ABSTRACT
Evidence suggested that glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) is involved in Nogo-66 inhibiting axonal regeneration in vitro, but its effect in vivo was poorly understood. We showed that stereotactic injection of shRNA GSK-3β-adeno associated virus (GSK-3β-AAV) diminished syringomyelia and promoted axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury (SCI), using stereotactic injection of shRNA GSK-3β-AAV (tested with Western blotting and RT-PCR) into the sensorimotor cortex of rats with SCI and by the detection of biotin dextran amine (BDA)-labeled axonal regeneration. We also determined the right position to inject into the sensorimotor cortex. Our findings consolidate the hypothesis that downregulation of GSK-3β promotes axonal regeneration after SCI.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Rats , Axons , Metabolism , Dependovirus , Genetics , Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta , Genetics , Metabolism , Nerve Regeneration , Genetics , RNA, Small Interfering , Genetics , Sensorimotor Cortex , Pathology , Spinal Cord Injuries , Genetics , Pathology , Therapeutics , Syringomyelia , Genetics , Pathology , TherapeuticsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Nogo-A is an axon regeneration inhibitor, and its function in central nervous system (CNS) is still unknown. The present study is to explore the relationship between the expression of Nogo-A and the malignancy of oligodendroglial tumors in patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Tumor tissue samples with different malignancy grade were obtained from the hospitals. The samples used for detection had been diagnosed as oligodendroglial tumors (oligodendroglioma or anaplastic oligodendroglioma). The expression of Nogo-A was detected by immunohistochemistry and western-blot analysis. The correlation test between the Nogo-A expression and the morphological changes (the percentages of atypical cells and mitotic cells in the tumors) related to the malignancy of tumor tissues was performed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was significant negative correlation between the Nogo-A expression and the morphological change of tumor tissues according to immunohistochemistry. Western-blot analysis also indicated that the gray value of Nogo-A protein band in the oligodendroglioma group was significantly higher than that in the anaplastic oligodendroglioma group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Nogo-A expression was negatively correlated with the malignancy grade of oligodendroglial tumors.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Biomarkers, Tumor , Metabolism , Brain Neoplasms , Diagnosis , Metabolism , Down-Regulation , Physiology , Immunohistochemistry , Mitotic Index , Myelin Proteins , Metabolism , Neoplasm Invasiveness , Diagnosis , Nogo Proteins , Oligodendroglioma , Diagnosis , Metabolism , Predictive Value of TestsABSTRACT
Objective To explore the effects of chronic electrical stimulation (ES) on Nogo-A expression in the hippoeampus of rats.Methods Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into a control group and 4 exper- imental groups.The rats in the control group were given sham ES,while those in the experimental groups received 1, 3,6,or 9 days of ES before being sacrificed for the detection of Nogo-A expresson in the hippoeampus by immunohis- tochemistry and Western plotting.Results There was a positive correlation between the level of Nogo-A expression and the duration of ES,as shown by the immunohistochemistry technique.Western blotting showed the same result. Conclusion In general,seizure occurred 8 days after electrical stimulation began.Elevated Nogo-A expression in the hippocampus began earlier than seizures in the epilepsy model groups.