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To analyze the psychological experience of close contacts with COVID-19 during the centralized isolation medical observation (centralized isolation for short) period, 17 close contacts of COVID-19 who received medical isolation observation at designated locations in a city of China were selected by purposive sampling using qualitative study methods, and the interviewees were interviewed by full-coverage structured telephone. By analyzing the obtained data and summarizing the themes, it was found that the psychological status of the COVID-19 close contacts during the centralized isolation period could be classified into three themes: obvious negative emotions, somatization of psychological problems, and demand for social support. During the epidemic, when close contacts were quarantined as high-risk groups, they often had complex and difficult psychological experiences. Relevant departments should actively carry out online guidance channels and offline knowledge dissemination, actively conduct psychological interventions for close contacts, assist them to develop life plans to enrich the life of the centralized isolation period. At the same time, relevant departments should do a good job in logistics and life support services, create a comfortable isolated living environment, and effectively relieve the negative emotions of close contacts of COVID-19 during centralized isolation through a variety of positive and effective measures to ensure physical and mental health.
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Objective To explore the dynamic changes and correlation of self-acceptance and automatic thoughts in permanent colostomy patients. Methods There were 89 low position rectal cancer patients after Miles and permanent colostomy were recruited from the Department of Oncological Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityfromFebruary 2016 to October 2016. Self-acceptance Questionnaire and Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire were used to collect data in 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after colostomy. Results The self-acceptance scores were 33.64 ± 5.52, 33.24 ± 5.71, 34.56 ± 6.04 and 38.91 ± 6.33 respectively, which had significant differences (F=11.012, P<0.01). The automatic thoughts scores were 63.20 ± 16.78, 60.88 ± 16.53, 58.64 ± 15.87 and 55.32 ± 14.76 respectively, which had significant differences (F=3.462, P<0.05). The correlation between self-acceptance and automatic thoughts were-0.576--0.372, which were all significant (P<0.01). Conclusion There were negative correlations between self-acceptance and automatic thoughts in permanent colostomy patients within 1 year after operation. Health professionals should learn to identify patients′automatic thoughts accurately, lead off negative emotions, promote early self-acceptance and improve their quality of life.
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Objective@#To explore the status of anticipatory grief in major caregivers of patients with advanced cancer and its influencing factors.@*Methods@#There were 329 major caregivers of patients with advanced cancer recruited between October 2017 and May 2018. The basic data questionnaire, Anticipatory Grief Scale and Perceived Social Support Scale were used in the investigation.@*Results@#The scores of anticipatory grief and perceived social support were 88.49±16.47 and 60.33±11.58 respectively. The result of multiple linear regression revealed that relationship with patients, perceived social support, gender and religion were associated with anticipatory grief and could explain 54.2% of the total variance.@*Conclusions@#Medical workers should provide assistance to the major caregivers of patients with advanced cancer, respect and encourage the appropriate participation of religious activities, encourage caregivers to fully express their feelings, decrease their adverse emotional reactions and improve their bereavement outcome.
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Objective To investigate the present situation of spiritual health and empathy of undergraduate nursing students, and explore the correlation between them. Methods Convenient sampling was used and 498 senior nursing students were recruited from 2 universities in Shandong Province. They were investigated using the general questionnaire, the Spiritual Health Scale Short Form and Chinese version of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index. Results The total score of spiritual health was (92.87±12.28), the 5 dimensions of the item score from high to low were connection to others (4.46± 0.62), meaning derived from living (4.15 ± 0.69), self-understanding (4.03 ± 0.72), transcendence (3.95 ± 0.74) and religious attachment (2.60±1.08). The total score of Interpersonal Reactivity Index was (57.50± 8.35), the 5 dimensions of the item score from high to low were perspective taking (2.78±0.61), empathy concern (2.72±0.56), fantasy (2.61±0.57), personal distress (2.32±0.78). Nursing students’spiritual health score and empathy was positively correlated (r=0.334,P<0.01). Regression analysis, single-child (B=0.202, P<0.05), exercise habit (B=0.363, P<0.01), religious belief (B=0.381, P<0.01), academic performance (B=0.205, P<0.05), nursing career in the future (B=0.285, P<0.01) were the influencing factors of nursing students′ spiritual health. Conclusions Spiritual health is closely related to empathy; the higher the level of spiritual health, the higher the empathy ability. It suggests that nursing educators can improve nursing students′ empathy by improving the spiritual health of nursing students.
