ABSTRACT
Objective: To isolate, determine the frequency, and study the demographic trends of MBL positive Pseudomonas aeruginosa from imipenem resistant isolates collected from clinical samples in a tertiary care hospital of Pakistan. Methods: In this cross sectional study a total of 230 strains of Pseudomonas were isolated from various clinical specimens on the basis of culture and biochemical tests. Imipenem resistant isolates were selected by Kirby Bauer Diffusion technique, followed by screening for MBL production by Imipenem EDTA Combined Disk Test. Demographic details of each patient were recorded on a separate questionnaire. Chi-Square goodness-of-fit test was computed to review the isolation of MBL positive isolates [P-value = 0.05] in different specimen. Results: Out of 230 strains of P. aeruginosa 49.5% were imipenem resistant; MBL production was confirmed in 64.9% of the resistant isolates. Resistance to polymyxin B [12.5%] was notable. Majority of the MBL positive strains were isolated from patients aged between 20-39 years [45.9%] and the predominant source was pus [43.24%] which was found to be statistically significant [P-value=0.04]. Outpatient departments [24.3%] and burn unit [21.6%] were the major places for resistant isolates. Conclusion: MBL production is one of the major causes of IRPA. Increasing resistance to polymyxin B is grave. Due to acquisition of MBL strains MDR P. aeruginosa has become endemic in tertiary setups
ABSTRACT
Background: Prescription writing is highly intricate. It is a reflection of the prescriber's knowledge of clinical pharmacology and well-defined judgment. Weak prescribing skills are mostly exhibited by junior doctors. Contributory factors include improper training, integrated system, and weak skills of the prescriber. Research provides substantial evidence that these flaws can be minimized through structured educational interventions
Objective: To evaluate medical and dental students on rational prescription writing, identification of elements and abbreviations of a prescription
Methods: A cross sectional study was performed on second year medical and dental students of Ziauddin University. In three 3 sessions, the students were taught rationale prescription writing, abbreviations, and elements used in prescription writing consecutively. The elements were based on doctor's and patient's information, followed by the drug component written explicitly. Each session was followed by exercises on case scenarios, to assess their comprehension of the topic. The p value < 0.05 was considered significant
Results: In the study 83% of the students completed components of rational prescription writing for a given case scenario, with 75% and 77% students identifying abbreviations and various elements in five tailor-made prescriptions respectively
Conclusion: Rational prescription writing is a curriculum-based inherent skill acquired by medical and dental students during their training. When rational prescription writing is taught together with elements of a prescription and abbreviations, it equips students with sound knowledge of clinical pharmacology and refines their judgment in formulating prescriptions