ABSTRACT
Aim: Detection of protein expression changes in human cystic echinococcosis sera by 2D gel electrophoresis
Background: Diagnosis and successful treatment of cystic echinococcosis [CE] is a major challenge, up to now. Identification of related expressed proteins using proteomics tools and bioinformatics analysis of patientsf sera have not been investigated, so far
methods: Sera from eight confirmed CE patients and three healthy controls were collected, tested by 2-DE for total protein separation of serum and analyzed using proteomics and bioinformatics methods. The gels were stained by Coomassie blue followed by scan imaging of the gels. The protein spots in each gel were analyzed using progenesis same spots software. Proteins names were obtained from TagIdent server
Results: A total of 263 protein spots with different expression were detected in both normal and diseased samples. Comparison between diseased and normal gels showed the expression of 45 up-regulated protein spots with fold.2 in diseased gel of which 10 were new proteins with statistical difference by normal gel [p-value<0.05]. On the other hand, the expression of 50 down-regulated protein spots were observed of which 11 proteins have been suppressed. Clustering of all detected sera proteins [263] using correlation analysis, divided the proteins into 2 clusters based on up-regulated and down-regulated expression of proteins. Clustering results were approved by principal component analysis [PCA]
Conclusion: Significant protein expression changes in human CE sera which is demonstrable by application of proteomics and bioinformatics analysis makes it an impressing tool for diagnosis of CE patients
ABSTRACT
Healthy eating and physical activity habits formed during childhood can persist into adulthood and prevent or delay premature onset of a number of chronic diseases. The aim of this study was patterns of physical activity and dietary habit in relation to weight status in adolescent girls. In a cross sectional study, using two stage cluster sampling 256 adolescent girls were randomly selected from 8 Semnan secondary schools. Weigh and height were measured and Body Mass Index [BMI] was calculated. In adolescents, anthropometric indices were defined based on the CDC 2000 cut-off points for age and gender-specific BMI. Data of energy and nutrient intake was collected with the 24-hour dietary recall and food record questionnaires. The food frequency questionnaire was used to evaluate daily food consumption. Physical activity was determined using Baecke questionnaire. Data analyzed indicated that daily fat intake [p=0.003, r=+0.18], energy percent of fat [p=0.04, r=+0.01] and fast food frequency [p=0.026, r=+0.139] had significant relationship with BMI percentile. There was a significant relationship between snack frequency and weight status in high school adolescent girls [p=0.023]. Data analyzed indicated that physical activity had significant relationship with weight status in adolescent girls [p= 0.0001]. The findings suggest that make physical activity enjoyable and improvement food habit among adolescent girls are necessary to induct
ABSTRACT
Boophilus genus ticks are responsible for transferring some pathogens and reducing production factors in cattle. Tropomysin [TPM] protein has actin regulator activity and playing important role in immune and allergic reactions. The main goal is to determine different aspects of phylogenetic, similarity, homology, structure and allergenicity of TPM protein. In prior study, we identified TPM by using Mass-spectrometry in Boophilus anulatus larva proteins extraction. Analysis by NCBI and Mascot software showed complete similarity of this protein with Boophilus microplus. TPM Blasting, invertebrates TPM sequences retrieval, aligning and analyzing of conserved and variable regions along sequences were next steps. Also, construction the phylogenetic tree, overall mean distances estimation, homology protein secondary structure, allergencity analysis was achieved. The most similar sequences to Boophilus genus TPM are Haemaphysalis sp., Scolopendra sp. and etc., respectively. The multiple sequence alignment showed that conserved and variable regions stretched in different part of TPM. The close relationships in Phylogenetic tree between Ticks and Mites were seen, although the TPM sequences in ticks are more similar to each other than to mites and assume as the nearest relatives. Insects TPM like worms, located in two separated clades, and Trichinella spiralis in worm clades are more related taxa to members of ticks and mites groups. Furthermore, overall mean distances over sequence pairs reflects TPM conservation during speciation. TPM has high homology in different species and has two domain of ?-helix that cannot form disulfide bonds. Finally, allergenicity analysis by separated and hybrid approach showed it undoubted is allergen and candidates some peptides as responsible for allergenicity of TPM. The comprehensive analysis of TPM has never been easy, especially when we attempt to make statements from different aspects about this protein. Our study revealed the some unique and valuable aspects of TPM protein of Boophilus genus, and will help to further studies on mentioned protein
