interventions that could be done on separate visits, participated in this study. The patients were assigned double blindly to receive 0.35 mg/kg midazolam or 0.35 mg/kg midazolam + 3 mg/kg ketamine with the alternate regimen administered at the second visit. Degree of alertness, crying and movement were assessed at the beginning of the session and at 5 minutes interval throughout the procedure. Overall patient behavior and operator's level of satisfaction were assessed on a special rating scale. Heart rate, respiratory rate, arterial oxygen saturation and blood pressure were recorded as a baseline and then every 5 minutes,; thereafter, during the operative session. Statistical analysis showed no difference in mean scores of crying and movement between both groups, although the midazolam and ketamine always scored higher means. Sedation was deeper during the first 10 minutes in the midazolam + ketamine group [P <0.05] as evidenced by higher mean scores for alertness. Overall mean patient's behavior and operator's satisfaction were higher in the midazolam + ketamine group with no statistical difference. No adverse effects were observed. Blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate and arterial saturation were all maintained at normal level