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Objective To explore the status of anticipatory grief in major caregivers of patients with advanced cancer and its influencing factors. Methods There were 329 major caregivers of patients with advanced cancer recruited between October 2017 and May 2018. The basic data questionnaire, Anticipatory Grief Scale and Perceived Social Support Scale were used in the investigation. Results The scores of anticipatory grief and perceived social support were 88.49 ± 16.47 and 60.33 ± 11.58 respectively. The result of multiple linear regression revealed that relationship with patients, perceived social support, gender and religion were associated with anticipatory grief and could explain 54.2％of the total variance. Conclusions Medical workers should provide assistance to the major caregivers of patients with advanced cancer, respect and encourage the appropriate participation of religious activities, encourage caregivers to fully express their feelings, decrease their adverse emotional reactions and improve their bereavement outcome.
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Objective@#To investigate the present situation of spiritual health and empathy of undergraduate nursing students, and explore the correlation between them.@*Methods@#Convenient sampling was used and 498 senior nursing students were recruited from 2 universities in Shandong Province. They were investigated using the general questionnaire, the Spiritual Health Scale Short Form and Chinese version of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index.@*Results@#The total score of spiritual health was (92.87±12.28), the 5 dimensions of the item score from high to low were connection to others (4.46±0.62), meaning derived from living (4.15±0.69), self-understanding (4.03±0.72), transcendence (3.95±0.74) and religious attachment (2.60±1.08). The total score of Interpersonal Reactivity Index was (57.50±8.35), the 5 dimensions of the item score from high to low were perspective taking (2.78±0.61), empathy concern (2.72±0.56), fantasy (2.61±0.57), personal distress (2.32±0.78). Nursing students’ spiritual health score and empathy was positively correlated (r=0.334, P<0.01). Regression analysis, single-child (B=0.202, P<0.05), exercise habit (B=0.363, P<0.01), religious belief (B=0.381, P<0.01), academic performance (B=0.205, P<0.05), nursing career in the future (B=0.285, P<0.01) were the influencing factors of nursing students′ spiritual health.@*Conclusions@#Spiritual health is closely related to empathy; the higher the level of spiritual health, the higher the empathy ability. It suggests that nursing educators can improve nursing students′ empathy by improving the spiritual health of nursing students.
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Objective To explore the experience of palliative care among oncology nurses and provide suggestion to the training program for oncology specialized nurses. Methods Using the qualitative research and 13 oncology nurses were selected. Data were collected by depth interviews. Results the experience of palliative care among oncology nurses included acknowledge the importance of palliative care; increasing sense of achievement and occupational self-identity for nurses; Facing with difficulty and Challenge. Conclusion Palliative care plays important role in oncology nursing and nurses need more focused training on Psychological, social and spiritual care.
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Objective: To explore the risk of incidence of catheter-related thrombosis in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy using nomogran. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 286 patients with malignant tumor who needed PICC insertion at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University between December 2014 and December 2015. Potential risk factors were included in the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis to finally build a nomogram to predict the risk of PICC-related thrombosis. Results: A total of 286 patients who needed PICC insertion were analyzed, among whom 72 experienced PICC- related thrombosis. Twenty-seven potential thrombosis-related risk factors were included in the LASSO regression analysis. The results indicated that the use of ultrasound guidance during insertion, previous chemotherapy, other catheter-related complications, and plasma Ddimer were the risk factors of PICC related thrombosis. Thus, these four risk factors were applied to the nomogram model. Further,the nomogram prediction model yielded a C-index of 0.688 and the adjusted fitting curve was located in the error range of 10%. Conclusions:Combined with puncture technology, previous chemotherapy history, complications, and D-dimer level constituted the nomogram prediction model for PICC-related thrombosis which had a good accuracy.
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Objective:To explore the spiritual needs of young patients with gastric cancer, and provide evidence for spiritual care. Methods:Using the qualitative research method, 13 patients with gastric cancer were selected to conduct interview in depth. Results:The spiritual needs of gastric cancer patients included four aspects:dignity maintenance, family harmony, realizing self -value and seeking spiritual sustenance. Conclusion: The spiritual needs of gastric cancer patients are diverse and have obvious characteristics of Chinese traditional culture. Personalized spiritual care is the core component of cancer care and should be run through the whole nursing process.
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Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a reactive mental disorder that occurs after an individual was exposed to a traumatic event,and the core of the treatment is the extinction of conditioned fear memory caused by stress.Fear memory is an incentive mechanism based on external stimuli that occupy a central position in the defense system.Traditional memory concept convinced that the original memory traces were in an unstable state when the memory was activated.This process is called memory reconsolidation.The research has proved the existence of the fear memory reconsolidation,but the specific mechanism of reconsolidation has not been clarified.The animal studies show that many brain sites and molecular mechanisms are involved in the process of fear memory reconsolidation.Understanding the underlying mechanisms of fear memory reconsolidation is conducive to the treatment of specific phobias and PTSD.This review summarized the brain structure and molecular mechanism of conditioned fear memory reconsolidation,providing a new direction for the in-depth study of conditioned fear memory reconsolidation and PTSD.