ABSTRACT
Bacteriophage is a kind of virus that infect bacteria, and is distinct from the animal and plant viruses that could have either lytic or lysogenic cycle. Lytic phages known as candidates for phage therapy, since they rapidly replicate into their host and lyse them. Theoretically, phages have more than a few benefits over routine antibiotics. They are extremely specific and for their targeted hosts and also are safe for human, because they have no activity against eukaryote cells. Over this time, phages were used to treat various infections. Although, phages have a lot of advantages against antibiotics, their industrial production as a commercial production have been ceased in most of the western European countries. These days, by raising of antibiotics resistance and inefficiency of antibiotic to overcome bacteria biofilm, there is renewed global attention in phage applications as a potentially powerful antibacterial agents. Different published paper through the world indicates bacteriophage could be recruited as suitable agent for therapeutic purposes in medicine and food industry. Therefore, here we tried to review most of these ideas about phage application as a rapid review
ABSTRACT
Rodent ectoparasites seems have a main role in transmission of some zoonotic pathogens from commensal rats to human and pets such as leishmaniasis, plague, CCHF, etc. So rodents as the main reservoirs, are potential health dangers in human communities. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and frequency of identified ectoparasites in north of Tehran. Rodents were captured with live traps during 2007-2009. After transferring to the laboratory and identifying, their ectoparasites were collected and mounted for species identification by using valid keys. Sixty four rodents included two species: Rattus norvegicus [82.8%] and Mus musculus [17.2%] were captured. 1755 ectoparasites collected from 43 infested R.norvegicus were related to 5 genera and 6 species: Ornithonyssus bacoti [71.7%], Hoplopleura spp [17%], Hoplopleura oenomydis [11.3%], Polyplax spinulosa [3.8%], Nosopsyllus fasciatus [3.8%], and Ixodes ricinus [1.9%]. 11 Mus musculus were free of ectoparasites. Among all arthropods, mites and ticks had the most [97.4%] and the least [0.1%] frequency in R.norvegicus, respectively. Also, Ornithonyssus bacoti was a prevalent species [71.7%] with mean abundant 32.2. I.ricinus with 1.9% prevalence was the least prevalent ectoparasites. 11 M.musculus were free of ectoparasites
ABSTRACT
Liver fluke infections in herbivores are common in many countries, including Iran. Meatinspection records in an abattoir located in Ahwaz [capital of Khuzestan Province, in southwestern Iran], from March, 20, 1999 to March, 19, 2008 were used to determine the prevalence and long term trend of liver fluke disease in sheep, goats and cattle in the region. A total of 3186755 livestock including 2490742 sheep, 400695 goats and 295318 cattle were slaughtered in the 9-year period and overall 144495 [4.53%] livers were condemned. Fascioliasis and dicrocoeliosis were responsible for 35.01% and 2.28% of total liver condemnations in this period, respectively. Most and least rates of liver condemnations due to fasciolosis in slaughtered animals were seen in cattle and sheep, respectively. The corresponding figures from dicrocoeliosis were goats and sheep, respectively. The overall trend for all livestock in liver fluke was a significant downward during the 9- year period. The prevalence of liver condemnations due to fasciolosis decreased from 7.37%, 1.80%, and 4.41% in 1999-2000 to 4.64%, 1.12%, and 2.80% in 2007-2008 for cattle, sheep and goats, respectively. Dicrocoeliosis was less prevalent than fasciolosis, but similarly declined from 0.35 % and 0.15% in 1999-2000 to 0.00% and 0.08 % in 2007-2008 in cattle and sheep, respectively. Data showed significant seasonal pattern for Dicrocoelium dendriticum in sheep and goats, but for Fasciola spp. in different animals there were no statistically significant differences with respect to season. Liver condemnations due to fasciolosis and dicrocoeliosis were more prevalent in cattle slaughtered during summer, whereas they were higher in winter for both sheep and goats. The odds ratio showed a slightly different pattern in some years; however, the overall declining trend was still observed. This survey provides baseline data for the future monitoring of these potentially important parasitic infections in the region, and demonstrating possible long term trends