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@#Objective To evaluate the activities of vastus medialis, rectus femoris and vastus lateralis during stair descent in healthy youth. Methods Thirty healthy college students were recruited from the Capital Medical University 2015 admissions in 2016. The electrode was put on the dominant side of the quadriceps. Surface electromyography was used to record muscle activity during stair descent. Results During stair descent, the maximum amplitude and mean amplitude were significantly lower in rectus femoris than in vastus medialis and vas-tus lateralis (P<0.001). No significant difference was found between vastus medialis and vastus lateralis (P>0.05). Conclusion The activa-tion of both vastus medialis and vastus lateralis during stair descent is significantly higher than that of rectus femoris. The coactivation of vastus medialis and vastus lateralis is equal in healthy youth.
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Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a reactive mental disorder that occurs after an individual was exposed to a traumatic event,and the core of the treatment is the extinction of conditioned fear memory caused by stress.Fear memory is an incentive mechanism based on external stimuli that occupy a central position in the defense system.Traditional memory concept convinced that the original memory traces were in an unstable state when the memory was activated.This process is called memory reconsolidation.The research has proved the existence of the fear memory reconsolidation,but the specific mechanism of reconsolidation has not been clarified.The animal studies show that many brain sites and molecular mechanisms are involved in the process of fear memory reconsolidation.Understanding the underlying mechanisms of fear memory reconsolidation is conducive to the treatment of specific phobias and PTSD.This review summarized the brain structure and molecular mechanism of conditioned fear memory reconsolidation,providing a new direction for the in-depth study of conditioned fear memory reconsolidation and PTSD.
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@#Objective To evaluate the activities of vastus medialis, rectus femoris and vastus lateralis during stair descent in healthy youth. Methods Thirty healthy college students were recruited from the Capital Medical University 2015 admissions in 2016. The electrode was put on the dominant side of the quadriceps. Surface electromyography was used to record muscle activity during stair descent. Results During stair descent, the maximum amplitude and mean amplitude were significantly lower in rectus femoris than in vastus medialis and vas-tus lateralis (P<0.001). No significant difference was found between vastus medialis and vastus lateralis (P>0.05). Conclusion The activa-tion of both vastus medialis and vastus lateralis during stair descent is significantly higher than that of rectus femoris. The coactivation of vastus medialis and vastus lateralis is equal in healthy youth.
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Objective To evaluate the psychometric characteristics of the Inventory of Core Competency for Neonatal Nurses,and identified its applicability. Methods A total of 147 neonatal nurses from January 2017 to March 2017 were recruited using convenience sampling method.The Inventory of Core Competency for Neonatal Nurses was used to investigate. Results The difficulty scores of the items were 0.618-0.756 and their discrimination correlation coefficients were 0.314-0.712, all P < 0.01. The content validity index of the inventory was 0.936.Six factors were extracted after exploratory factor analysis,and their cumulative contribution was 68.7%.The results of confirmatory factor analysis were as follows:x2/df was 3.957, standardized residual root mean square was 0.043, root mean square error approximation was 0.047, incremental fitness index was 0.965,comparative fitness index was 0.971.The total scale Cronbach alpha was 0.874,and the retest reliability was 0.912. Conclusions The validity and reliability of the Inventory of Core Competency for Neonatal Nurses support the use of it in neonatal nurses.
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Objective:To assess the validity and reliability of the Chinese version of the eleven-item Kutcher Adolescent Depression Scale (KADS-11)in Chinese adolescents,calculate its optimal cut-off value and the sensi-tivity and specificity,and explore the possibility of providing a useful tool to assess the severity of adolescent de-pressive symptoms.Methods:Totally 3180 students aged 11 -17 years were selected from schools in 6 provinces and Shanghai.All of them were asked to complete the KADS-11 and Children Depression Inventory (CDI). Students whose CDI scores were above 19 (including 19)were diagnosed with the DSM-IV criteria of depressive disorder,73 students from Shanghai sample were assessed with KADS-11 and CDI to analyze the test-retest reliabil-ity 1 month later.Results:Exploratory factor analysis showed that KADS-11 had 2 factors,and confirmatory factor analysis tested proved the 2-factor model fit better than the one-factor model.The KADS-11 total scores were posi-tively correlated with CDI total scores (r =0.74,P <0.01 ),and the KADS-11 scores were higher in depressive group than those in non-depressive group.The mean area under the curve (AUC)of KADS-11was 0.94,the mean area under the curve of each item ranged from 0.7 to 0.9.The optimal cut-off point of KADS-11 was total score≥9,sensitivity and specificity were 89% and 90% respectively.The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the KADS-11 was 0.84,the spilt-half reliability coefficient was 0.71 (P <0.01),and the test-retest coefficient was 0.77 (P <0.01).Conclusion:The KADS-11 is appropriate for Chinese adolescents because of its good validity,reliability and diagnosis accuracy,it could be used to assess depressive symptoms for adolescents.
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Objective To analyze vitamin D concentration and its association with body composition of children in Huairou district of Beijing, to provide evidence for evaluation and improvement of nutritional status of vitamin D in children. Methods Totally, 381 children aged 7-11 years were recruited in Huairou district of Beijing(40.3°N). Samples of overnight fasting venous blood (drawn between 0630 and 0900) were obtained in late March. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration was determined by ELISA kits (IDS Ltd, UK). Body composition indices of the whole body, the distal and proximal forearm were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA, Norland, US A). Results The average serum 25 (OH) D concentration of all subjects was (44.4±12.5) nmol/L. The percentage of vitamin D insufficient [serum 25(OH) D≤ 50 nmol/L ] reached as high as 68.5% (261 people). The 25 (OH) D concentration of boys (46.3 nmol/L± 13.3 nmol/L) was significantly higher than that of girls (42.0 nmol/L±11.1 nmol/L), (t=3.38,P< 0.01). Between the serum 25(OH)D concentration and lean body mass of proximal forearm, distal forearm, whole body, and four limbs, significant positive correlations (r=0.13-0.19,P<0.05) were observed. After age, gender, height and weight were under controlled for, correlations between the serum 25(OH)D concentration and lean body mass at proximal forearm, and the two lower limbs still existed (r=0.12-0.14,P<0.05). The serum 25(OH)D concentration, the percentage of body fat at proximal forearm, and distal forearm were negatively correlated (r=-0.14, P<0.05;r=-0.11, P< 0.05). However, after adjusting for confounding effects, this correlation disappeared. No significant correlation between the serum 25 (OH)D concentration and body fat was observed at any position. Conclusion Vitamin D deficiency was common in children of suburb area of Beijing. Vitamin D status was positively associated with the lean body mass.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>determine the feasibility of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) gene therapy for protecting the cochlear function against aminoglycoside-induced oxidative stress in aging rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The aging model of SD rats were obtained with 8 weeks daily of D-gal (150 mg/kg per day) hypodermic injection. In the 9th week, amikacin (500 mg/kg per day) were injected intramuscularly into some aging SD rats. The viral particles of recombinant adeno-associated viral vector II/MnSOD (6 microl, 5 x 10(11) vector genomes/ml) were injected into the perilymph through the round window membrane (RWM). The feasibility of MnSOD gene therapy against aminoglycoside-induced oxidative stress in aging rats was evaluated with the methods of caspase-3 protein analysis, apoptosis detection with immunohistochemical, the detection of MnSOD concentration, stretched preparation of basilar membrane and evaluation of hearing threshold with ABR-click.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the control group, the concentration of MnSOD of cochlear tissue was increased (P < 0.05), and the active fragment expression of caspase-3, the numbers of apoptosis bodies and the hearing threshold were decreased (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>MnSOD could play a partly role to treat cochlear aminoglycoside-induced oxidative damage in aging rats.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Rats , Aminoglycosides , Apoptosis , Caspase 3 , Metabolism , Cochlea , Metabolism , Pathology , Dependovirus , Genetics , Ear, Inner , Cell Biology , Metabolism , Genetic Therapy , Genetic Vectors , Oxidative Stress , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Superoxide Dismutase , Genetics , TransfectionABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the oral health status of freshmen of university students and to guide their oral hygiene behaviors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>6,575 freshmen of Peking University students were investigated in this study according to the criterion issued by World Health Organization (WHO) on the basic methods of oral health investigation and China oral health epidemiology survey protocol. The inspection item included caries, gingivitis, malocclusions and impacted teeth.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In 6,575 freshmen of university students, the prevalence rate of caries, gingivitis, malocclusions and impacted teeth were 35.47%, 60.87%, 19.70% and 24.62%, respectively. There were statistical significance between the prevalence rate of caries, gingivitis, malocclusions and impacted teeth of male and female (chi2=131.94, P<0.001: chi2=216.85, P<0.001; chi2=14.54, P<0.01; chi2=23.56, P<0.001). There were statistical significance between the prevalence rate of caries, gingivitis and impacted teeth of postgraduate and undergraduate (chi2=4.62, P<0.05: chi2=129.56, P<0.001; chi2=178.05, P<0.001), while there was no statistical significance between the prevalence rate of malocclusions of postgraduate and undergraduate (chi2=0.61, P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The oral health status of freshmen of university students are not ideal. It is necessary to strengthen the propaganda education of prevention and protect to freshmen of university students.</p>